【解析】浙江省寧波市九校2018-2019學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期聯(lián)考英語試題

1、寧波市 2018 學(xué)年第二學(xué)期九校聯(lián)考高一英語試題本試卷分第1卷（選擇題）和第n卷（非選擇題）。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。請(qǐng)考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫在答題紙上。第 I 卷選擇題部分第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié), 滿分 30 分）第一節(jié)（共5 小題；每小題1. 5 分 , 滿分 7. 5 分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后, 你都有 10 秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1. What does the woman s mother look like?A. She

2、wears glasses. B. She has dark eyes. C. She has white hair.2. How old is the woman now?A. 20 years old. B. 45 years old. C. 65 years old.3. How often does the man see his grandfather?A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.4. What does the man mean?A. The film is terrible.B. The film can be se

3、en online.C. The film is worth the money.5. What does the man decide to do?A. Look for a parking space.B. Drive to the department store again.C. Go to the department store in a few days.第二節(jié)（共15 小題；每小題1. 5 分 , 滿分 22. 5 分）聽下面5段材料。每段材料后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段材料前, 你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題, 每小題 5

4、秒鐘；聽完后各小題將給出5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段材料讀兩遍。聽第 6 段材料 , 回答第6、 7 題。6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Mother and son.B. Husband and wife.C. Fellow workers.7. What is the man unwilling to do ？A Clean the floor.8. Prepare the dimmer sets.9. A range the tables.聽第 7 段材料 , 回答第8、 9 題。8. Why is t

5、he man s blue shirt no longer suitablefor him ？A. He s put on much weight.B. He thinks it s old.C. He s grown taller.9. What does the woman think of the man ？A. Lucky. B. Busy. C. Lazy.聽第 8 段材料 , 回答第 10 至 12 題。10. What does the woman do probably ？A. A policewoman. B. A tour guide C. A teacher.11. Wh

6、o was swimming around ？A Nick. B. Melissa. C. Laura.12. What does the woman think of Ken ？A. Helpful. B. Dishonest C. Interesting.聽第 9 段材料 , 回答第 13 至 16 題。13. Why did Fiona decide to write a book about Beatrice Cadbury?A. Beatrice had a surprising life.B. She was interested in the Cadbury family.C.

7、The school Beatrice had started was famous.14. What was Beatrice s life like in her childhood?A. Difficult. B. Unlucky. C. Comfortable.15. What did Beatrice ask her brother to do?A. Come to her house.B. Stop giving her money.C. Allow her to meet the factory workers.16. Why did Beatrice and her famil

8、y live in a tent?A. She wanted to live like poor people.B. There were too many people in her house.C. Her children liked to live in a different place.聽第 10 段材料 , 回答第 17 至 20 題。17. How did the servants deal with their earnings in Victorian times？A. They paid for the housing.B. They bought food and cl

9、othes.C. They sent them to their families.18. What was a nurse s main duty ？A. Coking meals. B. Caring for children. C. Educating children.19. How did the Victorian upper class parents treat their children actually？A. Cuell. B. Kindly. C. Srictly.20. What will the speaker talk about next？A. Lower cl

10、ass families.B. Upper class chi ldren s situation.C. Comparisons between upper and lower classes.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié), 滿分 35 分）第一節(jié)（共10 小題；每小題25 分 , 滿分 25 分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的 A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)、并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThe trouble started at 9： 30 p. m. last New Year s Eve, in Newmark. When thefire engines （消防車）arrived at

11、the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a thirdfloor window. The firefighters placed a ladder（梯子）against the wooden house, and26-year-old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor.The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window.When Marcus reached the top

12、 of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put hertwo legs around him. Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large- 3 -womansitting on him. Marcus landed first hitting a wall beside the front stairs-and broke the woman s fall. She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down

13、 the stairs. When the fire officer reached him, Marcus wasunconscious .Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse. Doctors talked of turning off the life-saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart. The answer wasyes

14、.OnJanuary 6, firefighterslifted Marcus coffin （棺材）covered with an Americanflag-onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession （行歹U） through Newmarkstreets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away

15、 to a young girl. His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.1. After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus.A. was very terrified and anxiousB. was knocked off and got hurtC. found it difficult to get downD. couldn t see anything clearly2. The underlined word “unconscious in Parag

