雅思全真模擬試題A

1、CandidateNameINTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEMINSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATESDonotopenthisbookletuntilyouaretoldtodoso.Writeyournameandcandidatenumberinthespaceatthetopofthispage.Youshouldanswerallquestions.WriteallyouranswersontheQuestionPaper.Attheendofthetest,youwillbegiventhreeminutestotransfer

2、youranswerstoanAnswerSheet.Donotremovethisbookletfromtheexaminationroom.ThistestincludesTHREEparts:Listening(45minutes),Reading(60minutes)andWriting(60minutes).LISTENINGSECTION1Questions1-10Questions1-8Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Five-StarCaterersCustomer

3、BookingFormExampleEvent:Customername:Daytimetelephonenumber：Telephonenumberafter5pm:Numberofguests:Date:SeatingShape:Size：Numberoftables:2Asabove(Ifnooneanswers,3)45678Questions9and10Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.9ThemandecidestobookAathree-coursemeal.Babuffet.Cabanquet,10ThemanwillhavetopayA£7

4、50tomorrow.B£100perhead.C£1,500onthedayoftheparty.SECTION2Questions11-201Questions11-17Accordingtothespeakerwhendidthefollowinghappen?WritethecorrectletterA,BorCnexttoQuestions11-17.Abefore1837Bbetween1837and1900Cafter190011 TheEastFrontwasaddedtothebuilding.12 Thelastbigstructuralchangewa

5、smade.13 Thebuildingwasbombed.14 Thebuildingbecameapalace_15 ThebuildingwasknownasTheQueensHouse.16 TheHousesofParliamentweredestroyedbyfire.17 TheMarbleArchwasmoved.Questions18-20CompletethesenLencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.18 Upiopeopleattendgardenpartiesatthepalacee

6、achyear.19 Thegardencontainsmorethanspeciesofwildflower.20 ThepubliccanvisitthenineteeninAugustorSeptember.SECTION3Questions21-30Questions21-24Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.21Whataspectofhistoryisitimportanttolearnsomethingfrom?22Whatdowealsoneedtoknowaboutourancesto

7、rs?23Wherearetransferableskillsuseful?24Whatkindofapproachtolearningdoessocialscienceuse?Questions25-30Whatissaidabouteachofthesesubjectsstudiedonasocialstudiescourse?ChooseyouranswersfromtheboxandwritethelettersA-HnexttoQuestions25-30.AThiswillfocusonhoweachgenerationlearnsaboutitsownculture.BThisn

8、ecessarilyincludesastudyofphysicsandchemistry.CThisisstudiedfromthepointofviewofhumanbehaviour.DThiswillonlybecoveredintermsofitstheory.EThisalsocoversthedistributionofwealth,FThisincludesthestudyofarchaeologyGThishasreceivedcriticismfornotbeingscientificenough.HThisincludessomeworkonurbanplanning.2

9、5Anthropology26Economics27Education28Geography29Law30SociologyandsocialworkSEC1ION4Questions31-40Questions31-37Choosethecorrectletter,AkBorC.31Studentsshouldcompletetheirworkonthe950sAiftheywanttobeallowedtocontinueattendinglectures.Bbecausetheywillappreciatetheinformationaboutthe1960smore.Cotherwis

10、etheyfacethepossibilityofbeingfailedfortheircoursework.32Accordingiothelecturer,thebabyboom'happenedAbecauseofrelaxedattitudesinthesixties.Bduringatimeofwar.Cbecausepeoplefeltmoresecure.33Inthesixties,theUSAhad70millionAteenagers,Bbabies.Cadults.34Accordinglothelecturer,comparedtothe1950shthe160

11、swereAlessconservative.Bmoreconservative.Cjustasconservative.35Accordingtothelecturer,literaturechangedthewaywomenAover40weretreatedbysociety.8viewedissuesofraceinsociety.Cfeltabouttheirrolesinsociety.36TherateofcrimeinthesixtiesAroseninepercentduringthedecade.Bwasninetimeshigherthaninthefifties.Cwa

12、sninetimeslowerthaninthefifties.37Whathappenedatthestartofthe1960s?AthefirsthearttransplantBtheintroductionoftheinternetCtheinventionoflasersQuestions38-40Completethesummarybelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.InOctober,1962,USPresidentKennedymetadviserstodiscuss38whichprovedthattheCubanswerei

