高中英語必修3知識點(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上必修3知識點歸納專心-專注-專業(yè)Unit 1 Festivals around the world1. mean v. & adj.1). mean doing sth. “意味著（必須要做某事或?qū)е路N結(jié)果）”2). mean to do sth. “打算或企圖做某事”3). mean sb. to do sth. “打算讓某人做某事”，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。4). be meant to do sth. “旨在做某事” The meeting is meant to solve the problem.2. celebrate v. 慶祝令人高興的事情或日子

2、congratulate v. 祝賀某人做某事 congratulate sb. on sth./doing srh.3. take place 發(fā)生；舉行 (不能用于被動語態(tài)中!)take sbs place/ take the place of sb= replace sb 代替某人take place 指經(jīng)過安排的事情happen 偶然發(fā)生，碰巧發(fā)生break out 災(zāi)難 .疾病 .戰(zhàn)爭等突然爆發(fā)in the first place 首先 in ones place 處于位置，為某人著想 in place 放在原來的位置，就位in place of 代替，用而不用 take ones

3、place 找替某人接替某人的位置4. of all kinds 各種各樣的all kinds of 各種各樣的 kind of=a little 一點，（后接adj./adv.）5. starve v. 挨餓; 餓死 starve for渴望得到 starve to death 餓死 6. honour n. 榮譽，光榮 in honor of 為了紀(jì)念 have the honour of doing 有幸做某事 show honour to sb. 像某人表達(dá)敬意7. satisfy vt. 滿足,使?jié)M意; be satisfied with 對滿意 be satisfied to do

4、 對做某事感到滿意satisfy ones needs/demands/curiosity 滿足某人需求/好奇心satisfying adj. satisfaction n satisfactory adj. 令人滿意的satisfactory 指客觀的事物或主觀的表現(xiàn)達(dá)到要求而令人滿意, 主語一般用客體。satisfied 指主體對事物或表現(xiàn)感到滿意, 主語是主體(人)satisfying: 令人愉快, 主語是不定式. 常用于句型: Its satisfying to do sth. 做.使人滿意8. in memory of 紀(jì)念,悼念9. belief n.信任；信仰，信心 have b

5、elief in sth./sb. 對某物/某人有信心 beyond belief 難以置信 10.gain n. 獲得；增加；獲利，獲得物；收益；利潤 vt. 得到；獲得，贏得，增加，增添，到達(dá)gain指在斗爭，競爭中做出很大努力而“獲得”，所得到的東西常具有一定價值。 win含有取勝的一方具有優(yōu)越的特質(zhì)或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為“贏得”。 get為普通詞，有時指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意為“賺得”，表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力所得到的報酬。 acquire意為“獲得，取得”，一般指通過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。11. gather 1) 聚集,集合 (vi) A lot of peo

6、ple gathered to see what had happened.2) 收集 (vt) The student gathered a lot of information about the hero. gather 用途較廣泛，可用于人 .物或無形的抽象事物，如人群的集合，食品 .財產(chǎn) .文件 . 書籍等的收集。強調(diào)將分散的東西收集在一起。 collect 強調(diào)為了研究目的而做的有鑒別 .有計劃的收集，并指為了愛好而做的有條理的 安排，對某些事物進(jìn)行逐漸的收集 12.hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的區(qū)別與用法hurt 普通用語，既可指肉體上的傷害

7、,也可精神上, 感情上的傷害。injure比hurt正式, hurt多指傷痛, 而injure則指損害健康, 成就, 容貌等, 強調(diào)功能的損失。damage主要指對于物的損害,強調(diào)對于價值 .用途 .外觀等所造成的損失, 這種損失或因自然災(zāi)害所致, 或因人為造成。wound 指槍傷, 刀傷, 刺傷等皮肉之傷, 是出血的, 嚴(yán)重的傷, 特指戰(zhàn)場上受傷, 它可以指肉體上的傷害, 也可指人們精神上的創(chuàng)傷。13. dress “給穿衣服”。后接sb. 或者反身代詞get dressed 表示動態(tài) be dressed 表示靜態(tài), dress in. 穿何種衣服 dress up是“打扮,化裝” 14.

