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1、Direct speech 直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語& indirect speech直接引語與間接引語直接引語與間接引語引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式:引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式: 一種是直接引語(一種是直接引語(direct speech), 即即原封不動地引原封不動地引用原話,把原話放在引號內(nèi)用原話,把原話放在引號內(nèi);一種是間接引語(一種是間接引語(indirect speech),即用自己的話,即用自己的話加以加以轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號內(nèi)。I am smart.he was smart.He saidWhat did he say

2、 ?I can fly.it could fly. It saidWhat did it say ?“I am playing football.”He saidhe was playing football.What did he say ?He saidthe earth moves around the sun.The earth moves around the sun.What did he say ?為什么?此句沒有變時態(tài)?因為它為什么?此句沒有變時態(tài)?因為它描述的是客觀事實真理描述的是客觀事實真理,經(jīng)得住時間考驗經(jīng)得住時間考驗 ,故不變化故不變化“I finished my ho

3、mework two days ago.” She saidshe had finished her homework two days before .What did he say ?I will go shopping tomorrow.she would go shopping the next day.She saidWhat did she say ?陳述句陳述句“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語Anne said that she didnt want

4、 to set down a series of facts in a diary.1.Sb said位置變化位置變化2.加加that引導(dǎo)后面的賓語從句引導(dǎo)后面的賓語從句3.人稱的變化人稱的變化4.時態(tài)的變化時態(tài)的變化whether/if we liked singing.“Do you like singing?”He askedWhat did he say ?間接引用別人的一般疑問句時間接引用別人的一般疑問句時要做相應(yīng)變化要做相應(yīng)變化 1 say 變變 ask 2要添加要添加if/weather 。 3句子變句子變陳述句語序陳述句語序Attention He said ,“can you

5、 speak a little English ?”He asked if I could speak a little English一般疑問句一般疑問句直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語“Does a friend always have to be a person?”the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.一般疑問句一般疑問句直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語Does a friend always have to be a person? the writer asked us

6、.The writer asked us if a friend always had to be a person.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語“What do you call your diary?” Annes sister asked her.Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.小結(jié)小結(jié)直接引語直接引語間接引語:間接引語:時間變化時間變化now 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 then 那時那時today 今天今天 that day 那天那天this week (month, etc.) that week (month

7、, etc.) 本星期(月等)本星期(月等) 那個星期(月等)那個星期(月等)Yesterday 昨天昨天 the day before 前一天前一天the day before 前一天前一天 two days before 前兩天前兩天 last week (year, etc.) the day before the day before 上星期(去年)上星期(去年) 前一周(年等)前一周(年等)three days (a year, et.) ago three days (a year etc.) before三天(一年等)以前三天(一年等)以前 前三天(一年等)前三天(一年等)tom

8、orrow 明天明天 the next (following) day 次日次日the day after tomorrow two days later (in two days time) 后天后天 過兩天過兩天next week (yea, etc.) the next (following) week (year, etc.) 下星期(明年等)下星期(明年等) 下一周(第二年等)下一周(第二年等)直接引語直接引語間接引語:間接引語:時間變化時間變化直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語指示指示代詞代詞this 這這that 那那these 這些這些those 那些那些地點地點狀語狀語here

9、 這里這里there 那里那里動詞動詞come 來來go 去去直接引語直接引語間接引語:間接引語:人稱變化人稱變化直接引語中的第一人稱,一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三直接引語中的第一人稱,一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱。人稱。 He said, “I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的,轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱。轉(zhuǎn)述人說的,轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱。 “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told m

10、e that I should be more careful the next time. 直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對第三直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對第三人稱說的,轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如:人稱說的,轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如: She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等,如:物主代詞等,如: He

11、asked me, “Will you go to the station with me?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him. 總之:人稱的變總之:人稱的變化要符合邏輯!化要符合邏輯?。?) 一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(3) 一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時(5) 一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時(6) 過去完成時不變,仍為過去完成時過去完成時不變,仍

12、為過去完成時 直接引語直接引語間接引語:間接引語:時態(tài)的變化時態(tài)的變化時態(tài)不變化:時態(tài)不變化:直接引語是直接引語是客觀真理客觀真理 “The moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the moon moves around the earth.直接引語是直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時,時態(tài)不變,時態(tài)不變 Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he w

13、as going when he met him in the street. 直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。作狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。 Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作,變間接引語,時態(tài)不變。出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作,變間接引語,時態(tài)不變。 He said, “I g

14、et up at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式的形式(例:例:ought to, had better, used to)和和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時 (例:例:could, should, would, might) ,時態(tài)不再變,時態(tài)不再變。 Peter said, “You had better come here today.”Peter said I had better go there that day

15、.直接引語變間接引語時直接引語變間接引語時, 時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時一般一般過去過去時時過去過去完成時完成時過去過去進(jìn)行時進(jìn)行時過去過去將來時將來時過去過去完成時完成時He said that the earth goes around the sun.He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.He said that Rome isnt built in a day.Tom said he was born in July, 1978. He s

16、aid, “the earth goes around the sun.”2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語, ,下列情況時態(tài)下列情況時態(tài)不變不變: :真理真理時間表時間表格言格言過去的時間狀語過去的時間狀語5. 部分情態(tài)動詞部分情態(tài)動詞,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等:等: She said t

17、o me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列代詞、下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等可能要變化形容詞、副詞、動詞等可能要變化直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethat day/today/yesterdaythe next/following day直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day befo

18、re yesterdaycomebringherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforegotakethere1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like comput

19、ers.Exercise I3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1. “I ne

20、ver eat meat,” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her. heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtaken4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the w

21、est.” The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.risesgoestoldhadbeforehadthere7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,”

22、 he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there.hadbeforeaskedwhether / ifbeforetoldcould10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mothe

23、r _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.howshehadwhereI hadthoseif/whetherI lived1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookst

24、oday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a lo

25、ng way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtom

26、orrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda we

27、ek ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked

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