13、nstallingnuclearmissilespresumablytouseagainsttheUS,Kennedywasfacedwiththreechoices；totrytoresolvethecrisisdiplomatically；toblockthedeliveryoffurtherweaponsintoCuba；ortoattackCuba.Kennedychose39option,whichpreventedthebuild-upofmoremissilesandledtothewithdrawaloftheexistingones.Mostareagreedthata40w

14、asnarrowlyavoidedbyKennedydecision.READINGREADINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestionsl-13twhicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.HowMobileTelephonyTurnedintoaHealthScareThetechnologywhichenabledmobilephoneswaspreviouslyusedinthekindoftwo-wayradiowhichcouldbefoundintaxisandemergencyvehicles.A

15、lthoughthiswasagreatdevelopment,itwasnotreallyconsideredmobiletelephonybecauseitcouldnotbeusedtodialintoexistingphonenetworks.Itwasknownassimplextechnology,operatingonthesameprinciplesasawalkie-talkie,whichrequiredthatauserpressabutton,meaningthatonlyonepersonatatimecouldtalk.Simplexmeantthattherewa

16、sonlyonecommunicationfrequencyinuseatanyonetime.Thefirstmobilephonestoconnecttotelephonenetworkswereofteninstalledincarsbeforethehand-heldversioncameonthemarketandtherevolutioninmobiletechnologybegan.Thefirstgenerationofmobilephones(called1G)werelarge,heavyandanalogueanditwasnotuntiltheinventionofth

17、esecondgenerationQG)inthe1990sthatdigitalnetworkscouldbeused.Thedigitalelementenabledfastersignalling.Atthesametime,developmentsinbatterydesignandenergy-savingelectronicsallowedthephonesthemselvestobecomesmallerandthereforemoretrulymobile.Thesecondgenerationallowedfortextmessagingtoo,andthisbeganwit

18、hthefirstperson-to-persontextmessageinFinlandin1993,althoughamachine-generatedtextmessagehadbeensuccessfullysenttwoyearsearlier.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutthedevelopmentofduplextechnologytoreplacetherelativelyprimitivesimplextechnologyofthefirstphaseofmobilecommunication.Induplextechnolog

19、y,therearetwofrequenciesavailablesimultaneously.ThesetwofrequenciescanbeobtainedbytheprincipleofFrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD).Tosendtwosignalswirelessly,itisnecessarytocreateapairedspectrum,whereonebandcarriestheuplink(fromphonetoantenna)andtheothercarriesthedownlink(fromantennatophone).TimeDivisionD

20、uplex(TDD)canachievethesamething,butinsteadofsplittingthefrequency,theuplinkanddownlinkareswitchedveryrapidly,givingtheimpressionthatonefrequencyisused.Formobiletelephonytoworktoitsfuilestpotentialitneedstohaveanetworkthroughwhichitcanrelaysignals.Thisnetworkdependsonbasestationswhichsendandreceivet

21、hesignals.Thebasestationstendtobesimpleconstructions,ormasts,ontopofwhicharemountedtheantennas.Withtherapidincreaseindemandformobileservices,theinfrastructureofantennasintheUnitedKingdomisnowhuge.ManythousandsofreportshaveappearedclaimingThatthesignaisrelayedbytheseantennasareharmfultohumanandanimat

22、health.Theclaimsfocusonthefactthattheantennasaretransmittingradiowavesinmicrowaveform.Insomeways,publicdemandisresponsiblefortheincreaseintheallegedthreattohealth.Untilquiterecently,voiceandtextmessagesweretransmittedusing2Gtechnology.A2Gmastcansendalow-frequencymicrowavesrgnalapproximately35kilomet

23、res.Thirdgeneration(3G)technologyallowsuserstowirelesslydownloadinformationfromtheinternetandisextremelypopular.Thedifferenceisthat3Gtechnologyusesahigherfrequencytocarrythesignals,allowingmaststoemitmoreradiation.Thisproblemisintensifiedbytheneedtohavemastsincloserproximitytoeachotherandtothehandse

24、tsthemselves.Whateverdangertherewasin2Gsignalsisgreatlymultipliedbythefactthatthe3Gmastsarephysicallymuchclosertopeople.Governmentauthoritieshavesofarrefusedtoacceptthatthereisadangertopublichealth,andrestscarriedoutbygovernmentsandtelecommunicationscompanieshavebeenrestrictedtotestingtoseeifheatisb

