大學英語精讀第2冊 第1課 課文及課后答案

1、UNIT1TEXT這是一篇幽默的散文。但是在你讀完文章這后你將會十分確定地發(fā)現(xiàn)作者是在非常嚴肅的寫這篇文章。在地球上有生命嗎? 阿特.布奇沃德這是金星這周最令人激動的事情。金星的科學家首次成功發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星到地球，并且它到達以后一直送回信號和照片。人造衛(wèi)星被指引到一個名叫曼哈頓的地區(qū)，(以金星偉大的天文學家-曼哈頓教授命名，他在20000光年以前首次通過望遠鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方)。因為非常好的天氣情況和非常強的信號，金星人科學家能夠得到非常有價值的信息關(guān)于載人飛碟登上地球的可能性。一次新聞發(fā)布會在金星的技術(shù)協(xié)會舉行。“我們已經(jīng)得出了結(jié)論,以上周的人造衛(wèi)星登陸為基礎,”佐格教授說,“在地球上沒有生

2、命?！薄澳侨绾沃肋@件事情的？”金星晚報的科學記者問道。“首先，曼哈頓地區(qū)的地面由堅硬的混凝土構(gòu)成，沒有任何東西能在那里生長。其次，地球的大氣充滿了一氧化碳和其他有害的氣體。沒有什么人呼吸這種空氣還能存活?！薄皩ξ覀兊娘w碟計劃這意味著什么呢？”“我們將自己攜帶氧氣，它意味著飛碟要比我最初計劃的要重很多?！薄霸谀难芯恐心€發(fā)現(xiàn)其它的危險了嗎？”“看這張照片。你可以看到黑色的云層盤旋在地球的表面。我們叫它聯(lián)合愛迪生云層。我們并不知道它是如何產(chǎn)生的，但是它給我們再來很多麻煩，我們必須做進一步的測試在我們從金星出發(fā)之前?！薄霸谶@里你將注意到這似乎是一條河，但是人造衛(wèi)星發(fā)現(xiàn)它已經(jīng)被污染了并且水不能被

3、飲用。這意味我們不得不自己攜帶水，這會更加增加飛碟的重量。”“先生，在照片上那些所有的小黑點是什么呢？”“我們不能確定。它們看起來是由金屬制成了，并沿著一定的軌跡運行。它們排放出廢氣，噪音并且不斷地撞向?qū)Ψ健Ｔ谠S多的路上都有很多的金屬制成的物品，當飛碟著陸時保證它不被其中一個撞到是不可能完成的事情?！薄澳切┫袷S的突出物是什么呢？”“它們是某種會在晚上發(fā)光的花崗巖的形成物?！备衤迥方淌谡f,從他們看起來快擦到藍天了就把它們命名為摩天大樓。“如果您說的這些都是真的，那是不是意味著我們的人造衛(wèi)星項目會耽擱幾年呢？”“是的，一旦獲得額外的資金我們就會繼續(xù)進行。”“佐格教授，為什么當確定地球沒有生命時我

4、們還要花費幾十億的錢來讓飛碟登陸地球上呢？”“因為如果我們金星人能可學會在地球的大氣中呼吸，那么我們將可以生活在世界上任何一個地方?！盜t is a humorous essay. But after reading it you will surely find that the author is you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.Is There Life on Earth? Art BuchwaldThere was great excitement on the planet of V

5、enus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who fi

6、rst discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago.)Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Inst

7、itute of Technology."We have come to the conclusion, based on last week's satellite landing," Prof, Zog said, "that there is no life on Earth.""How do you know this?" the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked."For one thing, Earth's surface in th

8、e area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.""What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?&quo

9、t;"We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned.""Are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studies?""Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering over the surface of Eart

10、h? We call this the Consolidated Edison Belt. We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there.""Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicate it

11、is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer.""Sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs?""We're not certain. They seem to be metal particles that move along ce

12、rtain paths. They emit gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other. There are so many of these paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one.""What are those stalagmite projections sticking up?""They'r

13、e some type of granite formations that give off light at night. Prof. Glom has named them skyscrapers since they seem to be scraping the skies.""If all you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?""Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grub

14、start gives us he added funds.""Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there?""Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in an Earth atmosphere, them we can live anywhere."NEW WORDSHumorous a.