16、raph 2 means :.A. homelessB. breathlessC. helplessD. senseless3. We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus family might feel.A. sorrowful but proudB. depressed but excitedC. angry and doubtfulD. worried and surprised【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A【分析】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了消防員馬庫斯在救人時(shí)不幸受傷腦死亡，受到了全國(guó)人民的緬懷和 紀(jì)念的故事。推理判斷題。根

17、據(jù)第二段中Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the largewomansitting on him. Marcus landed first hitting a wall beside the front stairs-and broke the woman s fall. （突然馬庫斯從梯子上向后摔了下來，那個(gè)大個(gè)子女人坐在他身上。馬庫斯先著地，撞上了前面樓梯旁的一堵墻，摔斷了這名女子的腿。）以及最后一句Whenthe fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious.（當(dāng)

18、消防隊(duì)員趕到他身邊時(shí)，馬庫斯已經(jīng)失去了知覺。）可知到達(dá)梯子的頂端后，馬庫斯被撞倒受傷了。故選B?！?2 題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文Within an hour, a doctor told the menthat Marcus was nearly braindead, and would only get worse. 可知不到一個(gè)小時(shí)，一名醫(yī)生告訴他們，馬庫斯幾乎已經(jīng)腦死亡，情況只會(huì)變得更糟?？芍?dāng)消防隊(duì)員趕到他身邊時(shí)，馬庫斯受了傷已經(jīng)失去了知覺。到醫(yī)院后馬庫斯幾乎已經(jīng)腦死亡了。故可推測(cè)劃線單詞意思為“無意識(shí)的”，故選D?！?3 題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段On January 6,

19、 firefighters lifted Marcus coffin-coveredwith an American flag-onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from allover the state joined the procession through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl. His

20、family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.（ 1 月 6 日，消防隊(duì)員將馬庫斯的棺材抬上黃色的消防車，棺材上覆蓋著美國(guó)國(guó)旗。來自全國(guó)各地的數(shù)百名消防員加入了紐馬克街道的游行隊(duì)伍。孩子們從學(xué)校的窗戶靜靜地看著。馬庫斯死的那天，他的心被獻(xiàn)給了一個(gè)年輕的女孩。他的家人說，這是馬庫斯救的第二次生命。）可知馬庫斯受到了大家的紀(jì)念和緬懷，因此家人感到悲傷卻很驕傲。故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中?？碱}型之一，可以大致分為 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用refer to ， be called 或 tha

21、t sto say ， such as 等。 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly,the sameas,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/ 后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。 語境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找

22、的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。如第二小題，根據(jù)下文Within an hour, a doctor told the menthat Marcus was nearly braindead, and would only get worse. 可知不到一個(gè)小時(shí)，一名醫(yī)生告訴他們，馬庫斯幾乎已經(jīng)腦死亡，情況只會(huì)變得更糟?？芍?dāng)消防隊(duì)員趕到他身邊時(shí)，馬庫斯受了傷已經(jīng)失去了知覺。到醫(yī)院后馬庫斯幾乎已經(jīng)腦死亡了。故可推測(cè)劃線單詞意思為“無意識(shí)的”，故選D。BNowadays, people all over the world

23、have various ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter （非處方的）medicines such as aspirin while otherstry popular home remedies （治療）like herbal tea or chicken soup. However, here isthe tough truth about the common cold:nothing really cures it.Then why do people sometimes still beli

24、eve that their remedies work？ Accordingto James Taylor, a professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it s easy to believe it s medicine rather than time that deserves to be praised,USA Today repor

25、ted.To many of us, it still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something as commonas a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral （抗病毒的）drugs work. They attack the virus b

26、y attaching to and changing the surfacestructures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus likethe right piece of a jigsaw （拼圖）, which means scientists have to identifythe virusand build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can develop an antiviral drug that is eff

27、ective enough.The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus（鼻病毒） A and B. But they didn t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them lead to the common cold, but drugs that work wellagainst rhinovirus A and B dont work well

28、when used against C.“ This accounts for most of the previous failures of drug trials againstThinovirus, ” study leader Professor Ann Palmenberg at UniversityofWisconsin-Madison, US, told Science Daily.Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists havefinally built a highly-

29、detailed 3-D model of the virus, showing that the surface ofthe virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way.Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don t really work.4. What do

30、es the author think of popular remedies for curing a common cold?A. They are really quite effective.B. They are slightly helpful.C. They still need to be improved.D. They actually don t work.5. How do antiviral drugs work?A. By identifying the viruses and breaking them up directly.B. By reshaping th