25、eingproducedfromthesemicrowaves.Accordingtoman/,however,theproblemisnotheatbutelectromagneticwaveswhicharefoundnearthemasts.Itisbelievedthatsomepeoplethoughnotall.haveaconditionknownaselectrosensitivityorelectro-hyper$ensitivit/(EHS)fmeaningthattheelectromagnetismmakesthemillinsomeway.Theaciua!healt

26、hthreatfromthesepulsedmicrowavesignalsisanareawhichgreatlyneedsmoreresearch.ihasbeenclaimedthatthesignalsaffectattlivingorganismsrincludingplant工atacellularlevelandcausesymptomsinpeoplerangingfromtirednessandheadachestocancerOfparticularconcernistheeffectthatincreasedelectron)agnettcfieldsmayhaveonc

27、hildrenandthefearisthatthenegativeeffectsontheirhealthmaynotmanifestthemselvesuntiltheyhavehadmanyyearsofcontinuedexposuretohighlevels.Testscarriedoutonanimalslivingdosetothisformofradiationareparticularlyusefulbecausescientistscanruleoutthepsychologicaleffectthathumansmightbeexhibitingduetotheirfea

28、rofpossiblecontamination.Ofcourse,thedangerofexposureexistswhenusingamobilephonebutsincewedothisforlimitedperiods;betweenwhichitisbelievedourbodiescanrecoveritisnotconsideredasseriousastheeffectoflivingorworkingnearamastsometimesmounted0ntheverybuildingweoccupy)whichIstransmittingelectromagneticwave

29、s24hoursaday.Questions1-6Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswerIWhatwereearlytwo-wayradiosunabletouse?2 Whatdidyouhavetodoinordertotalkonaradiousingsimplextechnology?3 Wherewereearlymobilephonesgenerallyused?4 Whatdevelopmentintroduceddigitaltechnologyintomobilelekphony?5 Apa

30、rtfromtheareaofelectranicshinwhichareadiddevelopmentshelpmakephonesmoremobile?6 Whattypeoftextmessagewasthefirstoneeversent?Questions7-10Completethediagram.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.FrequencyDivisionDuplex(FDD):twosignaEsent7Questions11-13Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.11

31、3GtechnologyisbelievedtobemoreofathreattohealthbecauseAthesignalsaretransmittedovermuchgreaterdistancesthanbefore.Bthemastsareclosertogetherandemithigherfrequencies.C加signalsarecarryingbothvoiceandtextmessages,Dthqmodernhandsetsneededemitmoreradiation.12 Whymightthetestingofanimalsgiveusmorereliable

32、results?AbecausemostofthemlivedosertothemastsBbecausetheyarecontinuaDyexposedtohigherlevelsofradiationCbecausetheyarenotaffectedatacellularlevelDbecausetheyarenotafraidoftheeffectsofradiation13 Whati$believedtolimitthedangerfrommobilephones?AnotusingthemcontinuouslyBturningthemoffwhennotinuseCmounti

33、ngamastonthebuildingwhereyouliveorworkDkeepinghealthyandgettingenoughsleepREADINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.SomeFactsandTheoriesaboutFluTheflu,moreproperlyknownasinfluenza,takesitsnamefromthefactthatitissoeasNytransmittedfrompersontoperso

34、n(influenzaistheItalianwordforfinfluencedUsually,contaminationoccursthroughdirectcontactwithsecretionsfromaninfectedperson.Itsspreadisalsopossiblefromcontaminatedairborneparticfes,suchasthosethatoccurwhensomeonecoughsorsneezes.However,itshouldbemadedearthattheriskisnotgreatfromsimplybeinginthesamero

35、omasaninfectedperson,sincethefluvirus,unHkeotherrespiratoryviruses,doesnotdissolveintheair,Within4-6hoursofsomeonecatchingtheflu,thevirusmultipliesininfectedcellsandthecellsburstspreadingthevirustoothercellsnearby.Thespreadcontinuesforupto72hours,theexactlengthoftimedependingonthebody*simmunesystemr

36、esponseandthestrengthofthepart記Warstrainofflu.Therangeofhumanresponsestothefluvirushasbeenofinteresttoscientistsformanyyears.Thisisbecausetheeffectcanvaryfromnoinfectiontoarapidanddeadlyspreadofthevirustomanypeople.Oneareaofstudythathasreceivedparticularattention佰Cheimmunesystemresponseoftheindividu

