英語(yǔ)四級(jí)漢譯英翻譯技巧總結(jié)

1、CET 4 漢譯英翻譯技巧總結(jié)翻譯技巧（一）詞法：詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換；數(shù)詞的英譯（二）句法：語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換；句子的分譯與 合譯（三）語(yǔ)篇：連接詞的運(yùn)用；重復(fù)表達(dá)的 處理（一） 詞法：1. 詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換 漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)成英語(yǔ)名詞、形容詞、介詞； 漢語(yǔ)形容詞或副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)名詞； 漢語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。1. 詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換宋朝的創(chuàng)始人建立了有效的中央集權(quán)制；廣泛任用民間的學(xué)術(shù)文人；地方的軍事官員及其黨羽都被中央任命的官員所替代。這種官員體系使得宋朝的權(quán)利比以往任何朝代都更集中更集中在皇帝和官僚機(jī)構(gòu)的手中。The founders of the Song Dynasty built an effective centr

2、alized bureaucracy staffed with many civilian scholar-officials. Regional military officers and their supporters were replaced by officials appointed by the central government. This system of civil service led to a greater concentration of power of the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had bee

3、n achieved in the previous dynasties.1. 詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換（1）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞他這個(gè)人最愛(ài)他這個(gè)人最愛(ài)說(shuō)話說(shuō)話了。了。He is a great talker.他妹妹老是他妹妹老是說(shuō)謊說(shuō)謊。 His sister is a great liar. （2）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為介詞）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為介詞他他用用手指在墻上寫下了自己手指在墻上寫下了自己的名字。的名字。 He wrote his name on the wall with his finger.許多學(xué)生許多學(xué)生反對(duì)反對(duì)他。他。 Many students are against him.（3）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞）動(dòng)詞

4、轉(zhuǎn)為副詞演出已經(jīng)演出已經(jīng)開(kāi)始開(kāi)始了。了。The performance is on. （4）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞她非常她非常漂亮漂亮。She is a real beauty.你說(shuō)他你說(shuō)他傻不傻傻不傻？ Dont you think hes an idiot?2. 數(shù)詞的英譯（1）數(shù)詞表示約略或夸張 萬(wàn)一打碎了眼鏡，我這一千二百度的近視眼如何走路呢。 If my glass got broken, I shant be able to walk very far with these near-sighted eyes of mine. 這里的交通四通八達(dá)。 Traffic line

5、s here radiate in all directions. 2. 數(shù)詞的英譯(2) 倍數(shù)A是B的n倍：可以譯成A is n times that of B; A is n times as adj. as B; A is (n-1) times more than B. 新校的占地面積是老校的三倍。 The new campus covers an area that is 3 times as big as the old campus. A比B多n倍；A增加n倍：可以譯成A is n+1 times as adj. as B;A increases (rises, goes up,

6、 grows) by n times. 氧原子幾乎比氫原子重15倍。 The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.2. 數(shù)詞的英譯（3）百分比的增加百分比的增加或升高可用的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法有increase by, raise by, go up by等。 據(jù)中國(guó)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，去年外商投資企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品出口值達(dá)8.1億美元，今年上半年又比去年同期增長(zhǎng)58.4%。 According to Chinese Customs statistics, exports of foreign-funded ventures total

7、ed US $ 0.81 billion last year and registered an increase of 58.4 percent in the first half of this year over the same period of last year. 過(guò)去三年中，該省的雜交水稻畝產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了百分之五十。 Over the past three years, the province has raised its per mu yield of hybrid rice by one half. （3）百分比的減少百分比的減少或降低可以用的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法有reduce by,

8、 fall by (to), go gown by等。采用新技術(shù)使生產(chǎn)成本一下子降低了25%。The adoption of the new technique reduced (lowered) the cost of production by one quarter. 作為出口主體的國(guó)有企業(yè)今年出口278億美元，比去年減少了3.4%。As the major force of Chinas export, Chinas state-owned enterprises only exported US $ 27.8 billion worth of goods, representing

