英語(yǔ)四級(jí)讀美文【14】

1、Unit 14 Environmental Protection環(huán)境保護(hù)Text 1 Taking Care of the EarthWhat kind of world will our children have to live in? Will they have air to breathe and food to eat? These are among the basic questions that were addressed at the first world meeting on the environment, attended by more than 100 wor

2、ld leaders and 30,000 other scientists, reporters, and concerned citizens.These complex problems can no longer be solved by individual countries；nations of the world must act together if we are to develop answers that will give a safe and healthy world to our children. Will world leaders have the vi

3、sion to make the necessary changes in the laws that protect the environment? The answer is not certain, but there is hope. A number of important problems were examined in the summit conference, all related to quality of life on the planet. As more and more countries become industrialized, air pollut

4、ion from factories and automobiles worsens, causing an increase in disease and medical costs. Many leaders areconcernedabout birth rates because the populations of their countries are growing faster than their economies.Clear water is, of course, another concern for all countries, but very often riv

5、ers and other water sources are threatened by industrial growth, as factories and other large businesses look for ways to dispose of chemical waste matter. Another area where industry and nature must be balanced is in the use of forests, jungles, grasslands, and deserts；government officials argue th

6、at the land is needed for farming, industry, and housing, while environmentalists say that we need to preserve the wild lands.Environmentalists have “graded” the world on environmental problems. They have provided the “report cards” that appear with the maps. Like the report cards that teachers send

7、 home with school children, these give us a better understanding of how we are doing in taking care of the Earth. A addressed B balanced C complex D dispose E graded F preserve G summit H vision I worsens J threatened 關(guān)心地球 我們的后代將必須生活在什么樣的世界里呢?他們會(huì)有空氣呼吸和食物吃嗎?這些在第一屆世界環(huán)境會(huì)議上處于要處理的基本問(wèn)題之列，該會(huì)議有100多位世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和其他

8、的30，000名科學(xué)家、記者及有關(guān)人士參加。這些復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題再也不能夠通過(guò)個(gè)別國(guó)家獨(dú)自來(lái)解決了。如果我們想找到辦法來(lái)為我們的孩子們提供一個(gè)安全而健康的世界，那么世界各國(guó)必須聯(lián)合行動(dòng)。世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)而做出必要的法律變更以保護(hù)環(huán)境嗎?回答不一定是肯定的，但希望是有的。在這次最高級(jí)會(huì)議上詳細(xì)討論了許多重要的問(wèn)題，都與我們?cè)谶@顆星球上的生活質(zhì)量有關(guān)。隨著越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化，由工廠和汽車導(dǎo)致的空氣污染更加嚴(yán)重了，這造成疾病和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的增加。許多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人關(guān)心出生率問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗麄儑?guó)家的人口增長(zhǎng)比經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)更快。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于所有國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，水的凈化是大家關(guān)心的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題，但是因?yàn)楣S和其他大型企業(yè)都在尋找

9、處理化學(xué)廢物的方法，河流和其他水源常常受到工業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的威脅。保持工業(yè)和自然平衡的另一個(gè)方面是對(duì)森林、灌木、草原和沙漠的利用；政府工作人員認(rèn)為農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)和建造住宅都需要土地，而環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者則說(shuō)我們需要保護(hù)原始土地。環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者已經(jīng)按環(huán)境問(wèn)題把世界劃分了等級(jí)。他們提供了帶有“報(bào)告卡”的地圖。就像老師讓小學(xué)生帶回家里的報(bào)告卡一樣，這些報(bào)告卡能使我們更好地理解我們應(yīng)如何關(guān)心地球。難 句 解 析1. These are among the basic questions that were addressed at the first world meeting on the environment,

10、 attended by more than 100 world leaders and 30,000 other scientists, reporters, and concerned citizens.【分析】復(fù)合句。that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the basic questions，attended by.citizens 為過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 the first world meeting。2. As more and more countries become industrialized, air pollution from factories and automobi

11、les worsens, causing an increase in disease and medical costs.【分析】復(fù)合句。As 作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，causing.costs 為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。3. Clear water is, of course, another concern for all countries, but very often rivers and other water sources are threatened by industrial growth, as factories and other larg

12、e businesses look for ways to dispose of chemical waste matter.【分析】并列復(fù)合句。由兩個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的分句構(gòu)成，中間由but連接，第二個(gè)分句中as引導(dǎo)的從句為 very often.growth的原因。下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)紅的高頻詞#09#09高頻詞匯address /59dres/ vt. 向作(正式)講話；對(duì)付，處理；稱呼；寫姓名地址 n. 地址；演說(shuō)【聯(lián)想】把這件衣服 (dress) 送到下面的住址 (address) 【搭配】address sb in Chinese 對(duì)某人用漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)；address the public o

13、n. 就向公眾講話；address her as “Miss Mattie”稱呼她為“瑪?shù)傩〗恪?；deliver an address to a crowd 當(dāng)眾演說(shuō)【活用例句】The headmaster gave an address to welcome everyone to the school concert. 校長(zhǎng)發(fā)表講話，歡迎大家出席學(xué)校音樂(lè)會(huì)。complex* /9k(e7)mpleks/ a. 復(fù)雜的；合成的，綜合的 n. 合成物【詞根】com(一起) plex(折疊)折疊在一起合成的【引申】同義complicated a. 復(fù)雜的，難解的compound a. 復(fù)合的mi

14、xed a. 混合的synthetic a. 合成的，人造的；虛假的反義easy a. 簡(jiǎn)單的simple a. 簡(jiǎn)單的，簡(jiǎn)易的【完形例句】It is an immensely complex process that we take for granted. 我們想當(dāng)然地以為那是個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。06.12vision* /9vIZn/ n. 眼力，看法；幻想；視覺(jué)【詞根】vis(看) ion(名詞后綴)視力【搭配】beyond ones vision 在視野之外，看不見(jiàn)的；have vision of 想象到，幻想【活用例句】It is very important that we hav

15、e leaders with vision. 我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)，這一點(diǎn)很重要。近形version* /9v(ae):SFn/ n. 版本，譯本；說(shuō)法【詞根】vers(turn 轉(zhuǎn)) ion (名詞后綴)轉(zhuǎn)換成別國(guó)語(yǔ)言譯本【引申】同義edition n. 版，版本translation n. 譯文，譯本【閱讀例句】English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. 如果你提交英文的簡(jiǎn)歷，需要知道收件人使用的是英式英語(yǔ)還是美式英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閮烧咧g有很大的差別。06.6 同義edition

16、 /I9dISFn/ n. 版，版本【詞根】來(lái)自 edit(編輯) ion 編輯出來(lái)的材料版本【搭配】the first edition of the book 此書(shū)的第一版【引申】同根edit vt. 編輯；主編editor n. 編輯，編者editorial a. 編輯的；社論的【聽(tīng)力例句】Excuse me. Id like to place an advertisement for a used car in the Sunday edition of your paper.打擾一下，我想在你們報(bào)紙的星期日版上登一則賣舊汽車的廣告。 02.6 summit /9s(f6)mIt/ n.

17、 最高級(jí)會(huì)議；(山等的)最高點(diǎn)，峰頂；極點(diǎn)【聯(lián)想】sum(總) mit(看作 met 碰面)很多老總碰面峰會(huì)【搭配】reach the summit 到達(dá)頂峰【活用例句】The time he was a member of the government was the summit of his lifes work. 在政府為官時(shí)是他事業(yè)的頂峰。同 義 巧 辨 summit, peak都含“最高點(diǎn)”或“頂端”的意思。summit 指“頂點(diǎn)”、“最高處”、“成就的頂峰”，如：talks at the summit 最高級(jí)會(huì)談；peak 指“山中的最高峰”、“山頂”，還可指“程度、數(shù)量、物體等

18、的尖端”，如：the peak output 最高產(chǎn)量。!圖12worsen /9w(ae):sn/ v. 使變壞，惡化【引申】同根worse a. & ad. bad 的比較級(jí) 較差的，更壞的同綴共享 -en 動(dòng)詞后綴 broaden v. 拓寬，使寬widen v. 加寬，擴(kuò)展lighten v. 使輕，減輕【活用例句】Heavy storms worsened the fuel shortage.暴風(fēng)雨使燃料的缺乏狀況更加惡化。threaten* /9Tretn/ vt. 威脅，恐嚇 vi. 構(gòu)成威脅；可能發(fā)生【詞根】來(lái)自 threat(威脅) en(動(dòng)詞后綴)威脅【搭配】thr

19、eaten to do sth 以做某事相威脅；threaten sb with sth 以做某事威脅某人【引申】同根threat n. 恐嚇，威脅，兇兆threatening a. 脅迫的，危險(xiǎn)的同義intimidate vt. 恐嚇，威脅【活用例句】When your love for someone is rejected, in no case should you threaten him / her with death.當(dāng)愛(ài)被拒絕的時(shí)候，千萬(wàn)不要以死相威脅。同義frighten* /9fraItn/ vt. 使驚恐，嚇?！驹~根】來(lái)自 fright(恐怖，驚嚇) en(使)【搭配】

20、frighten . off 把嚇走，嚇跑【引申】同義scare n. 驚恐，恐慌 vt. 嚇，使害怕 vi. 受驚嚇，感到害怕【活用例句】The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldnt loosen her grip on my arm. 小姑娘嚇壞了，她緊緊抓住我的胳膊不放。dispose* /dI9sp5Uz/ vt. 排列；使有利于 vi. 丟掉，除掉；解決【詞根】dis(分開(kāi)) pose(放)分開(kāi)放排列【搭配】dispose of rubbish 清除垃圾；dispose the soldiers for the bat

21、tle 為戰(zhàn)斗布置兵力【引申】同義deal with 處理take order with 安排，處理treat with 處理，應(yīng)付arrange v. 安排，準(zhǔn)備，整理manage vi. 處理，設(shè)法對(duì)付【活用例句】I am still not sure how best to dispose of the shares.我仍不確定怎樣才能最好地處理這些股份。派生disposal* /dI9sp5Uzl/ n. 丟掉，清除；排列，布置【短語(yǔ)】at sbs disposal 任某人處理，供某人使用【活用例句】The sanitation department is in charge of g

22、arbage disposal.環(huán)境衛(wèi)生部門負(fù)責(zé)處理垃圾。balance* /9bl5ns/ v. & n. 平衡【搭配】keep / lose ones balance 保持；失去平衡【活用例句】Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. 庫(kù)克與當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈蜕虡I(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)合作，共同調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的平衡。preserve* /prI9z(ae):v/ vt. 保存，保藏【聯(lián)想】pre(預(yù)先) serve

23、(服務(wù))預(yù)先提供服務(wù)保護(hù)【引申】同義conserve vt. 保存，保藏keep vt. 保持，保存reserve vt. 儲(chǔ)備，保存【活用例句】We want the government to preserve some of the very old buildings in our city. 我們希望政府能夠保護(hù)我們城市里的一些非常古老的建筑物。grade /greId/ vt. 對(duì)進(jìn)行評(píng)分；(將)分等級(jí) n. 等級(jí)，成績(jī)；(學(xué)校的)年級(jí)【搭配】receive a failing grade 得到不及格的分?jǐn)?shù)；a student in the second grade 二年級(jí)學(xué)生【短

24、語(yǔ)】make the grade 達(dá)到規(guī)定目標(biāo)，成功【引申】同義group vt. 把分組mark n. (考試等的)分?jǐn)?shù) vt. 給(試卷等)打分rank vt. 把分等，給評(píng)定等級(jí)rate vt. 給定級(jí)sort vt. 分類【活用例句】These potatoes have been graded according to size and quality. 這些馬鈴薯按大小和質(zhì)量分出等級(jí)。同義classify / 9klsIfaI/ vt. 分類，分等【詞根】class(類別) ify(動(dòng)詞后綴)【搭配】classified advertisements 分類廣告【活用例句】Would

25、 you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?你認(rèn)為她的小說(shuō)屬于嚴(yán)肅文學(xué)類還是屬于通俗讀物類?派生classification / 8klsIfI9keSFn/ n. 分類，分級(jí)；類別，級(jí)別【詞根】來(lái)自 classif(y)(分類，分等) ication(名詞后綴)【搭配】the classification of books in the library圖書(shū)館中書(shū)籍的分類【引申】同根class n. 種類，門類classic a. 一流的classical a. 古典的，經(jīng)典的 【活用例句】It

26、 is helpful to begin with a rough and ready classification.首先進(jìn)行粗略的分類是很有幫助的。下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)黑的常用詞#09#09常用詞匯breathe* /bri:D/ vi. 呼吸 vt. 呼吸；(低聲地)說(shuō)出；表示充滿(感情)，流露【聯(lián)想】要吃面包 (bread) 還要呼吸 (breathe) 才能生存【搭配】breathe in / out 吸進(jìn)；出【活用例句】Her performance breathed wit and charm.她的表演靈巧迷人。conference /9k(e7)nfFr5ns/ n. (正式)會(huì)議

27、；討論，商談【詞根】來(lái)自 confer(商談) ence(名詞后綴)【搭配】hold a conference 舉行大會(huì)【活用例句】The teacher was in conference with parents after school.放學(xué)后教師和家長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了商談。同根confer /k5n9f(ae):(r)/ vi. 商談，商討 vt. (on)授予，賦予【詞根】con(共同) fer(帶，拿)大家都帶來(lái)觀點(diǎn)商談，商議【提示】注意用法：在表示“將某物授予某人”的意思時(shí)，confer的結(jié)構(gòu)是confer sth on sb，不能用雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。如，The principal confer

28、red a medal on him. 校長(zhǎng)授予他一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。同義 consult /k5n9s(f6)lt/ vt. 請(qǐng)教，找商量；查閱 vi. 交換意見(jiàn)，商議【聯(lián)想】不顧侮辱(insult)，不恥請(qǐng)教(consult)，以求結(jié)果(result)【提示】注意不同詞性的用法區(qū)別：consult sb請(qǐng)教某人；consult with sb與某人商議。【活用例句】Shell consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school.是否進(jìn)研究生學(xué)校她還要咨詢Dr. Garcia。05.12disease* /dI9zi:z/ n. 病，疾??；不健全，弊端【

29、詞根】dis(不) ease(安心)身心不安疾病【搭配】acute disease 急性病；chronic disease 慢性病【寫作例句】Thanks to the rapid development of modern medical knowledge and techniques, many diseases which used to be fatal are now no longer threats to public health.由于現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)與技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，許多曾經(jīng)致命的疾病現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再是公眾健康的威脅了。official* /59fIS5l/ n. 官員；高級(jí)職員 a.

30、 官員的，政府的；正式的【搭配】official responsibility 公務(wù)；official statement 官方聲明【引申】同根officer n. 軍官，警官；官員；公務(wù)員；高級(jí)職員office n. 辦公室，辦事處【活用例句】As the old empires were broken up and new states were formed, new official tongues began to spring up at an increasing rate. 舊帝國(guó)被瓦解，新國(guó)家組建起來(lái)，新的官方語(yǔ)言以越來(lái)越快的速度產(chǎn)生。wild* /waIld/ a. 野生的

31、；荒涼的；憤怒的；野蠻的，未馴化的【搭配】go wild 狂怒，狂熱；wild mountains 荒蕪的群山【寫作例句】Judging by the figures, we know it is not that many wild animals became extinct themselves.從上述數(shù)字我們可以了解到，許多野生動(dòng)物并非是自己滅亡的。反義tame* /teIm/ a. 馴服的，溫順的；沉悶的 vt. 制服；馴服【聯(lián)想】時(shí)間(time)太長(zhǎng)容易讓人感覺(jué)乏味(tame)【搭配】mans attempts to tame the elements人類控制自然力的嘗試?！净钣美?/p>

32、句】Tame elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers. 在很多方面，包括性情，馴養(yǎng)的大象和野生的大象都不一樣。Text 2 Causes of Environmental Crisis We should also know that “greed”has little to do with the environmental crisis. The two main causes are population pressures, especially the p

33、ressures of large metropolitan (大都市的) populations, and the desire a highly commendable one to bring a decent living at the lowest possible cost to the largest possible number of people.The environmental crisis is the result of success success in cutting down the mortality(死亡率) of infants (which has

34、given us the population explosion), success in raising farm output sufficiently to prevent mass famine (which has given us contamination by pesticides and chemical fertilizers), success in getting people out of the tenements (房屋) of the 19th-century city and into the greenery(溫室) and privacy of the

35、single-family home in the suburbs (which has given us urban sprawl and traffic jams). The environmental crisis, in other words, is largely the result of doing too much of the right sort of thing.To overcome the problems that success always creates, one must build on it. But where to start? Cleaning

36、up the environment requires determined, sustained effort with clear targets and deadlines. It requires, above all, concentration of effort. Up to now we have tried to do a little bit of everything and tried to do it in the headlines when what we ought to do first is to draw up a list of priorities.A

37、 causes B crisis C deadlines D decent E output F overcome Gpriorities H sustained I contamination 引發(fā)環(huán)境危機(jī)的原因我們應(yīng)該也知道“貪婪”與環(huán)境危機(jī)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。兩個(gè)主要的原因是人口壓力，特別是大都市的人口壓力和那種愿望一種非常值得贊揚(yáng)的愿望讓最大可能數(shù)量的人們以最小可能的花費(fèi)過(guò)上像樣的生活。環(huán)境危機(jī)是成功的結(jié)果成功降低了嬰兒的死亡率(這給我們帶來(lái)了人口激增)，成功提高了農(nóng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)量，充分地預(yù)防了大面積饑荒(但也通過(guò)使用殺蟲(chóng)劑和化學(xué)肥料給我們帶來(lái)了污染)，成功地使人們從19世紀(jì)多戶合租公寓中走出，進(jìn)入溫暖

38、的、獨(dú)處的郊區(qū)私人家庭住宅(這給我們帶來(lái)了郊區(qū)的無(wú)計(jì)劃擴(kuò)張和交通擁擠)。換句話說(shuō)，環(huán)境危機(jī)就是因?yàn)檫@樣的事情做得太多了。要克服成功總會(huì)帶來(lái)的一些問(wèn)題，我們還必須依靠它。但從哪里開(kāi)始呢?凈化環(huán)境需要堅(jiān)決的、持續(xù)的努力，有明確目標(biāo)并規(guī)定最終期限。最重要的是我們要集中精力。到目前為止，對(duì)每件事情我們都試著做了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)并試圖作為關(guān)鍵行動(dòng)而做而我們首先應(yīng)該做的就是草擬一個(gè)優(yōu)先順序表。難 句 解 析 1. The two main causes are population pressures, especially the pressures of large metropolitan populatio

39、ns, and the desire a highly commendable one to bring a decent living at the lowest possible cost to the largest possible number of people.【分析】簡(jiǎn)單句。especially.populations 作狀語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)破折號(hào)后邊的部分對(duì)desire起修飾作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which is a highly commendable one，第二個(gè)破折號(hào)后邊是對(duì)desire 的解釋說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于desire 的具體內(nèi)容。2. The environmental

40、crisis is the result of success success in cutting down the mortality of infants (which has given us the population explosion), success in raising farm output sufficiently to prevent mass famine (which has given us contamination by pesticides and chemical fertilizers), success in getting people out

41、of the tenements of the 19th-century city and into the greenery and privacy of the single-family home in the suburbs (which has given us urban sprawl and traffic jams).【分析】多重復(fù)合句。破折號(hào)后邊的部分是對(duì) the result of success 的解釋說(shuō)明，括號(hào)中的三個(gè)由 which 引導(dǎo)的句子都是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾其前邊的句子。3. To overcome the problems that success a

42、lways creates, one must build on it.【分析】復(fù)合句。To overcome the problems 為不定式表目的，that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 problems。下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)紅的高頻詞#09#09高頻詞匯crisis* /9kraIsIs/ n. pl. crises危機(jī)，危險(xiǎn)期【聯(lián)想】cri(看作 cry 哭) sis(看作 sos 求救信號(hào))哭喊著發(fā)求救信號(hào)危機(jī)【搭配】at a crisis 在緊急關(guān)頭；come to a crisis 陷入危機(jī)；face a crisis 面臨危局；pass a crisis 渡過(guò)危機(jī)，脫離危險(xiǎn)期【引申】同義e

43、mergency n. 緊急情況，突然事件【活用例句】Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company last week because of the economic crisis.雖然他是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人，但是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，他被公司解雇了。cause* / kO:z/ n. 原因；事業(yè)，目標(biāo) vt. 引起；使遭受【引申】同義reason n. 理由，原因反義consequence n. 結(jié)果effect n. 結(jié)果outcome n. 結(jié)果，成果result n. 結(jié)果, 成效【閱讀例句】Decades ago, there wer

44、e only a limited number of drugs available, and many of them caused significant side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue.幾十年以前，可用的藥物比較少，而且許多藥給老年人帶來(lái)很強(qiáng)的副作用，如：暈眩、疲勞。07.6decent /9di:snt/ a. 像樣的，體面的；寬厚的；正派的【聯(lián)想】de(離開(kāi)) cent(分幣)離開(kāi)分幣，不計(jì)較錢大方的【搭配】a decent salary 一份相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的薪水；a decent house 一所

45、像樣的房子【寫作例句】In addition to genes, intelligence also depends on adequate nutrition, a good education and a decent home environment. 除基因以外，智力還依賴于足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、良好的教育以及相當(dāng)好的家庭環(huán)境。output* /9aUtpUt/ n. 產(chǎn)量；輸出，輸出功率 vt. 輸出(信息、數(shù)據(jù)等)【詞根】來(lái)自短語(yǔ) put out(產(chǎn)生)【搭配】an output device 輸出裝置；an output of 100 watts 功率100瓦【引申】反義input n.

46、輸入，輸入物，輸入的數(shù)據(jù) vt. 把輸入計(jì)算機(jī)【活用例句】Due to low investment, this country ranks last in industrial output.由于投資少，這個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)排名最后。contamination /k5n8tmI9neISFn/ n. 污染，弄臟【詞根】是contaminate的名詞形式【活用例句】The major problem in fabrication is the control of contamination and foreign materials. 制造中的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題是如何控制沾染和雜質(zhì)。同根contam

47、inate /k5n9tmIneIt/ vt. 弄臟，污染【聯(lián)想】統(tǒng)治(dominate) 者的奢侈照明(illuminate)設(shè)施污染(contaminate)環(huán)境【活用例句】They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these ideas. 他們這些思想是對(duì)我們年輕人的精神污染。overcome* /85Uv59k(f6)m/ vt. 戰(zhàn)勝，克服；(感情等)壓倒，使受不了【詞根】來(lái)自短語(yǔ) come over(戰(zhàn)勝，支配)【搭配】be overcome with / by . 被壓倒，被制服【引申】同義conquer

48、vt. 攻克；克服defeat vt. 擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝drive off擊退frustrate vt. 挫敗，阻撓反義submit v. (使)服從，(使)順從【寫作例句】As long as you make up your mind to achieve success, there is really no barrier that cannot be overcome. 只要下定決心取得成功，就沒(méi)有不能克服的困難。同義frustrate /fr(f6)9streIt/ vt. 使沮喪，使灰心；挫敗，使受挫折【聯(lián)想】frust(生銹)rate(把列為)生銹了列為不合格當(dāng)然使人沮喪了【活用例句

49、】Bad weather has frustrated plans to launch the spacecraft today.今日發(fā)射宇宙飛船的計(jì)劃因天氣惡劣而落空。sustain* /s59steIn/ vt. 保持；供養(yǎng)，維持；支撐；遭受【詞根】sus(=under) tain(hold 抓住)從下面握住支持，支撐【搭配】sustain the enthusiasm 保持熱情；sustain economic growth保持經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)【引申】同義retain vt. 保持：retain water 保持水分maintain vt. 保持，維持：maintain good relati

50、ons 維持良好的關(guān)系【閱讀例句】For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research university model. 盡管美國(guó)研究型大學(xué)的模式運(yùn)作較為成功，但其走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路卻依然顧慮重重。07.12deadline /9dedlaIn/ n. 最后時(shí)間，期限時(shí)間【構(gòu)詞】dead(死) line(線)死期最后期限【搭配】meet the deadline 在最后期限之前【引申】近形headline n. 書(shū)刊 (尤指報(bào)紙) 頁(yè)首的大字標(biāo)題：the head

