【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2013屆高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 課前熱身 名師講壇 Unit2 The environment 牛津版必修5（江蘇專用）

1、Unit 2The environment.單詞默寫1debate n& vi. 辯論；爭(zhēng)論；討論2recycle vt.& vi. 回收利用3pump vt.& vi. 用泵(或泵樣器官等)輸送；涌出，涌流n泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒4customs n海關(guān)；關(guān)稅5conflict vi. 沖突；抵觸 n沖突；矛盾6administration n管理；管理部門；施行；(美國(guó))政府7illegal adj.違法的，非法的8electrical adj.電的；用電的9particular adj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的；挑剔的10absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神貫

2、注11belief na strong feeling that sth is true12operate vto manage and run a business13decrease vt.& vi.to become or make sth become smaller in size，number，etc.14measure nan official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim15appreciate vt.to be grateful for sth that sb has done.詞匯拓

3、展1production n生產(chǎn)product n產(chǎn)品productive adj.能產(chǎn)的；多產(chǎn)的produce v生產(chǎn)producer n生產(chǎn)者；制作者；制片人2responsibility n責(zé)任，職責(zé)responsible adj.負(fù)責(zé)的irresponsible adj.不負(fù)責(zé)任的3environmentalist n環(huán)境保護(hù)論者；環(huán)境論者environmental adj.環(huán)境的；與環(huán)境有關(guān)的environment n環(huán)境environmentally adv.環(huán)境上；與環(huán)境有關(guān)地4conservation n保護(hù)；保存conserve vt.保護(hù)(自然資源等)5technical

4、adj.技術(shù)的technique n技術(shù)technician n技術(shù)人員，技師語(yǔ)境助記詞不離句，句不離段We all appreciate the measure for a forest reserve, where particularly illegal cutting is prohibited. As far as I'm concerned, we should take the responsibility and conserve our environment.短語(yǔ)落實(shí)1open the floor 自由發(fā)言2be concerned about 關(guān)心；掛念3allo

5、w sb to do sth 允許某人做某事4run out (of) 用完；耗盡5change back into 恢復(fù)原狀；還原；復(fù)原6do_research_into/on 調(diào)查；研究7draw_a_conclusion 得出結(jié)論8get_into_trouble 陷入麻煩9do_one's_part 盡自己的職責(zé)10in_this_case 在這種情況下.句子翻譯 1When people think of factories，they think of clouds of dirty smoke or pipes pouring chemical waste into riv

6、er.(Page 23)一想到工廠，人們就會(huì)想到污濁的滾滾濃煙或向河流傾瀉化學(xué)廢物的管道。2People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.(Page 23)人們常常認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)環(huán)境有害，但這不一定是正確的。3Asking around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the env

7、ironment.(Page 23)我問(wèn)過(guò)周圍的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多人都愿意支付稍高一些的價(jià)錢來(lái)購(gòu)買環(huán)保產(chǎn)品。4之后我們將展開(kāi)自由討論。 (Page 22)Then_we_will_open_the_floor_for_discussion.5我今天首先要對(duì)你們談的是化學(xué)廢物如何破壞世界上的大片區(qū)域。(Page 22)First_I_am_talking_to_you_today_about_the_way_vast_areas_of_the_world_are_damaged_by_chemical_waste.教材設(shè)題句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞) 1While we damage our env

8、ironment，we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat！(教材P22)Damaging_our_environment/While_damaging_environment，we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat!2However，I do agree that we should produce more thin

9、gs from materials that have been recycled，and less from raw materials，the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.(教材P23)However，I do agree that we should produce more things from recycled_materials，and less from raw materials，the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.3Those factorie

10、s which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes.(教材P23)Those factories polluting_the_environment should have to pay higher taxes.4This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water.(教材P38)This is not good news for the people who are_given/offered_water by th

11、e Yangtze River.5We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.(教材P38)We must take_many_measures_(steps)/do_many_things to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River. debate vi.& n辯論，爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論【課本原句】 Today's debate question is “The economy or t