9、a reduction (decrease) of 3.4 percent. 2. 數(shù)詞的英譯（二）句法1.句子語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法就是在翻譯過(guò)程中把原文中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成譯文中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或把原文中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成譯文中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 上海市高樓林立，燈火映天，素有“遠(yuǎn)東明珠”的世界級(jí)聲譽(yù)。美麗的外灘，繽紛的南京路、淮海路以其奪目的光彩展示著大上海的無(wú)窮魅力。 Because of its numerous brightly lit skyscrapers, Shanghai enjoys an international reputation as the “Pearl in the Far

10、East”. Its infinite glamour is vividly shown by the beautiful bund and prosperous and illuminating Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road. 當(dāng)下眾人七言八語(yǔ)。 By now proposals of all kinds were being made. 馬路兩邊是整齊的梧桐樹(shù)。 The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.1. 句子語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)受事，突出被動(dòng)狀態(tài)。如： 這個(gè)詞不是我的發(fā)明，是農(nóng)民的發(fā)明。 Th

11、at term was invented not by me but by the peasants.（2）因種種原因，不出現(xiàn)或無(wú)須說(shuō)明施事者。如： 這種書(shū)是給兒童寫的。 Such books are written for children. （3）使句子結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱，文氣連貫，如： 他出現(xiàn)在臺(tái)上，觀眾報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. （4）漢語(yǔ)中的某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或泛指人稱為主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，如： 大家都認(rèn)為這樣做是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?It is generally considered no

12、t advisable to act that way. （5）使語(yǔ)氣委婉，措辭禮貌，如： 今天晚上七點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)教學(xué)會(huì)，全體教師務(wù)必參加。 There will be a teaching symposium at 7:00 pm today. All the faculty is expected to attend. （6）漢語(yǔ)中帶有被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句，如： 病人正在手術(shù)中。 The patient is being operated on. 2.句子的分譯與合譯需要分譯的句子，多數(shù)是長(zhǎng)句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。分譯能使譯需要分譯的句子，多數(shù)是長(zhǎng)句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。分譯能使譯文層次分明、易

13、于理解。文層次分明、易于理解。按照內(nèi)容層次分譯，如：少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. 從主語(yǔ)變換處分譯，如：四周沒(méi)有燈火，那座祠堂也睡著了。No lamps shone around. The clan temple was also asleep. 從關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如轉(zhuǎn)折）處分譯，如：餐館里只有幾個(gè)人，或許是因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞木壒拾?！T

14、here were only a few people in the restaurant. Probably because of the cold weather!原文出現(xiàn)總說(shuō)或分述時(shí)要分譯，如：在學(xué)校里，他因作業(yè)做得好而大受老師的稱贊，又因朗讀出色而受到同學(xué)們的恭維，一切都順利進(jìn)行。At school he was commended by his teacher for the fine homework and flattered by his classmates for his reading well. Everything went smoothly. 2.句子的分譯與合譯英

15、語(yǔ)句子簡(jiǎn)潔，但從句套從句，短語(yǔ)含短語(yǔ)也頻頻出現(xiàn)，較漢語(yǔ)而言長(zhǎng)句多，所以在翻譯中，就要把漢語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)句子甚至更多句子合譯為英語(yǔ)的一句。 在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處合并，如：從前有個(gè)俊俏的年輕人，人人都喜歡他，可他總是悶悶不樂(lè)。因?yàn)樗幸粋€(gè)嘮叨不休的繼母。Once there lived a handsome young man, through a favorite with everyone, was unhappy because he had a nagging step mother. 從主語(yǔ)變換處合譯，常出現(xiàn)主從句，如：她站在我身旁，幫我拿起電報(bào)。她的手在微微顫動(dòng)著。Her hands slightly