8、 award. n. 獎, 獎品 v. 判給, 授予 award sb. sth. 獎賞某人某物award后接雙賓語 reward 獎賞, 酬謝, 不能接雙賓語。 reward sb. for sth. reward sb. with sth. 15.admire v. 意為“贊賞;欽佩;羨慕;贊美;夸獎” admire sb. for sth. 因某事欽佩或羨慕某人 express admiration for sb. 對某人表示欽佩 聯(lián)想拓展 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人某物 rid sb. of sth.使某人擺脫/除去某物 sus

9、pect sb. of sth.懷疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 16. permission n. 許可，允許with/without (ones) permission 得到允許/未經(jīng)允許 ask sb. for permission 征求某人的許可 give sb. permission to do sth. 允許某人做某事 have ones permission 得到某人的同意17. clothing/clothes/cloth clothing是衣服 .被褥的總稱，為不可數(shù)名詞； clothes指包括上衣 .褲子 .內(nèi)衣 .外衣等在內(nèi)的具體的衣服，它

10、沒有單數(shù)形式18. look forward to (doing) sth. 意為期待著某事, 其to是介詞, 而不是動詞不定式符號。習(xí)慣于be (get) used to 堅持stick to 反對object to 導(dǎo)致lead to 獻(xiàn)身于be devoted to 被宣判為be sentenced to 喜歡prefer.to 談到come to 期待look forward to 增添add to 開始get down to。19. as though和as if (1) 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她裝得好像什

11、么事也沒發(fā)生過似的。當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語一致,從句謂語中又含有動詞to be時, 可以把主語和to be一起省去。He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四處張望, 好像尋找什么。(2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句It looks as if its going to rain看樣子天要下雨as though和as if從句用虛擬語氣, 還是用陳述語氣，根據(jù)具體情況而定。如果從句表示的意思與事實完全相反, 或者純粹是一種假設(shè), 通常用虛擬語氣。20. have fun 過得快樂 = have a good time=enjoy o

12、neself. have fun ( in ) doing sth.21. turn up.1) 來, 出席(某活動) 2) 把(收音機等)音量開大一些, 反義詞turn down. turn down 調(diào)?。痪芙^ turn off 關(guān)掉 turn on 打開；發(fā)動 turn out 結(jié)果是；證明是 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn away 走開;轉(zhuǎn)過臉去; turn in 進(jìn)入；交出；上交 turn over 打翻；移交；反復(fù)考慮 turn into把變成22. keep ones word 守信用， 反義詞是break ones word 失信 注意：kee

13、p ones word和break ones word中的名詞word不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式！break ones word 食言 in a/one word=in short總而言之 in other words 換句話說 have a word with sb.與某人談話 24. marry 的用法：1) “和.結(jié)婚”，“嫁.”，“娶.”時，marry為及物動詞，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.2)表示婚姻狀態(tài), 后接賓語時要用介詞to， 而不用with.注意：marry和get married 都表示短暫行為，不能和表示一段時間的短語連用，而be married則表示婚

14、姻狀態(tài)，可以與表示婚姻狀態(tài)持續(xù)多久的時間狀語連用。25. set off: 動身, 出發(fā); 使（地雷 .炸彈）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力set about doing sth. 著手(做某事) set in 開始 set up建立，創(chuàng)立 set down寫下，記下 set about doing sth.開始（某工作）；著手做某事 set out to do sth.開始做某事 set sth. up 擺放或豎起；創(chuàng)立，建立 set sth. aside 將.放在一邊；節(jié)省或保留金錢或時間 set down記下；寫下 26. It was obvious/clear that .= obviou

15、sly/ clearly, . 表示“很明顯，顯而易見”。屬于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+thatclause 結(jié)構(gòu)。It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人應(yīng)該 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do 遺憾的是/羞愧的是/難怪某人應(yīng)該 It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ .+ that .據(jù)說/判斷/報道/宣布/預(yù)計 Its sug

16、gested/ordered that sb. (should) do建議/要求某人 （做）某事Unit 2 Healthy eating知識點歸納1.  diet 日常飲食  go on a diet = be on a diet 節(jié)食 a balanced diet 平衡飲食 diet既可指習(xí)慣上吃的食物，又可指規(guī)定的食物。特指維持健康的食物。   food是一般用語，指進(jìn)入身體供人或動物生長的食物。強調(diào)種類時為復(fù)數(shù)名詞。   2. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. fo

17、r sb. supply sb. with sth .= supply sth. to sb.offer sb. sth / offer to do sth. 4. frustrated 修飾人或者人的聲音，表情 frustrating 令人沮喪的 be frustrated with 對.感到沮喪 5.  ought to  （1）表示責(zé)任，義務(wù)   He ought to look after his sister.   （2）表示建議或勸告   You ought to study hard. 你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。