15、 funny; that makes people laugh 幽默的a.1. 幽默的,詼諧的;滑稽的,可笑的They were imaginative, quick, and humorous.他們富有想像力,反應快且富于幽默感。Humor n.n.1. 幽默感U2. 幽默UHumor is often more than a laughing matter.幽默常常不只是一笑了之的事。He has a good sense of humor.他富于幽默感。3. 心情,情緒SThe boss is in no humor to talk to you right now.此刻老板沒有心情同你

16、說話。4. 氣質(zhì),性情Uvt.1. 迎合;遷就It's not always wise to humor a small child.遷就小孩子不總是明智的。Essay n. 散文，隨筆n.C1. 論說文;散文,隨筆,小品文(+on/about)The professor wrote an essay on Homer.這位教授寫了一篇關(guān)于荷馬的文章。Excitement n. the state or quality of being excitedn.1. 刺激;興奮,激動UThe baby's first step caused great excitement in t

17、he family.嬰兒邁出了第一步使全家大為興奮。2. 令人興奮的事;刺激的因素CThe visiting circus was an excitement to every child in town.馬戲團的到來使鎮(zhèn)上每個孩子都感到興奮。Planet n. large body in space that moves round a star, esp. round the sun 行星n.1. 行星CThe planets move around the sun.行星繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Venusian a. of or having to do with the planet Venus 金

18、星的 n. supposed Venus being 金星人a.1. 金星的n.1. 想像中的金星人Satellite n. spacecraft that goes round the planet earth and sends back radio and television signals; heavenly body that goes round a planet （人造）衛(wèi)星n.C1. 【天】衛(wèi)星The number of known satellites in the solar system rose to 32.太陽系里已知的衛(wèi)星數(shù)量增加到三十二個。2. 人造衛(wèi)星The

19、space shuttle orbited a communications satellite.航天飛機將一顆通訊衛(wèi)星送入軌道。3. 隨從,追隨者,諂媚者Three thousand armed satellites escorted his steps.三千名武裝隨從緊跟其后。4. 衛(wèi)星國家,附庸國家The former Russian satellites now turn to the West for help.從前俄國的衛(wèi)星國現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向西方要求援助。5. 衛(wèi)星城鎮(zhèn);衛(wèi)星組織The party consolidates its power by building up satellit

20、e organizations.這個黨通過建立衛(wèi)星組織鞏固它的權(quán)力。Signal n. 信號，暗號n.C1. 信號;暗號+to-v+thatA red lamp is used as a danger signal.紅燈用作危險信號。2. 信號器;交通指示燈;【鐵】信號機The train must stop when the signal's red.信號機是紅色時,火車必須停駛。Astronomer n. person who studies the science of the sun, moon, stars and planets 天文學家n.1. 天文學家CTelescop

21、e n. instrument with special glasses used for seeing distant thingsn.C1. (單筒)望遠鏡He looked through his telescope at the approaching ship.他透過望遠鏡看著駛近的輪船。2. 縮疊式旅行袋Extremely ad. very 極端，非常ad.1. 極端地;極其;非常We got on extremely well.我們相處得極好。I am extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。This is an extremely difficult task.這是一項極其

22、困難的任務。Extremea.1. 末端的,盡頭的ZBThere's a Chinese restaurant at the extreme end of the street.在這條街的盡頭有一家中國餐館。2. 極端的,極度的;最大的ZBYour invitation gave him extreme joy.你的邀請使他高興極了。The took extreme measures to conserve fuel.他們采取極端的手段節(jié)約燃料。3. 急進的;激烈的;狂熱的;偏激的Extreme conservatives were purged from the political

23、organization.極端保守分子被清洗出那個政治組織。Feasibility n. possibility of being carried out or done 可行性n.1. 可行性;可能性Feasible a.a.1. 可行的;可實行的+to-vIt was not feasible to build a bridge at that point.在那個地點造橋是不可行的。That is a feasible scheme.那是一個可行的方案。2. 可能的;合理的This is a feasible story.這事情是可能的。3. 可用的;合適的(+for)This land

24、is feasible for cultivation.這塊地適合耕作。Manned a. Occupied by one or more persons 載人的a.1. 由人操縱的;由人駕駛的;載人的Saucer n. 淺碟；茶托n.C1. 茶托;淺碟She offered me tea in her best cup and saucer.她用她最好的茶杯和茶碟請我用茶。2. (放花盆的)墊盤3. 淺碟形物Flying saucer n. 飛碟Conference n. Meetingn.1. (正式)會議;討論會,協(xié)商會C(+on)I attended a conference on d

25、isarmament last week.我上周參加了一個裁軍會議。2. 討論,會談US1(+with)The teacher was in conference with parents after school.放學后教師和家長進行了商談。Press conference n. meeting arranged by an important person to which news reporters are invited to listen to a statement or ask questions 記者招待會Technology n. 技術(shù)n.1. 工藝學;工藝,技術(shù)CUMan