31、e top layers of the target cold viruses.C. By attacking the viruses one after another like finishing a jigsaw.D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.6. What can we infer from the passage?A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.B. Scientists have already found a c

32、ure for the common cold.C. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.D. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.7. What is the best title for this passage?A. Drugs against cold virusesB. Helpful home remediesC. No current cure

33、for common coldD. Research on cold viruses【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C這是一篇說明文。如今，世界各地的人們都有不同的方法來對(duì)付感冒。一些人服用阿司匹林等非處方藥，而另一些人則嘗試草藥茶或雞湯等流行的家庭療法。然而，關(guān)于普通感冒有一個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí): 沒有什么能真正治愈它?！?4 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句However, here is the tough truth about the commoncold:nothing really cures it. （然而，關(guān)于普通感冒有一個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí): 沒有什么能真正治愈它。）可知

34、作者認(rèn)為治療普通感冒的流行療法實(shí)際上不起作用。故選D?！?5 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surfacestructures of the virus. （它們通過附著和改變病毒的表面結(jié)構(gòu)來攻擊病毒。）可知抗病毒藥物通過重塑目標(biāo)感冒病毒的頂層發(fā)揮作用。故選B。【 6 題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus likethe right piece of a jigsaw, which

35、means scientists have to identify the virus andbuild a 3-D model to study its surface before they can develop an antiviral drug that is effective enough. （要做到這一點(diǎn)，這種藥物必須像拼圖游戲的正確部分一樣與病毒相匹配并鎖定病毒，這意味著科學(xué)家必須先識(shí)別出病毒并建立一個(gè)三維模型來研究其表面，然后才能開發(fā)出足夠有效的抗病毒藥物。）以及倒數(shù)第二段Now, more than 10 years after thediscovery of rhino

36、virus C, scientists have finally built a highly-detailed3-D modelof the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different fromthat of other cold viruses.（如今，在鼻病毒C被發(fā)現(xiàn)10多年后，科學(xué)家們終于建立了一個(gè)高度詳細(xì)的病毒三維模型，表明病毒的表面與預(yù)期的不同，不同于其他感冒病毒。）可推知了解感冒病毒的結(jié)構(gòu)是開發(fā)有效治療方法的關(guān)鍵。故選C?！?7 題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Nowadays, p

37、eople all over the world have various ways of dealingwith a common cold. Some take over-the-counter （非處方的）medicines such as aspirinwhile others try popular home remedies （治療）like herbal tea or chicken soup. However, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.（如今，世界各地的人們都有

38、不同的方法來對(duì)付感冒。一些人服用阿司匹林等非處方藥，而另一些人則嘗試草藥茶或雞湯等流行的家庭療法。然而，關(guān)于普通感冒有一個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí): 沒有什么能真正治愈它。）以及文章主要內(nèi)容可知主要圍繞著“目前還沒有治療普通感冒的方法”展開。故選C。CWhen it comes to modern communication, security is a big concern. It seems like we re forever hearing about ha ckers leaking emails, passwords and other important personal informati

39、on.But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who won the 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. With the cutting-edge technology, a revolutionary satellite called Micius makes the information sent and received safer than ever.So what

40、 exactly makes the information sent to and from Micius so secure？ Miciusis the first satellite of its kind to use quantum key distribution（量子密匙分發(fā)）,which uses particles （粒子）that transmit （傳輸）light to deliver information fromone point to another. Currently, it can communicate with two base stations, b

41、oth of which are located high up in the mountains in two different areas of Tibet, around1, 200kilometers apart. Data is sent between the satellite and one of the base stations in the form of a ray of light.This makes it almost impossible for data sent and received using quantum satellite technology

42、 to be stolen, as the connection will be broken if someone tries to hack it. “ Any eavesdropper （偷聽者）on the quantum channel attemptingto gain informationcan be found by the communicating users, the scientists wrote in the paper.However, the technology does have a few limitations. For example, the pr

43、ocessonly works at night, as the information isn t able to pass through sunlight. Andthere s currently only a 1 0-minute window each day during which Micius can communicate with each of the base stations, according to Xinhua. This is because the satellite and base station need to be close enough to

44、each other for the information to successfully make it to and from outer space.Despite these small issues, the scientific community across the world has reacted positively to China s achievements in this groundbreaking project. This Chinese experiment is a quite remarkable technological achievement,

