(完整版)初中英語名詞復(fù)數(shù)、語法大全

1、初中英語名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)( Singular Form )和復(fù)數(shù) (Plural Form) 兩種形式。表示一個人或物用單數(shù)形式，表示一 個以上的人或物用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1一般在詞尾加 -s。s 在濁輔音后面讀 z ，在清輔音后面讀 s，在 t后與 t一起讀 ts ，在d后與 d一 起讀 dz 。例如：book books 書day days 天、日dog dogs 狗tree trees 樹2以 s， sh，ch，x 結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加 -es，讀 iz例如：glass glasses 玻璃杯watch watches 手表box boxes 盒子brush brushes 刷3以 o 結(jié)尾的

2、詞有些加 -es ，讀 z ；有些加 -s，讀 s 。例如：tomato tomatoes 西紅柿potato potatoes 土豆photo photos 相片radio radios 收音機 zoo zoos 動物園4以 f 或 fe結(jié)尾的詞，先把 f 改為v，再加es ，讀vz 。例如：knife knives 小刀leaf leaves 樹葉life lives 生命thief thieves 小偷5以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的，先把 y改為 i，再加 -es ，讀 z。例如：story stories 故事city cities 城市family families 家庭baby bab

3、ies 嬰兒注意： boy boys 男孩toy toys 玩具 key keys 鑰匙6有些名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：man men 男人 woman women 婦女tooth teeth 牙齒 foot feet 腳7有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。例如；deer deer 鹿 sheep sheep 綿羊Chinese Chinese 中國人 Japanese Japanese 日本人8 有些學(xué)科名詞雖以 s 結(jié)尾，但通常都做單數(shù)名詞看待。例如：physics 物理 maths 數(shù)學(xué) politics 政治 news 新聞9有些單數(shù)形式的名詞具有復(fù)數(shù)的含義，要當作復(fù)數(shù)看待。例如：peop

4、le 人們，人民 police 警察 public 公眾 練習(xí)、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。movie olifepiaoknifefryleafphotoradizootomatopotatobuswatchboxbookmapcatfilmdoormonthhorsepicture classboytoothwomaneyetoothGermanChinesemanfootballchildclassroommonkeyFrenchman二、 選擇填空：1. There are some on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes2

5、. Mr Black often gives us by Email.A. some good information B. some good informationsC. good informationsD. a good information3. There are some new books in the school library. They are books.A. child B. childrens' C. children D. children's4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new

6、.A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other in his class.A. students B. students C. student's D. students'6. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about .A. forty minutes's walk B. forty minute's walkC. forty minutes walkD. forty mi

7、nutes' walk7. How many are there in your class ?A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian8. I found my black cat in room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike9. How much are the ?A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10. There are many

8、 in our school.A. woman teachers B. woman's teachers C. women teachers D. women's teachers11. Three months a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. There are and on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four

9、 bottles of orangeD. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges、 選擇填空：1.They areA:man doctorB:men doctorsctors2There are five_in the hill.A:sheepB:sheepsD:deers3 Those whitesocks_small.A:areB:isD:do4We have many_inour school.A:woman teacherB:women teachers5Do you like?C:men doctor D:manC: gooseC: amC

10、: woman teachers D:women teacherdoA:vegetable B: vegetables6How manydo they have?C:an vegetableA:picture7There are sixA:volleyballleyballs8Are these _A:woman9It is .A:milkD:milks10It 's a _A:apple, egggg,cakeB: picturesin the room.B:volleyballsteachers?B:womenB:a milk.It isn 't an .B;cake,eg

11、gC:a pictureC:a volleyballC:womansC:an molkC:egg,orange,D:volD:e11Tom and Jim are _A:friendsB:friendC:brotherD:sister12Where are his ?_the dresser.A:keys ,They are on B:key, They are on t is in 13Are those your ?A:bookes B:boxsC:keys, It is atC:applesD:key,ID:apple14There is in our room.A:a picture

12、and five maps ctureB:five mapsand a piC:two pictures and five mapsD: two pictureand fivemap初中英語語法大全一、名詞的數(shù) 我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和 復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,

13、faxes三）1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2 ）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加 o 的加 es ：如 : tomatoes 西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)

14、尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有： fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有： people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有： police 警察局，警察 , class 班，同學(xué) , famil

15、y 家， 家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如： action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man 或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。 如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如： fish 魚 fishes 魚的種類 , paper 紙 papers 報紙，卷子，論文 , work 工作 works 作品，工廠 , glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange 桔子水 orange