26、y people call the age we live in the age of technology.許多人把我們生活的時代叫做工業(yè)技術(shù)時代。2. 術(shù)語,專門語UConclusion n. decision or opinion reached by reasoning 結(jié)論n.1. 結(jié)論;推論;決定C+thatThey drew different conclusions from the facts.他們從這些事實中引出了不同的結(jié)論。2. 結(jié)尾,結(jié)局C3. 終結(jié),結(jié)束USThe debate did not come to a conclusion until midnight.辯

27、論直到午夜才結(jié)束。4. (條約等的)締結(jié);(買賣等的)議定U(+of)The conclusion of this agreement is in the interests of both sides.簽訂這份合同對雙方都有好處。Conclude v.vt.1. 結(jié)束(+by/with)We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.我們九點鐘結(jié)束了會議。2. 推斷出,斷定WY+thatWhat can you conclude from these observations?你從這些觀察中能得出什么結(jié)論?3. 締結(jié)(條約)(+with)4. (最后)決定

28、(為)+to-v+thatHe concluded that he would wait a little longer.他決定再等一會兒。He concluded to quit on pay day.他決定在發(fā)薪水這天辭職。vi.1. 結(jié)束,終了(+with)The meeting concluded after two hours.兩小時后會議結(jié)束了。Reporter n. person who gathers news for a newspaper, magazine, or radio or TV station 記者n.C1. 報告人,申報人The reporter was in

29、terrogated again.申報人又被訊問了一次。2. 記者;通訊員He became a reporter for the Herald Tribune.他成為先驅(qū)論壇報的記者。Compose vt. make up, form 組成，構(gòu)成Vt.組成,構(gòu)成H(+of)Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氫和氧組成的。1. 作(詩,曲等);構(gòu)(圖)He spent his spare time composing poetry.他用空余時間寫詩。2. 使安定,使平靜,使鎮(zhèn)靜She composed herself to answer t

30、he letters.她靜下心來寫回信。Concrete n. building material made by mixing cement with sand, small stones and water 混凝土n.U 1. 具體物2. 混凝土;凝結(jié)物These buildings are made of concrete and steel.這些房屋是用鋼和混凝土建成的。Atmosphere n. all the gases round the earth; air in a place 大氣，空氣n.1. 大氣the S2. (某特定場所的)空氣SThe atmosphere of

31、the city is very much polluted.那個城市的空氣受到嚴重污染。3. 氣氛S1The talk was conducted in a cordial atmosphere.會談是在熱情友好的氣氛中進行的。4. 情趣;魅力UThe ancient palace has a lot of atmosphere.這座古老的宮殿很有魅力。Carbon n. 碳Monoxide n. 一氧化物Deadly a. causing death; likely to cause death 致命的a.1. 致命的,致死的;毒性的This is a deadly poison.這是一種

32、致命的毒藥。2. 不共戴天的;殊死的BHe is my deadly enemy.他是我的死敵。3. 死一般的BThere was deadly silence in the valley.山谷里死一般的沉寂。4. 【口】非常的,極度的Bdeadly dullness極度的沉悶5. 【口】非常無聊的,令人厭煩的Our maths classes are pretty deadly.我們的數(shù)學課非?？菰?。Gas n. 氣體n.1. 氣體UCThere are several kinds of gas in the air.空氣中有幾種氣體。2. 【礦】瓦斯U3. 可燃氣;煤氣;沼氣UGas is

33、 now widely used for cooking and heating.現(xiàn)在普遍用煤氣燒飯,取暖。Survive vi. remain alive; continue to live or exist 活下來；幸存 vt. Remain alive after; live longer than 經(jīng)歷.后還活著；比.活得長vt.1. 在.之后仍然生存,從.中逃生Only two passengers survived the air-crash.這次飛機失事只有兩名乘客幸免于死。2. 比.活得長;喪失(配偶,親人等)She survived her husband by twenty

34、 years.她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。vi.1. 活下來,幸存;殘留(+on)Few survived after the flood.洪水后極少有人生還。Survival n. n.1. 幸存;殘存U2. 幸存者;殘存物CThe old man is a survival of the past age.這老人乃上一個時代的遺老。Program n. plan of what is to be done 計劃n.C1. 節(jié)目單;程序表The last item on the program was a grand display of fireworks.最后一項節(jié)目是大型煙火表演。2.