45、 Artur Ekert, a professor of quantum physics at the University of Oxford, told BBC News.And Karl Ziemelis, an editor for Nature, told Xinhua, It s a witness to China s investments （投資）and significant efforts in the physical sciences that this grouphas been able to push research in practical quantum

46、communication technologies to such an astronomical height. ”8. Why it is safe to use quantum key distribution to transfer information？A. The connection will fail if it is hacked.B. It makes the base stations close enough.C. It transfers data too fast for it to be stolen.D. The process often takes pl

47、ace at night.9. Accord ing to the text, what s the attitude of the scientific community towards the satellite Micius ？A. It remains unclear whether it will be beneficial or not.B. It is really an impressive technological breakthrough.C. It will promote the investment in quantum-related technologies.

48、D. It doesn t deserve a lot of attention given its limitations.10. What is the main idea of the text？A. The latest security problems of modern communication.B. Micius effect on the development of modern technology.C. The wide applications of quantum key distribution in data transition.D. How Micius

49、works to ensure secure communication and its limitations.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D這是一篇說明文。中國(guó)科學(xué)家在今年2 月憑借一顆名為“墨子號(hào)”的革命性衛(wèi)星獲得了 2018年紐科姆克利夫蘭獎(jiǎng)。文章同時(shí)說明了“墨子號(hào)”如何確保通信安全及其局限性。以及科學(xué)界對(duì)中國(guó)在這一開創(chuàng)性項(xiàng)目中取得的成就都給予了反應(yīng)積極。【 8 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句This makes it almost impossible for data sent and receivedusing quantum satellite technolog

50、y to be stolen, as the connection will be broken- 10 -if someone tries to hack it.（這使得使用量子衛(wèi)星技術(shù)發(fā)送和接收的數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能被竊取，因?yàn)槿绻腥嗽噲D入侵，連接就會(huì)斷開。）可知使用量子密鑰分發(fā)傳輸信息很安全，因?yàn)槿绻腥嗽噲D入侵，連接就會(huì)斷開。故選 A【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句Despite these small issues, the scientific communityacross the world has reacted positively to China s achie

51、vements in this groundbreaking project.（盡管存在這些小問題，但世界科學(xué)界對(duì)中國(guó)在這一開創(chuàng)性項(xiàng)目中取得的成就都給予了反應(yīng)積極。）可知科學(xué)界認(rèn)為“墨子號(hào)”衛(wèi)星確實(shí)是一個(gè)令人印象深刻的 技術(shù)突破。故選B。10題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who wonthe 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. With

52、the cutting-edge technology, a revolutionary satellite called（但由于中國(guó)科學(xué)家Micius makes the information sent and received safer than ever.的一項(xiàng)突破，他們心我們的數(shù)據(jù)了。空章主要內(nèi)容可推斷，介紹了以往任何時(shí)候都更考其局限性。故選第二節(jié)（共5小題分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，力When riding aChinese aloud.ntering a store, itHuawei smartphon2018年紐科姆克利夫蘭獎(jiǎng)，我們可能很快就再也不用擔(dān)子號(hào)”的革命性衛(wèi)星使

53、發(fā)送和接收的信息比中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。子號(hào)”如何確保通信安全及選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。e products more popular abroadt, you are likely to hear passers-by speakings possible that youll seet referring to a city in China, butManchester,UK. 12 Indeed, Chinese products have been going global recently.13 But to satisfy local people s tastes, C

54、hinese restaurants have made some necessary changes to the dishes. One example is the meat, said Yin Hang, who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia.We like to eat meatwith bones in while people here don t. Therefo re, Chinese restaurants serve bigpieces of meat without bones, eve

55、n for fish.14 In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridgesand Lenovo computers, reported Reuters. More than half of US-owned drones（無人機(jī)）are Chinese models, according to China Daily. They re not only made in China, but designed and developed in the country.In the past, most pe

56、ople in the West thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable. But things have changed greatly.15For example, Huawei, o ne ofChina s major smartphone makers, overtook Apple in global smartphone sales for the firs t time in June and July last year, noted consulting firm Counterpoint Research. A

57、. Many Chinese brands are also becoming more and more popular.B. Chinese dishes have been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time.C. ”Made in China has become cool an d more people trust Chinese brands.D. Meanwhile, intonational brands are still enjoying great success in China.E. Turning to the right, you may see a Sichuan-style restaurant.F. In fact, you might see si