51、lines新聞內(nèi)容提要【閱讀例句】Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. 很有可能，你會(huì)相信這比你實(shí)際用的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)，最終期限臨近，你就會(huì)結(jié)束盯著紙茫然。07.6priority* /praI9(e7)r5tI/ n. 優(yōu)先考慮的事；優(yōu)先權(quán)【詞根】來(lái)自 prior(優(yōu)先的，在前的) ity(名詞后綴)優(yōu)先權(quán)【搭配】take

52、 priority over . 比優(yōu)先；give priority to.(= give preference to，其中 to 為介詞) 優(yōu)先考慮；top priority 當(dāng)務(wù)之急；enjoy priority 享有優(yōu)先權(quán)【活用例句】The renowned professor is always fully engaged, he therefore made up his schedule in order of priority. 這位著名教授總是忙得脫不開(kāi)身，因此他按照所要處理事務(wù)的優(yōu)先程度來(lái)安排他的日程表。同根prior /9praI5(r)/ a. 優(yōu)先的，在前的【詞根】pr

53、i(第一)or排在第一的在前的【提示】注意與之搭配的介詞是to，如：Prior to his appointment as secretary of state, Kissinger was a professor of government and international affairs at Harvard.基辛格在任國(guó)務(wù)卿之前，是哈佛大學(xué)一名政府及國(guó)際事務(wù)專業(yè)的教授。下面我們學(xué)習(xí)文中標(biāo)黑的常用詞#09#09常用詞匯greed /gri:d/ n. 貪婪，貪心；貪吃【聯(lián)想】綠色的(green)吸血鬼很貪婪(greedy)【引申】派生greedy a. 貪食的，嘴饞的；貪婪的，貪心的；渴

54、望的【活用例句】His actions were motivated by greed. 他的所作所為是貪婪之心驅(qū)使的。bring* /brI(ce)/ vt. (brought, brought)拿來(lái)，取來(lái)；引起，促使；說(shuō)服；使發(fā)生，使處于某種狀態(tài)【短語(yǔ)】bring about (a war) 發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致，引起(一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))；bring down (an enemy fighter, price)擊落(一架敵機(jī))，降低(價(jià)格)；bring forth (fruit)結(jié)出(果實(shí))，引起，產(chǎn)生；bring forward (new proof)提出(新證據(jù))，提前；bring into being

55、 使形成；bring out (sbs interest, the latest novel)激起(某人的興趣)，使顯出，出版(最新小說(shuō))；bring (the patient) through 使(病人)脫險(xiǎn)，使安全度過(guò)；bring to 使恢復(fù)知覺(jué)；bring . home to 使清楚，使明白 【閱讀例句】He points out that bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. 他指出，提出先和父母接觸，會(huì)使孩子感覺(jué)被忽略，這就會(huì)產(chǎn)生

56、問(wèn)題。08.12mass* /ms/ n. 團(tuán)，眾多； pl. 群眾；(物體的)質(zhì)量 a. 大量的；大規(guī)模的 v. 聚集【聯(lián)想】和 less(小的)相反【搭配】be a mass of flowers 花團(tuán)錦簇；suppress dissatisfaction among the masses 壓制群眾的不滿情緒；mass production 批量生產(chǎn)【引申】同根massive a. 大而重的，大塊的；大量的，大規(guī)模的【活用例句】Dark clouds massed on the horizon. 天邊黑云密布。build* /bIld/ vt. (built， built)建造，修建；建立

57、，創(chuàng)立 vi. 向頂點(diǎn)發(fā)展，增長(zhǎng) n. 體型，體格【短語(yǔ)】build into (a wall) 使固定于(墻上)，使成為的一部分；build (ones hope) upon 把(希望)建立于；build up (a library)逐步建立(一個(gè)圖書(shū)館)；增進(jìn)，增強(qiáng)；逐漸積聚，集結(jié)【活用例句】Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers.直投是一種與消費(fèi)者建立直接聯(lián)系的有效手段。08.6 同義construct* /k5n9str(f6)kt/ v. 建設(shè)，建造；對(duì)進(jìn)行構(gòu)思【詞根】con(加強(qiáng)) struc