16、 trembling, she helped me to pick up the telegram. （三）語(yǔ)篇1、恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用連接詞英語(yǔ)常用連接詞連接句子各成分，句子結(jié)構(gòu)十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、關(guān)系明確、語(yǔ)義清晰。京劇是一門綜合的表演藝術(shù)，它集合了音樂(lè)、歌曲、對(duì)白、表演、雜技和武術(shù)等多種藝術(shù)形式。一名京劇演員一定是一名表演藝術(shù)家，能歌善舞。要成為一個(gè)合格的京劇演員一般要經(jīng)過(guò)十幾年的培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練。Peking Opera is a comprehensive performing art: It combines music, singing, dialog, pantomime, acrobatics and

17、martial arts. Therefore, an actor or actress in Peking Opera has to be a performing artist who can both sing and dance. It usually takes a student more than 10 years training to become a qualified performer in Peking Opera.中國(guó)發(fā)展體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是要通過(guò)在人民中普及體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)人民體質(zhì)、提高整個(gè)國(guó)家的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能、創(chuàng)造新紀(jì)錄，來(lái)促進(jìn)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)、道德和文化的發(fā)展。The purpo

18、se of developing physical culture and sports in China is to popularize sports among the people, strengthen their health, improve the sporting skills of the country as a whole and create new records, thus helping to promote the countrys economic as well as ethical and cultural development. 用于列舉法列舉法的過(guò)

19、渡連接詞： for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, still, first, second, also 用于舉例舉例的連接詞： for example, for instance, one example is, besides, furthermore, in addition 用于敘述敘述的連接詞： at the beginning, to start with, after that, later, then, afterwards, in the end 用于分類分類常用詞： divide (into), gro

20、up (into), be composed of, include 用于因果因果的連接詞： 引出原因：because, since, as , for, in that, due to, owing to, thanks to, result from 引出結(jié)果：as a result, result in, the result is, consequently, therefore, lead to2、 恰當(dāng)翻譯重復(fù)漢語(yǔ)常出現(xiàn)名詞的重復(fù)，而英文則常用代詞來(lái)替代，避免重復(fù)。 全家歡騰起來(lái)，我將蟋蟀放進(jìn)裝顏料用的硬紙匣里，交給小曲。小曲說(shuō)她要看著蟋蟀叫，她自己找了一個(gè)半透明的小塑料瓶，將蟋蟀

21、裝進(jìn)瓶里，欣賞這可憐的小俘虜團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。她奶奶怕蟋蟀窒死，用剪刀將塑料瓶戳了幾個(gè)透氣的小洞。The whole family was wild with joy. I put it into an empty color-tube cardboard box and handed it to Xiao Qu. But she said she wanted to have it kept in a transparent container so that she could see it chirp. Then she found a plastic bottle and happily wat

22、ched the pitiable little captive therein moving about in panic. Her grandma, however, fearing that the cricket might suffocate, punctured a few holes in the plastic bottle with a pair of scissors. 對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)中的大量重復(fù)，英譯時(shí)可以刪除不必要的重復(fù)或者改用不同的詞語(yǔ)，以求變化。 (next page)（1）刪除不必要的重復(fù) 我們就是要有這個(gè)雄心壯志！ We must have this ambition

23、. “雄心”與“壯志”意義重復(fù)，這在漢語(yǔ)中不僅是允許 的，而且形成了一種對(duì)稱的韻律美。但在英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有 必要重復(fù)為aspiration and ambition，譯成ambition更 符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。 下崗和失業(yè)人員增多，就業(yè)壓力加大。 causing an increase in unemployment and resulting pressure. 該例中“下崗”與“失業(yè)”語(yǔ)義接近，合譯成 “unemployment”基本可行。（2）變換用詞 手中有了錢，便買高檔的衣服，高檔的皮鞋，高檔的化妝品，有條件的，自行車不想騎了，干脆就買一輛轎車。 With plenty of money in hand, theyll buy expensive clothes, wear shiny leather shoes and use de luxe cosmetics. Those who can afford it will quit bicycles and arm themselves with a car.“高檔的衣服，高檔的皮鞋