35、 節(jié)目,表演,演出What is your favorite television program?你最喜愛的電視節(jié)目是什么?3. 計劃;方案;程序What is the program for tomorrow?明天計劃做什么?4. (政黨的)綱領(lǐng)5. (教學)大綱;課程This college offers an excellent art program.這所大學藝術(shù)課程極佳。Concern vt. be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 涉及，關(guān)系到vt.W1. (不用被動語態(tài))關(guān)于2. 涉及,關(guān)系到;影響到The lett

36、er is chiefly concerned with export commodities.這封信主要是關(guān)于出口商品的。The news concerns your brother.這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。3. 使擔心;使不安H(+about/for)The boy's poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。He is concerned for her safety.他擔心她的安全。4. 使關(guān)心H(+about/with)He was very concerned about her.他對她非常關(guān)心。Oxygen n

37、. 氧，氧氣Originally ad. formerly 起初，原來ad.1. 起初,原來It was originally a toy factory.那原來是一家玩具工廠。Original a.a.1. 最初的,本來的;原始的ZBThe original price of the car was a bit too high.這輛汽車的原價太高了一點。2. 有獨創(chuàng)性的;新穎的;奇特的He is an original dramatist.他是個有獨創(chuàng)性的劇作家。3. 原作的;原本的BThis is an original painting by Picasso.這是一幅畢加索的原作。Ha

38、zard n. Dangern.1. 危險;危害物;危險之源C(+to)A soldier's life is full of hazards.士兵的生活充滿了危險。Hover vi. stay in or near one place in the air 盤旋vi.1. (鳥等)盤旋;(直升飛機)停留在空中The helicopter hovered over the house.直升飛機停留在那房子上空。2. 徘徊;停留The dogs hovered around me while I was fixing their dinner.我給狗兒們弄吃的時候它們圍著我轉(zhuǎn)。3. 猶豫

39、,彷徨(+between)She is hovering between life and death.她在生死之間徘徊。Consolidated a. united; combined 聯(lián)合的Consolidate vt.vt.1. 合并,聯(lián)合,統(tǒng)一The government hoped to consolidate ten states to form three new ones.政府希望把十個州合并成三個新的州。2. 鞏固,加強The troops consolidated their position.部隊鞏固了陣地。Belt n. area that has some speci

40、al quality; zone (地)帶(常大寫)地帶,地區(qū)Iowa is in the corn belt.衣阿華州地處玉米帶。the Cotton Belt棉花地帶Indicate vt. show vt.1. 指示;指出+(that)+wh-The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.電梯上方的燈指示那時電梯在十五樓。2. 表明;象征;暗示+(that)+wh-His hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的猶豫表明不愿

41、意。Indication n. n.1. 指示;指點;表示U(+of)This map gives no indication of the heights of the hills.這張地圖沒有標出這些山的高度。2. 征兆;跡象;暗示CU(+of)+thatThere are indications that the weather is changing.有好些跡象顯示天氣要變了。3. 【礦】【美】有開采價值的跡象C4. 指示器讀數(shù)The speedometer indication was 45 miles.速度計讀數(shù)是四十五英里。Pollute vt. make (air, water

42、, soil, etc) dirty with manmade waste 污染vt.1. 污染,弄臟Garbage pollutes our rivers and lakes.垃圾污染我們的河川湖泊。2. 玷污,敗壞Our store never sells books which pollute the mind.我們書店從不出售污染心靈的書籍。Pollution n.n.U1. 污染W(wǎng)e have freed the lake from pollution.我們已經(jīng)清除了該湖的污染。2. 污染物;污染地區(qū)She was horrified by all the pollution on

43、the beach.她對海灘上的污染感到震驚。Unfit a. not good enough; not suitablea.1. 不相宜的,不合適的;不勝任的(+for)+to-vPhil is clearly unfit to hold a senior position.菲爾顯然不能勝任高級職務。This meat is unfit for human consumption.這種肉人不宜食用。2. (身體上)不強健的He was rejected as medically unfit.他因健康不合格而遭淘汰Particle n. 粒子，微粒n.C1. 微粒;顆粒(+of)Particl

44、es of dirt settled on the tablecloth.塵埃落在臺布上。2. 極小量(+of)There is not a particle of truth in his report.他的報告沒有一點真實性。3. (物)粒子,質(zhì)點He is studying the properties of these particles.他在研究這些粒子的性質(zhì)。Emit vt. send out 散發(fā)，射出vt.1. 散發(fā),放射;發(fā)出The chimney emitted thick smoke into the air.煙囪向空中散發(fā)出濃煙。2. 發(fā)表(意見等);發(fā)出聲音John