18、0; （3）ought to 的否定形式 ought not to  （4）ought to have done = should have done  過去應(yīng)該做而未做 6.think of  （1）想起；記起   Sorry, I didnt think of your name just now.  （2）考慮   We should think of the matter carefully.  （3）為著想 Chen Guangbiao is always thin

19、king of the poor people in the poor areas.  （4）想；打算    I am thinking of giving up smoking. think about想；考慮  think much of 對評價很高 think highly / well of 高度評價  think out 想出  think badly / little of認(rèn)為不好  think over 仔細(xì)考慮   7.   情態(tài)動詞   must,

20、 may, might, should 用于肯定猜測；can / could用于否定和疑問猜測。  （1）表示對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測，用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”   He must be in the classroom. 他一定在教室。  （2）表示對過去情況的猜測， 用“情態(tài)動詞 + have +過去分詞”   The ground is wet, it might have rained last night. 地是濕的，昨晚可能下雨了。    （3）can / could  用于疑問句表示“可能

21、嗎”；用于否定句表示“不可能”。   -It cant be him. He has gone to Xian.     不可能是他，他去西安了。  8 .   be tired of 對厭倦；厭煩   be tired of 對厭倦；厭煩   be tired from / with 由于而疲憊    特別提示： tired of為形容詞短語，在句中作狀語。形容詞作狀語時，多放在句首或句末。在句中作原因狀語 .條件

22、狀語或伴隨狀語。9.   lose weight 減肥 put on weight 增肥；長胖   10 have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事have sb. / sth. doing  讓某人做某事；讓某情況發(fā)生have sb. / sth. done  使某事被做11.    get away with 不受懲罰；被放過get across使了解 get down to 著手，開始get down下來；使沮喪  get over恢復(fù)   ge

23、t through完成get away from 擺脫 get along with 與相處 12. tell a lie / lies to do something 為了做而撒謊  tell a lie / lies with sb. = lie to sb. 對某人撒謊  13. lie- lay-lain-lying 躺，位于lie -lied-lied- lying 撒謊lay- laid- laid- laying 放置，下蛋14. too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞；位于動詞后，修飾不及物動詞much too 修飾形容詞或副詞15 . earn one

24、s living 謀生 =make a living  17. cusrom 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣 customer 顧客，消費者18 .  in debt欠債be out of debt不欠債   get into debt=run into debt=fall into debt 負(fù)債  in ones debt 欠某人情19. consult sb./ sth. 查閱某事物/請教某人 consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨詢某人 consult with sb. 與某人交換意見，商談20. be willing

25、to do 愿意做某事 be unwilling to do 不愿做某事21.glare vi.怒視；發(fā)耀眼的光glare 指由于羨慕 .恐懼 .驚訝而用恐嚇 .兇狠或憤怒的眼光看。gaze指由于驚訝 .好奇 .喜悅 .同情或感興趣而目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的看。stare指固定的凝視，暗示好奇 .勇敢 .無禮貌或愚蠢。glance “一瞥”   23.    benefit   （1）vt. 對有利    The fresh air here will bebefit you.  

26、0; （2）vi. 受益；得到好處 benefit from/by    You will benefit from the fresh air here. 24 .    cut down   （1）削減；減少    You should cut down your smoking. 你應(yīng)該減少吸煙。    （2）砍倒    Only a few trees can be cut down for firewood.

27、0;   cut in 插嘴；干預(yù)  cut off切斷；擋住  cut out 刪掉；切除     cut up 切碎；使難過 25 .  before long 不久以后,用于一般將來時態(tài)。 long before表示“很久以前”，用于過去時態(tài)。26 .    put on   （1）穿上；戴上   Put on your coat, its cold outside.     （2

28、）上演；表演；展出    They put on a new play last week.    （3）假裝   He put on a smile when he saw me. put aside 放到一邊；存儲   put away 收起來；存儲   put back 放回原處；撥慢 put down 放下；寫下來   put forward 提出；推薦  put off推遲；讓下車  put out 撲滅；生產(chǎn)；發(fā)表 put

29、up 舉手；搭建；張貼  put up with 忍受；容忍27. the+序數(shù)詞 表示第幾個 a+序數(shù)詞 表示再一個，又一個28. to做介詞的固定搭配：be / get / become used to 習(xí)慣于 be given to 喜歡；癖好 be related to 與有關(guān)系 be addicted to 沉溺于 be opposed to 反對 devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于 be admitted to 被錄?。粶?zhǔn)進(jìn)入 be attached to附屬于 adjust to 適應(yīng) be known to 為所知 be connected to連在一起 com

30、pare to把比作 access to 接近(某地的)方法 according to 根據(jù) contribute to 為作貢獻(xiàn)get down to著手做 lead to 著手做 object to / be opposed to 反對 put ones mind to全神貫注于 next to 的旁邊 due to 由于；歸因于 thanks to 多虧了；由于 owing to 由于；因 be familiar to 為 熟悉 Unit 3   The Million Pound Bank Note1. bring up  （1）提出   Why

31、 did you bring that question up again?   （2）撫養(yǎng)大；教養(yǎng)   Parents should bring up children to be polite. bring down 擊落；降低  bring about 致使  bring along 使發(fā)展；領(lǐng)來  bring back 拿回來；使恢復(fù)  bring out  出版；生產(chǎn) bring in 介紹；引進(jìn)；賺錢   2. be set in 故事發(fā)生在；以為背景 set forth&

32、#160; 動身；啟程；闡明 set off 動身；出發(fā)；引爆 set oneself against 堅決反對 set out 動身；開始；裝飾；擺放  set up  開辦；建立set out to do sth 著手做   set about doing sth著手做注意：set out 和set about 都表示“著手做”。但set out 后跟to do, 而set about后跟doing。3.   do with 。安排；處理 多和what連用  I have a lot of personal affair

33、s to do with today.  4. permit sth.permit sb.to do sth. permit doing sth.5.   by accident 偶然；無意中  by chance  偶然；碰巧 by mistake 錯誤的  by all means 一定；務(wù)必  by means of  用；憑借  by no means 決不6. mistake指偶然做錯了事，如拼寫錯誤，錯拿了東西等，強調(diào)日常生活中的錯誤error指違反某一標(biāo)志做的錯事，包括道德上的錯誤

34、fault性格上或方式上的“缺點”“毛病”，強調(diào)過失的責(zé)任，不與make搭配，與have 或commit搭配wrong指“壞事，冤枉”8 account for 做出解釋；導(dǎo)致    How do you account for the accidents in series?take something into account / take account of)（在決定或行動之前）將考慮進(jìn)去  9.   seek - sought - sought( 1 ) 追求；尋找   Everyone is trying to

35、seek truth from facts. ( 2 ) 試圖；企圖   Ive never sought to hide my view.   10on the contrary 正相反11 take a chance冒險      I dont want to take a chance to do that. 我不想冒險做那件事。take after與.相像 take delight in以為樂 take in接受；吸收；理解 take over接管 takeinto account考慮 takei

36、nto consideration考慮 12否定轉(zhuǎn)移句。    think, believe, suppose, consider, imagine 這幾個詞后如果跟否定形式的賓語從句，否定不能放在從句中，必須放在主句里。但翻譯為漢語時，又要把否定放回到從句中去。    I dont think he will come this afternoon. 我想他下午不會來的。    He doesnt believe that I can win the match. 他認(rèn)為我贏不了比賽。

37、0;     否定轉(zhuǎn)移句的反義疑問句構(gòu)成：當(dāng)主句主語是第一人稱時，反義疑問句反問從句；當(dāng)主句主語是第二 .第三人稱時，反義疑問句反問主句。無論反問主句還是反問從句，反問部分一般用肯定形式。    I dont think he will come this afternoon，will he? 我想他下午不會來的，他會嗎？    He doesnt believe that I can win the match, does he? 他認(rèn)為我贏不了比賽，是嗎？   

38、 14as for 至于；說到 As for me, I dont have enough money to do that.易混辨析：15ask for（1） ask for something 要東西 The man came up and asked for a light. （2）ask for sb. A.要求見某人 Someone is asking for you in the office. B.要某人接電話 Someone is asking for you one the phone. 16regret vt.& vi.   （1）后悔；惋惜 后

39、面跟名詞 .代詞 .從句或動名詞   （2）遺憾 后面跟不定式，并且多跟say, tell和inform。I regret to say that I have left the plane tickets at home. 我很遺憾的說我把飛機票落在家里了。Unit 4  Astronomy: the science of the stars1system 系統(tǒng)，體系 solar system 太陽系 government systems 政府體系2. interest vt. 使感興趣 sth. interest sb. interested adj. 感興趣

40、的 interesting adj. 令人感興趣的3. 世界上獨一無二的東西，前面加定冠詞the, 例：the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world.但是名詞前若有adj修飾，一般用不定冠詞a/an。例：There is a big moon in the sky.4. start/begin with 以開始； to start/begin with首先=first of all5. wide 做副詞表示具體的寬 He lay here, with his eyes wide open./ wide awake.widely

