43專題四時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、考點(diǎn)精析專題四專題四 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 高考鏈接高考鏈接學(xué)以致用高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用一、概念英語(yǔ)中，不同時(shí)間以不同方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)表示，動(dòng)詞的這種不同形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用二、用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they

2、did in 1910.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 【特別提醒】在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，而不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.If you dont take away all your things from the de

3、sk, there wont be enough room for my stationery.2一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于表示在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Everybody believes he will be the winner of the 100metre race.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 【特別提醒】(1)“be about to do”通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以接when引導(dǎo)的句子，表示“正要做，突然”。They were about to g

4、o down the hill when it began to rain heavily.(2)“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意圖。如果是事先考慮過(guò)的意圖，要用 be going to；如果是說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)決定的，則用 will。I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.Thats all right. I will post it myself.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 3一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，和

5、現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩種用法：(1)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(2)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，一般沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)理解。I wrote him a letter to show my appreciation of his thoughtfulness.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以

6、致用學(xué)以致用 4一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或在某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生了某事；而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm climate. They were listening to pop music when I came in.5一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法比較過(guò)去完成時(shí)既可以表示在過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間。它和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

7、主要在于時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)都可和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he e

8、ntered the university at the age of 15.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs more for the poor.7現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 一

9、、概念語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間語(yǔ)法關(guān)系及語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式，有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種形式。高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用二、用法英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)是不可分割的，每種時(shí)態(tài)都有其相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。在高考試題中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是重要考點(diǎn)之一。請(qǐng)看下面句子：The new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.The lion is considered (to be) the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.在

10、復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，我們還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，切記不要漏掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。Children in New China are taken good care of.The sick boy is being operated on now. 高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用2.“get過(guò)去分詞”形式“get過(guò)去分詞”也可表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)較口語(yǔ)化。He got hurt when he fell off the bike last week.3主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義一些表示開(kāi)始、結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞(start, begin,

11、close, end等)和表示主語(yǔ)某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.This kind of apple tastes good and sells well.高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 1(2009海南、寧夏、全國(guó))His sister left home in 1998, and _ since. Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas

12、 not heard of【解析】根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)since可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)hear of后應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)可知，這里應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緽高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 2(2009四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _. Ahas repaired Bis repaired Cis being repaired Dwill be repaired【解析】題意：“為什么我們不選擇那條道路來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間呢？”“通向那條路的橋現(xiàn)在正在維修?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境可知，句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)

13、關(guān)系，且該動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作目前正在進(jìn)行，這樣才能成為出現(xiàn)上述情況的原因。【答案】C高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 3(2009湖南)When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. Awould open Bopened Chad opened Dwas to open 【解析】分析題意“他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見(jiàn)了”說(shuō)明前面還沒(méi)有開(kāi)門，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果指將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，從句不用will / would，所以A項(xiàng)也被排除?！敬鸢浮緿高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致

14、用學(xué)以致用 4(2009山東)I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. Awas happening Bhappened Chappens Dhas happened【解析】題意“那時(shí)我出城了，因此不十分了解那事是怎么發(fā)生的”。后一句隱藏著at the time“那時(shí)”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此C、D兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)，“如何發(fā)生”不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)?！敬鸢浮緽高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 5(2009安徽)Daniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan

15、 this time next week. Aare enjoying Bare to enjoy Cwill enjoy Dwill be enjoying【解析】時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為this time next week，強(qiáng)調(diào)將來(lái)的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)丹尼爾一家將做的事，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。題意：下周的這個(gè)時(shí)候丹尼爾一家將在黃山度假?！敬鸢浮緿高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 1The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 millio

16、n. Ahas grown Bhave grown Cgrew Dare growing 【解析】population是集合名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！敬鸢浮緼高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 2Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. Adidnt know Bhadnt known Cdont know Dhavent known【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知道，說(shuō)話者只能是過(guò)去不了解“Edward彈鋼琴這么好”的情況?！敬鸢浮緼高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 3Ove

17、r the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. Ahad decreased Bdecreased Chas been decreasing Dis decreasing 【解析】題意：在過(guò)去的幾十年間，由于全球氣候變暖，北極的冰在不斷減少?！皁ver / in / during / for the past時(shí)間段”作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。【答案】C高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 4Mary went to the box office at lunc

18、h time, but all the tickets _ out. Awould sell Bhad sold Chave sold Dwas selling【解析】動(dòng)詞sell out在go之前發(fā)生，而go已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)，故sell out表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。題意：Mary午飯時(shí)間去的售票處，但所有的票都已賣完了?！敬鸢浮緽高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 5My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa. Ahave left Bleave Cleft Dwill lea

19、ve【解析】題意：我父母答應(yīng)在我離開(kāi)去非洲之前來(lái)看我。從該語(yǔ)境判斷此處狀語(yǔ)從句表示將來(lái)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。【答案】B高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 6The professor _ his son to watch TV until his son has finished reviewing his lessons.Awill be allowed Bwont allow Cwill allow Dwont be allowed【解析】題意為“那位教授要兒子復(fù)習(xí)功課之后才可看電視”。在until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)has finished形式上是完成時(shí)，實(shí)際上卻是將來(lái)完成時(shí)。用這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作在(將來(lái))已經(jīng)完成之后，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作allow才可開(kāi)始?！敬鸢浮緽高考鏈接高考鏈接考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析15610學(xué)以致用學(xué)以致用 7After about two hours heated discussion, the chairman announced that an agreement _. Ahas been reached Bhad been reached Chas reached Dhad reached【解析】reach所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在announced之前，所以用過(guò)去完