45、emitted a few curses.約翰發(fā)出幾聲詛咒。3. 發(fā)行(紙幣等);投放Emission n.Crash v. fall or strike suddenly, violently and noisily 墜落，猛撞vi.1. (發(fā)出猛烈聲音地)碰撞,倒下,墜落The motorcycle crashed into the fence.摩托車猛地撞在圍欄上。2. (飛機等)墜毀,撞壞An airliner crashed west of Denver last night.昨夜一架客機在丹佛西邊墜毀。3. (發(fā)出很響聲音地)沖,闖Q4. 發(fā)出撞擊聲,發(fā)出爆裂聲Listen to

46、the thunder crash.聽劈雷發(fā)出的巨響。5. 失敗;垮臺;破產(chǎn)His company crashed last year.他的公司去年破產(chǎn)了。6. 【俚】(免費)宿夜;睡I'd crashed Friday afternoon - I hadn't completely recovered from the infection.我星期五下午昏睡過去了,我發(fā)炎還沒完全恢復過來。7. 【電腦】死機The PC just crashed.那部個人電腦剛死機了。vt.1. (發(fā)出猛烈聲音地)撞擊,砸碎2. 使(飛機等)墜毀,使(飛機等)撞壞3. (發(fā)出很響聲音地)沖,闖O

47、They crashed their tanks through the railings.他們開著坦克嘩啦一聲沖過圍欄。4. 【口】無票進入(會場等),闖入5. 【電腦】死機X crashed the system.X把那個系統(tǒng)搞得死機了。Smash v. (cause to) break into pieces violently （使）碎裂vt.1. 粉碎;打碎,打破(+up)He got drunk and began to smash things.他喝醉了并開始砸東西。2. 擊潰,擊毀Our artillery smashed the enemy defenses.我們的炮兵摧毀了

48、敵人的防御工事。3. 猛擲;揮(拳等)OHe smashed his fist against the table.他揮拳猛擊桌子。4. 【口】使破產(chǎn)5. 【網(wǎng)】打高壓球得(分),猛扣(球)vi.1. 碎裂The cup dropped on the floor and smashed into pieces.杯子掉在地上,摔得粉碎。2. 猛撞,猛沖QThe car smashed into a wall.汽車猛撞到墻上。3. 破產(chǎn);瓦解,垮掉(+up)Many small businesses smashed up during the slump.許多小企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟衰退時破了產(chǎn)。4. 【網(wǎng)】

49、打高壓球,扣球Stalagmite n. 石筍Projection n. that stands out from a surface 凸出物Project v. vt.1. 計劃;規(guī)劃The government projected a tax decrease.政府計劃降低稅收。2. 投擲,發(fā)射,噴射(+at/into)The fountain projects a stream of water.噴泉噴出一股水。3. 投射(光線等);映(+on/onto)They were delighted to see their holiday slides projected on a scre

50、en.他們高興地看到他們度假的幻燈片在屏幕上放映出來。4. 突出;使凸出5. 闡述;表明.的特性,使呈現(xiàn)特性He had projected himself as a reformer in the presidential campaign.他在總統(tǒng)競選中曾以改革者的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)。6. 預計,推斷Can you project our sales in the coming year?你能預測我們來年的銷售情況嗎?7. 【心】把(自己的感情等)投射給(別人)(+on/upon/onto)vi.1. 突出,伸出(+from/into)Nails that project from the wall

51、 may tear your clothes.墻上突出的釘子會撕破你的衣服的。Type n. a particular kind, class or group 類型，種類n.1. 類型,型式,樣式C(+of)What type of house would you prefer to live in?你喜愛住哪一類房子?2. 典型;榜樣CHe is a perfect type of pedant.他是個十足的書呆子典型。Granite n. hard grey stone sued for building 花崗巖n.U1. 花崗巖,花崗石2. 堅毅;冷酷無情He was a despot

52、 with a heart of granite.他是個鐵石心腸的暴君。Formation n. that is formed; way in which is formed 形成（物）n.1. 形成,構(gòu)成,組成Uthe formation of one's character性格的形成2. 構(gòu)成物;形態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)CUClouds are formations of condensed water vapor.云是水汽凝聚而成。3. 隊形;陣式UCThey marched in parade formation.他們以列隊的陣式行進。Skyscraper n. very tall building 摩天大樓n.C1. 摩天樓,超高層大樓The skyscrapers block our view.摩天大樓擋住了我們的視線。Scrape vt. rub with rough or sharp 刮，擦vt.1. 刮,擦;括(或擦)干凈He scraped the potatoes before frying.他炸馬鈴薯前先將馬鈴薯刮皮。2. 刮落,擦去,削掉O(+off/away/out)He scraped the paint from the surface.他