41、adv. 修飾抽象的,廣泛的 The book is widely read.6. in all directions 四面八方 in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向7. to do一般做目的狀語，但有時候也可做結(jié)果狀語。Only to do結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)常表示意料之外的結(jié)果。She went to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.8. last 持續(xù); 維持 其后的介詞for經(jīng)常省略。 The meeting lasted (for) th

42、ree hours.9. in time及時；終于    You will get used to it in time. 最終你會習(xí)慣的。 on time 按時   in no time  立即；馬上 at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度 at a time 一次  at any time 任何時候 at times有時；偶爾  from time to time 有時12. be fundamental to 對至關(guān)重要，基礎(chǔ) fundamental differences 根本的不同13. for the fi

43、rst time 第一次，為介詞短語，一般做時間狀語。The first time 為連詞，連接句子15. give birth to生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生 She gave birth to a healthy baby last night.at birth 出生時 by birth 天生的；生來 a second birth 再生；新生 bring to birth 使產(chǎn)生16. spread 伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，傳播 The news spread through the school quickly.The mother spread a cloth on the table.The

44、 fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape.17. thus adv相當(dāng)于therefore 因此 The universities have expanded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education.18. in ones turn 輪到. by turns 輪流 in return作為回報 in turn 依次輪流 反之，從而 go for a turn  散步；兜風(fēng) out of turn 不合時宜的  take a tu

45、rn 轉(zhuǎn)彎  19. tooto 太而不能 表示肯定得幾種情況20. depend on 依靠，依賴；取決于 It / that depends.看情況吧。注意：depend on 后不能跟that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，這時必須在從句前加上it.You may depend on it that she will surely pass the exam.    23. off(1) (和某些動詞連用)開；掉 The bird flew off. 鳥飛走了。(2) （作表語）走掉；動身走 Are you really off? 你真要走嗎？(3) （和某些動

46、詞連用）下去 Cut the end off.  把頭切掉。(4)距離多遠(yuǎn)（時間；空間） Summer is only a week off. 再有一個星期就到夏天了。(5) 不工作；休息 The manager gave the staff a day off. 經(jīng)理讓員工休息一天。24. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth. -explanation(n)26. now that既然 相當(dāng)于since，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，that可以省略。 Now that you have arrived, lets start the me

47、eting. 既然你們到了，我們開會吧。28. break out 無被動   （1）爆發(fā)     The First World War broke out in 1914. （2）突然發(fā)生     A big fire broke out in the factory last night. （3）突然大聲     People listening to the joke broke out laughing. breakup 結(jié)束；拆開   break down 出故障

48、；失??；身體垮了  breakdown打到；破壞；消除break off斷開；中斷  break in闖入；打斷；插話  break into 強行進(jìn)入；打斷  break up分開；放假 break through沖過；克服；戰(zhàn)勝 29. warn vt. 警告（1） warn sb. of / about sth. 警告 / 提醒某人某事（2） warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（別）做某事（3）warn sb. that 警告；告訴某人可能發(fā)生某情況  30. get/be close(adj

49、.) to 靠近close adv. 具體的近 stand/sit close(adv.) to closely 抽象的 仔細(xì)地，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?密切地31. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：A + 動詞+倍數(shù)+as as The hall is three times as large as our classroom.A + 動詞+倍數(shù)+ more than. = The hall is three times larger than the classroom.A + 動詞+倍數(shù)+the +n+of = The hall is twice the size of our classroom.32. watch ou

50、t 小心，注意 watch out for 小心. watch over 看管，照看，監(jiān)視Unit 5  Canada“The True North”1. rather than 與其寧愿 other than（1）ratherthan 是而不是     This is rather for father to decide than for you.（2）had / would rather 寧愿 后跟從句時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。（3）would / had ratherthan 寧愿而不愿 Id much rather deal with

51、 a man than with a woman.   2. be surrounded by/with 被環(huán)繞/包圍：surrounding adj.周圍的 surroundings n. (pl.)環(huán)境3. measure：（1）v.測量，衡量，判定 measure temperature / measured the distance.（2）n.措施【C】 take measures to do 采取措施做某事n.尺寸【U】 maketo ones measure 根據(jù)某人的尺寸做4. aboard 在船,火車，飛機上 board: n.木板，膳食 v.上（船，飛機等）go aboard = go on board = board a ship / train / plane 登山船，火車，飛機go abroad 出國 5.  settle