37、al.Whereapersonsimmunesystemishealthy,thevirusIsattackedasitentersthebodyrusuallyintherespiratorytract.Thislessenstheseverityoftheillness.Incontrast,peoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems(typicalintheyoung,whereitisnotfullydeveloped,orintheoldandthesick,whereitisnotworkingefficientlyoftensuffertheworste

38、ffects.Oneofthebody'sresponsestoHuisthecreationofantibodieswhichrecogniseanddestroythatparticularstrainoffluvirus.WhatfascinatesmostresearchersInthefieldisthatthehumanbodyseemscapableofstoringtheseantibodiesaverawhofelifetimeincaseoffutureattackfromthesameorsimilarstrainsofflu,Itwaswhileresearch

39、ingtheseantibodiesthatscientiststurnedtheirattentionbacktowhatwaspossiblytheworsteverflupandemicintheworld.Theactualnumberofdeathsisdisputed±buttheoutbreakIn1918killedbetween20andSOmillionpeople.Itisalsoestimatedthatonefifthofthepapulationoftheworldmayhavebeeninfected.Throughtestsdoneonsomeofth

40、esurvivorsofthe1918outbreak,itwasdiscoveredthat,90yearslatectheystillpossessedtheantibodiestothatstrainofflu,andsomeofthemwereactuallystiblproducingtheantibodies.Workisnawfocusedonwhythesepeoplesurvivedinthefirstplace,withonetheorybeingthattheyhadactuallybeenexposedtoanearliersimilarstrain,therefore

41、developingimmunitytothe1918strain.Itishopedthat,inthenearfuture.wemightbeabletoisolatetheantibodiesandusethemtovaccinatepeopleagainstfurtheroutbreaks+Yetvaccinationagainstthefluisanirnprecsemeasure.Atbestthevaccineprotectsusfromthevariationsoffluthatdoctorsexpectthatyear,iftheirpredictionsarewrongin

42、anyparticularyearrbeingvaccinatedwillnotpreventusfrombecominginfected.Thisisfurthercomplicatedbythefactthattherearetwomaintypesofflu,knownasinfluenzaAandinfluenzaB.InfluenzaBcauseslessconcernasitseffectsareusuallylessserious.InfluenzaA,however,hasthepowertochangeitsgeneticmake-up.Althoughthesegeneti

43、cchangesarerare,theycreateentirelynewstrainsoffluagainstwhichwehavenoprotection.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthisiswhathadhappenedimmediatelypriortothe1918outbreakwithresearchindicatingthatageneticshifthadtakenplaceinChina.In2005,anothergeneticshiftinaninfluenzaAviruswasrecordedrgivingrisetotheH5N1strain,o

44、therwiseknownasavianflu,orbirdflu.Typicalofsuchnewstrains,wehavenowayoffightingitandmanypeoplewhoareinfectedwithitdie.Perhapsmoreworryingisthatitisastrainontypreviouslyfoundinbirdsbutwhichchangeditsgeneticmake-upinawaythatallowedittobetransmittedtohumans.Mostofthefearsurroundingthisvirusisthatitwill

45、changeagain,developingtheabilitytopassfromhumantohuman.Ifthatchangedoeshappen,scientistsanddoctorscanreasonablyexpectadeathratecomparabletothatwhichoccurredin1918and,giventhatwecannowtravelmorequicklyandmoreeasilybetweencountries,infectingmanymorepeoplethanwaspreviouslypossible,itcouldbeseveraltimes

46、worse*Questions14-20DothffollowingstatementsagreewiththeinlijrinaiioiigiveninReadingPassage2?Writetrueifthestatementagreeswiththeinfonnalionfalseifthestatementcontradictstheinformatiunnotgivenifthereisnoinformationonthis14 Theonlywaytocatchfluisifsomeonecoughsorsneezesnearyou.15 Ybubecomeaware3thesy

47、mptomsoffluwithin4-6hoursofinfection,16 Theeffectofafluinfectioncandependonhowstrongthestrainis.17 IhosewhoaremarclikelyIosufferbadlywiththefluincludeveryyoungorveryoldpeople.ISAlthoughantibodieslastalifetimehscientistshavefoundtheygetweakerwithm眄19Vaccinationislargelyineflectiveagainstflu.20Another

48、changeinihtgenelicmake-upofthe115N1straincouldkillmorepeoplethanthe1918epidemk.Questions21-24ClassifythefollowingstatementsascharacterisingAsomethingknownbyscientiststobetrueBsomethingbelievedbyscientiststobetrueCsomethingknownbyscientiststobefalseWritethecorrectletterAtBorC,21Sharingaroomwithaflusu

49、ffererpresentsaveryhighrisktoyourhealth,22Onefifthofthepeopleintheworldcaughtthefluin1918.23InfluenzaAvirusesdonotchangetheirgeneticmake-upfrequently,24TheH5N1strainevolvedinorbefore2005.Questions25and26Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.25Inwhichpartofthebodydoantibodies

50、normallyattackthefluvirus?26WhatkindoftransmissionoftheH5N1strainarepeopleafraidmightbecomereality?READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.ChangesinInternationalCommerceHowethicsandfairtradecanmakeadifferenceThepurposeofinternationalcommerceist

51、obuythingsfromandsellthingstopeopleinothercountries.Hundreds,andindeedthousands,ofyearsago,thisactuallyworkedquitewell.Peoplewhotravelledtoforeignlands,oftenbyship,wouldtakewiththemitemsfortrade.Agriculturalcountrieswould,forexample,tradeoliveoilorwineforweaponsorotherworkeditems.Allthatneededtobene

52、gotiatedwasafair'price'fortheitems,(Howmanyaxesisabarrelofoilworth,forexample?)Currencydidnotenterintothefirstdealsbutevenwhenitdid,fewproblemsexistedtocomplicatemattersbarringdisagreementsoverthevalueofgoods.Today,fixingafairpriceremainsatthecentreofinternationalcommerce.Whenwelookatthedeal

53、fromthepointofviewoftheseller,marketresearchmustdeterminethepriceatwhichthegoodswillbesold.Thismayvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountryandpeopleareoftensurprisedtoseeexactlythesameitemforsaleattwoorthreetimesthepriceitsellsforinanothercountry.Taxationandlocalgovernmentcontrolsaresometinrresbehindthis,buto

54、ftenitcomesdowntothefactthatpeopleinpoorcountriessimplycannotaffordtopaythesameamountofmoneyasthoseinrichcountries.Thesearethethingsasellerhastobearinmindwhenpreparingapricelistforgoodsineachcountry.Inmostcasesth?purpaseofsettingasuitablepriceistoselfthemaximumnumberofunits.Usually,thisisthewaytogua

55、ranteethebiggestprofit.Oneexceptionisinthesellingofluxuryorspedalistgoods.Theseareoftengoodsforwhichtherei5dlimitedmarket.Here,slightlydifferentrulesapplybecausetheprofitmargin(theamountofmoneyaproducermakesoneachitem)i$muchhigher.Forinstance,nearlyeveryonewantstoownatelevisionoramobilephone,andther

56、eisalotofcompetitionintheareaofproduction,forcingthepricestobecompetitivetoo.TheproducershavetosellaIdrgenumberofitemstomakeaprofitbecausetheirprofitmarginis5mMButnoteveryonewantstobuyhand-madejewellery,oramachineforstickinglabelsontobottles.Thisenablestheproducertochargeapricemuchhighenhanthecostof

57、makingtheitem,increasingtheprofitmargin.Butattheheartofanysale,whethertheysellmanyitemsforasmallprofit,orafewitemsforalargeprofit,theprimemotivationfortheproduceristomakeasmuchprofitaspossible.Atleast,Ihatwasthecaseuntilrelative!/recentlywhen,tothegreatsurpriseofmany,companiesstartedtradingwithoutpr

58、ofitastheirmainobjective.Bthicaltradebeganasanattempttocauseaslittledamageaspossibletotheproducersofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoodsinpoorcountries.Thismovementputpressureontheindustrytoseetoitthatworkingconditionsandhumanrightswerenotdamagedbytheneedforpoorerpeoplett>producegoods.Inshort,itdrewtotheworld'sattentionthefactthatmanypoorpeoplewerebeingexploitedbybigbusinessesintheirdriveromakemoieprofit.Therehavebeenmanyexamplesthroughoutthedevelopingwordwherelocalproducersw