12、he environmentmust we choose？”(P22)今天辯論的話題是“要經(jīng)濟(jì)還是環(huán)境我們必須得做出選擇嗎？”debate on/about.就辯論debate with sb about sth 和某人就某事討論debate whether to do sth/debate whether從句 考慮，討論是否have a debate 進(jìn)行討論open/close a debate 開(kāi)始/終止辯論under debate 在討論中辨析 debate/quarrel/argue/disscuss(1)quarrel是指因?yàn)閷?duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿而發(fā)生的“爭(zhēng)吵”或“吵架”，常用結(jié)

13、構(gòu)為：quarrel with sb ；quarrel about sth 。(2)argue是指一方著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)提出論證，并就此同對(duì)方“爭(zhēng)論”或“爭(zhēng)辯”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：argue with sb about /over sth。(3)debate多指在公開(kāi)，正式場(chǎng)合各自陳述理由，內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思。(4)discuss指為了解決問(wèn)題或弄清對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的討論，磋商?？纯锤呖荚趺纯糝ecently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused_heated_de

14、bate(引起熱烈的討論)among citizens.(2011·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空31)The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we'll never _ with criminals.”(2011·湖北卷·單項(xiàng)填空27)Anegotiate Bquarrel Cargue Dconsult答案A介詞填空As yet there has been little public debate on these issues.The whol

15、e question of compensation is still under debate.figure n數(shù)字【課本原句】 The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people！(P22)這個(gè)數(shù)字現(xiàn)在接近65億！figure that.認(rèn)為figure sth out 想出；理解；計(jì)算出figure sb out 弄明白；看透；理解figure out how/what. 想出看看高考怎么考However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I fig

16、ured(認(rèn)為)I would go a little further.(2011·湖南卷·閱讀表達(dá))Because leaders are public figures(人物)，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.(2011·江蘇卷·任務(wù)型閱讀)翻譯句子我認(rèn)為他喝醉了，不應(yīng)該讓他開(kāi)車。I_figured_that_he_was_drunk_and_shouldn't_be_allowed_to_drive.

17、她推斷他會(huì)在星期二離開(kāi)。She_figure_out_that_he_was_leaving_on_Tuseday. shame n羞愧；慚愧；可恥的事；惋惜的事【課本原句】 It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people's activities there.(P29)如果它們被人類在公園的活動(dòng)所毀滅，該是一件多么令人惋惜的事啊。It's a shame that.真遺憾what a shame! 真可惜！bring shame on sb 使某人蒙羞to one's shame 使某人感到慚愧

18、的是in shame 慚愧地be ashamed of. 感到羞愧；以為恥看看高考怎么考That's a_shame(一種恥辱)，because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.(2011·重慶卷·閱讀理解E)翻譯句子真遺憾，你們這么快就走了。It's_a_shame_that_you_have_to_leave_so_soon.他的妻子使他羞愧得只好把錢交回去。His_wife_shamed_him_into_ha

19、nding_the_money_back. effort n努力【課本原句】 We believe that the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese people to protest this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come by future generation.(P38)我們相信，中國(guó)政府和人民為保護(hù)這條他們所摯愛(ài)的河流而做出的努力將在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)得到后人的肯定和贊賞。make an effort to do sth 努力做某事spare no

20、effort 不遺余力make every effort (to do) 盡一切努力(做)with an effort 費(fèi)力地，使勁兒地without effort 毫不費(fèi)勁地看看高考怎么考Deals will be struck to reduce_the_immediate_effects(降低即時(shí)影響)(2011· 北京卷 · 閱讀理解D)He spared_no_effort (不遺余力) to save the patient.Every effort _to deal with the issues you raised at the meeting.(2012

21、·湖南石門一中高三摸底考試)Ais making Bwas doingCis being made Dis given答案C appreciate vt.賞識(shí)，欣賞；感激【課本原句】 We believe that the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese people to protest this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come by future generation.(P38)我們相信，中國(guó)政府和人民為保護(hù)這條他們所摯愛(ài)的河流而做出的努

22、力將在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)得到后人的肯定和贊賞。appreciate sth 欣賞/賞識(shí)/感激某事物appreciate doing sth 感激做某事appreciate one/one's doing sth 感激某人做某事I would appreciate it if. 如果我將不勝感激appreciation n. 賞識(shí)，欣賞；感激看看高考怎么考It's hard for people to appreciate(欣賞)Blues.(2011·福建卷·閱讀理解B)She took me to the theatrenot just children'

23、s theatre but adult comedies and dramasand her faith that I could appreciate(賞識(shí)) adult plays was not disappointed.(2011·上海卷·閱讀理解A)I don't appreciate_being_treated(愿被當(dāng)作) as a secondclass citizen.I would appreciate _ very much if you load the files for me.(2012·邵東創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校10月份月考)Ait By

24、ou Cthat Done答案A cut back on 減少；消減【課本原句】 My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(P22)我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購(gòu)買的物品的數(shù)量?！韭?lián)想拓展】cut across抄近路通過(guò) cut away 切除；剪掉；割斷cut in 插嘴；讓(某人)分享利潤(rùn)cut off 中斷，停掉；割斷，剪掉；阻礙，堵塞cut down 消減；砍倒；殺死(某人)cut up 切碎；

25、使傷心看看高考怎么考For example，many companies now have to invest (投資) a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage” caused by delays in answering calls，being_cut_off(被中斷)in mid­conversation or left waiting for long periods.(2011· 浙江卷 · 閱讀理解C

26、)The city cut_down(削減)on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.(2010· 浙江卷 · 閱讀理解D)They have cut_back_on(削減) steel production in recent months.The company where I work is not as good as before，so the manager has decided to fire som

27、e employees to _ the expenses of his company.(2012·長(zhǎng)沙同升湖實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高三期中考試)Acut off Bcut awayCcut up Dcut down答案D run out (of)用完，耗盡 【課本原句】 What if they run out？(P25)倘若我們用完了空間，該怎么辦呢？【聯(lián)想拓展】run across run into偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；偶然碰到run after 追趕，追求run for 競(jìng)選run over 軋過(guò)；碾過(guò)run away 逃離辨析 run out/run out of/use up (1)run ou

28、t 意為“用完了”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常為時(shí)間、食物、金錢等名詞。(2)run out of ( use up)意為“用完”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)含義，主語(yǔ)一般為人。(3)use up 意為“用光，用完”。為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)一般為人?？纯锤呖荚趺纯糡he underground water in Saudi Arabia might ran_out(用光) in 50 years.(2010· 安徽卷 · 閱讀理解E73)These two candidates then run_for(競(jìng)選) president in the general el

29、ection.Along the way，I realized that I had _ resumes(簡(jiǎn)歷)(2011· 安徽卷 · 完形填空) Amade use of Btaken care of Crun out of Dbecome tired of答案CMy money _I must go to the bank to draw some of savings out before I've none in hand.(2012·江西臨川一中11月份月考)Ahas run out Bis running outChas been run o

30、ut Dis being run out答案B under way 在進(jìn)行中；在前進(jìn)中【課本原句】 Tow special government projects are also under way.(P38)兩項(xiàng)特別的政府項(xiàng)目也正在進(jìn)行中?！韭?lián)想拓展】under consideration在考慮中under construction 在建設(shè)中under contact 在聯(lián)系中under discussion 在討論中under examination 在審查中under investigation 在調(diào)查中under repair 在修理中under trial 在受審中under co

31、ntrol 在控制之中看看高考怎么考Most of the meals can serve two people and are under_$10(十美元以下)，so not only is it affordable but practical as well.(2011·湖南卷·閱讀理解A)It is still under_discussion(在討論中)whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.(2011·重慶卷·單項(xiàng)填空22)_ spec

32、ial government project is under _ way to protect the river.(2012·江蘇省海門市高三考試)A/；/ BThe；a CA；/ DA.the答案CThe new building is _I hope we'll move into it by the end of this year.(2012·長(zhǎng)沙市一中月考)Aunder being constructionBin construction Con constructionDunder construction 答案D lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成；通向【

33、課本原句】 The population of the river has resulted in unsafe drinking water has led to health problems for people living near the river.(P38)河水污染的后果是導(dǎo)致飲用水的不安全，這給生活在長(zhǎng)江附近的居民帶來(lái)各種健康問(wèn)題?！韭?lián)想拓展】lead sb to do sthcause sb to do sth 導(dǎo)致某人做某事lead sb ton. 引導(dǎo)某人lead a simple/hard life 過(guò)著儉樸/艱苦的生活in the lead 領(lǐng)先take the l

34、ead 帶頭，領(lǐng)先lead to中to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不接動(dòng)詞原形。滿分作文之佳句aUsing the mouse for a long time may lead to painful wrists and fingers.bAround 540 million people are affected by secondhand smoke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year.cUsually negative attitudes bring about a bad mood.dThis results in its not be

35、ing prepared.看看高考怎么考What size of an organization may lead_to(導(dǎo)致) communication failures？(2011·上海卷·閱讀理解D)Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead_to(導(dǎo)致)kidney(腎臟)problems，including kidney failure.(2010·湖南卷·閱讀理解A)Look over there there's a very long，winding path _ up to the house.(2011&

36、#183;山東卷·語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)27)Aleading Bleads Cled Dto lead答案AWe firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only _ violence.(2007·浙江卷·單項(xiàng)填空11)Aruns into Bcomes fromCleads to Dbegins with答案C rely on 依靠，依賴【課本原句】 This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns and cities along

37、the Yangtze River and who rely on it for water.(P38)這對(duì)于居住在長(zhǎng)江兩岸和飲用水需要依賴長(zhǎng)江的所有城鎮(zhèn)居民來(lái)說(shuō)并不是好消息。rely on sb /sth 依靠某人/某物rely on sb to do sth 依靠/指望某人做某事rely on it that. 相信/信賴rely on one's own efforts/strength 依靠自己努力/力量看看高考怎么考It was dark and raining heavily，Ceely was relying_on(依靠) her GPS，but it made no m

38、ention of the crossing.(2011· 浙江卷 · 閱讀理解A)Ask to work with a different person，or don't rely_on(指望) the person.(2011·廣東卷·閱讀理解B)He can't_be_relied_on (不能指望)to tell the truth.I think I can come.But don't _(2012·長(zhǎng)沙地質(zhì)中學(xué)月考)Adepend on Brely on it Cwant it Dmake it 答案B m

39、y suggestion is that. 是一個(gè)常用來(lái)提出建議的句子，意為“我的建議是”?！菊n本原句】 My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(P23)我的建議是，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購(gòu)買物品的數(shù)量。和動(dòng)詞suggest一樣，suggestion后面that從句里需用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。advice，recommendation，order，request，demand等名詞后接表語(yǔ)從句、同

40、位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?？纯锤呖荚趺纯糞ince Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept_the_suggestion(接受這條建議)(2011· 湖北卷 · 閱讀理解C)This is our only request that this_problem_be_settled_as_soon_as_possible(盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題)My suggestion is that you

41、_ much meat.(2011·湖南邵東一中10月月考)Awouldn't take Bshall not takeCnot have Dwon't have 答案C 倍數(shù)what it was.【課本原句】 The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(P22)目前的世界人口與1800年相比已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到那時(shí)的六倍多?！氨稊?shù)what從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“是的倍”。英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：(1)倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than(2)倍數(shù)asadj./ adv as(3)

42、倍數(shù)the size (length，width，height，depth，etc)(4)倍數(shù)what從句看看高考怎么考In general，among women and men who are using either an antianxiety drug or a sedative，women are twice_as(兩倍多)likely to become addicted.(2010· 上海卷 · Reading Comprehension Section C)Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack

43、9;s，but it cost _ his.(2009·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空27)Aas much twice as Btwice as much asCmuch as twice as Das twice much as答案BMy uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice _ expensive.(2009·四川卷·語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)19)Aas BsoCtoo Dvery答案AIt is reported that the United S

44、tates uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.(2012·長(zhǎng)沙周南中學(xué)月考)Aas twice Btwice muchCtwice much as Dtwice as much答案D.短語(yǔ)填空wipe out，rise to，in addition，cut back on，take.step，set up，stock up with，under way，the number of，a success1The man worked him 16 hours a day and beat him in_addition2You must take_

45、 every step to keep down expense (費(fèi)用)，as we have got limited money.3Father is_stocking_up_with wine and brandy for the New Year party these days.4The workers are going all out to make the output rise_to three times what it was 5 years ago.5All the preparations are well under_way6The army factory has

46、_been_wiped_out by our bombs so far.7Students in our school gave their clothes to the poor children in that area，and the_number_of the poor kids there was about 900.8The school has_set_up a special class to help poor readers recently.9Professor Zhou donates 20，000 yuan to the school every year and h

47、e is regarded as a_success10As these new products are not selling well，the members of the board have decided to_cut_down_on production.同義轉(zhuǎn)換1As an economist，I'm often seen as being against the environment.As I am working as an economist，people always regard me as the one who is against the enviro

48、nment.2If you have any questions or comments，you can use this time to voice them.If you have any questions or comments，you can raise/voice them by using the time left.3My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduced the amount of things we make and buy.I suggest that we (sh

49、ould)try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.4The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.The world's population now is six times as much as what it was in 1800.5Asking around，I find many people willing to pay slightly hig

50、her prices for things that are environmentally friendly.When asked，many people are willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.句子翻譯1顯然，你很關(guān)注長(zhǎng)江的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。(obvious；be concerned about)It_is_obvious_that_you_are_very_concerned_about_the_environmental_problems_of_the_Yang

51、tze_River.2我的建議是環(huán)境保護(hù)者和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并肩工作，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)。(side by side)My_suggestion_is_that_environmentalists_and_economists_(should)_work_side_by_side_to_create_a_society_with_a_healthy_environment_and_stable_economy.3政府應(yīng)該制定法律禁止未經(jīng)處理的生活垃圾和工業(yè)垃圾倒入長(zhǎng)江。(prohibit. from.；be deposited into)Our_government_should_mak

52、e_laws_to_prohibit_untreated_human_and_industrial_waste_from_being_deposited_into_the_Yangtze_River.4難道你不認(rèn)為我們所提出的是解決問(wèn)題的最佳可行方案嗎？(raise；the best possible solution to)Don't_you_think_what_we_have_raised_is_the_best_possible_solution_to_the_problem?5我個(gè)人認(rèn)為全球氣溫轉(zhuǎn)暖會(huì)對(duì)地球造成意想不到的后果。(personally；have an effec

53、t on)Personally，I_believe_that_global_warming_will_have_an_unexpected_effect_on_the_earth.單項(xiàng)填空1Don't you think it _ for us to stop eating fish for fear of being choked by fish bones.Adelicious Bpoisonous Cridiculous Dhumorous答案C句意：你不認(rèn)為對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，因?yàn)楹ε卤霍~刺哽住就不吃魚肉是荒唐可笑的嗎？根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選C。2The fishermen keep fis

54、hing in large quantities and they have almost _ all the fish.Aturned out Bwiped outCput out Dset out答案B句意：漁民一直大量地捕魚，幾乎把所有的魚都消滅了。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用wipe out，意為“徹底消滅”。3It was already midnight and only three young men _ in the tea house.Aleft BremainedCdelayed Ddeserted答案B句意：已經(jīng)是午夜了，茶館里只剩下三個(gè)年輕人。leave離開(kāi)；delay耽擱，延誤；de

55、sert拋棄。由前半句的意思可知茶館里人不多了，所以用remain，表示“剩下”。4It is you rather than he that _ for this terrible accident.Ais blamed Bis to blameCare to blame Dshould blame答案C考查主謂一致。rather than連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于前面的主語(yǔ)，由此可以排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；be to blame意為“該受責(zé)備”。因此，本題選C。5It is already summer now in this area，and today's temperature has _ 38 ！Aapproached BraisedCestablished Dset答案A句意：現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)地區(qū)已經(jīng)是夏天了，今天的溫度接近38攝氏度。approach表示“接近，靠近”；raise為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“提高”，強(qiáng)調(diào)借助外力。溫度應(yīng)該是38攝氏度，故選A。6What's wrong with your phone? I couldn't get through.Oh，I was _ for not paying my phone bill.Acut down Bcut offCcut away Dcut through答案