16、s 橙子 , light 光線 lights 燈 , people 人 peoples 民族 , time 時間 times 時代 , 次數(shù) , chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加 s 或'。s如： Is （I 's）, Ks （K。'但s如） 是縮略詞則只加 s。 如： IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有： child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Engli

17、shmen二、名詞的格1當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加 '。s如： brother ' s, Mike ' s, teacher ' s二）復(fù)數(shù)以 s 結(jié)尾的直接在 s 后加 '，如果不是以 s 結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如： Teachers' Day 教師節(jié) , classmates ' Children 's 六Da一y節(jié) , Women' s Day 三八節(jié)三）由 and 并列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個 '，s但分別擁有時卻分別

18、按單數(shù)形式處理。如： Mike and Ben ' s room 邁克和本的房間（共住一間）， Mike' s and Ben ' s rooms邁克 和本的房間（各自的房間）2代詞項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthis that

19、itself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthese thosethemselves3動詞A ） 第三人稱單數(shù) 當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s ，如下：一）一般在詞后加 s 。如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 。如： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2

20、）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 es 。如： does, goes五）特殊的有： are-is, have-hasB ） 現(xiàn)在分詞 當我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加 ing 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的

21、去掉 e 再加 ing 。如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如 show showing, draw-drawing ）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加 ing 。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 結(jié)尾的變 ie 為 y 再加 ing 。如： tie-tying 系 die-

22、dying 死 lie-lying 位于 4形容詞的級 我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在詞后加 er 或 est（ 如果是以 e 結(jié)尾則直接加 r 或 st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest,taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且 1 個元音字母 1 個輔音字母 (字母組合除外， 如 few-fewer fewest) 結(jié)尾的雙寫 結(jié)尾的輔音再加 er /est 。如： big-bigger

23、biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三) 以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 加 er/est 。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四) 特殊情況： (兩好多壞，一少老遠 ) good/well - better best many/much - more most

24、bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5 數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th ；y 結(jié)尾，變?yōu)?i, eth跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninet

25、y-ninetieth二、句式1. 陳述句 肯定陳述句a) This is a book. (be 動詞 )b) He looks very young. ( 連系動詞 )c) I want a sweat like this. ( 實義動詞 )d) I can bring some things to school. ( 情態(tài)動詞 )e) There 's a computer on my desk. (There be 結(jié)構(gòu) )否定陳述句 a) These aren ' t their books. b) They don't look nice.t find he

26、r doll.c) Kate doesn ' t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cane) There isn 't a cat here. (=There' s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 否定祈使句 a) Don ' t be late. b) Don 't hurry.a) Please go and ask the man.b) Let ' s learn English!c) Come in, please.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句a) Is Jim a student?

27、b) Can I help you?c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答 :a) Yes, he is.b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does.d) Yes, they do.e) Yes, she is.否定回答 :a) No, he isn'bt.) No, you can'tc. ) No, she doesn 'td. ) No, they don' te. ) No, she isn ' t.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the

28、 tablebig or small?回答It 's big./ It's small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies do you like?I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle?He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.How do we contact you?My e-mail address is cindyjo

29、nes 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問時間 What' s the time? （=What time is it?） It' s a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick?At five o ' clock.When do you want to go?Let ' s go at 7:00. 問地方 Where' s my backpack?It ' s under the table. 問顏色 What color ar

30、e they?They are light blue.What' s your favo urite color?It ' s black. 問人物 Who' s that?It ' s my sister.Who is the boy in blue?My brother.Who isn ' t at school?Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 What' s this/that （in English）?It ' s a pencil case.What els

31、e can you see in the picture?I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.（ 11 ）問姓名 What's your aunt 's name?Her name is Helen./She ' s Helen.What' s your first name?My first name ' s Ben.What' s your family name?My family name ' s Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like?

32、I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it?It ' s big D/small f.14 問價格 How much are these pants?They' re 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼 What' s your phone number?It 's 57-86349.16 問謂語 （動作 ） What ' s he doing?He' s watching TV.17 問職業(yè) （身份 ） What do you do?I'm a teacher.What' s

33、 your father?He' s a doctor.三、時態(tài)1 、一般現(xiàn)在時 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時，它有：Be 動詞： She' s a worker. Is sh e a worker?She isn ' t a worker.情態(tài)動詞： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano?I can ' t play the piano.行為動詞： They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They do

34、n ' t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Doe s Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn' t have a watch.sb be v-ing sth + 其它。2 、現(xiàn)在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進行就使用進行時態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為They' re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music?They aren ' t listening to the pop music.A ）名詞的數(shù)

35、我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和 復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, document

36、ary-documentaries, story-stories2 ）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加 o 的加 es ：如 : tomatoes 西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有： fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有： people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves