jvyAAA2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)選習(xí)題模塊6Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld(含解析)牛津譯林版

1、Helping people around the world李仕才一、閱讀理解。Oxford English Dictionary(OED)editors recently noted that the three-letter word “run” hasindeed become the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for theverb form alone ， making it the most complicated word in the English lang

2、uage.The various definitions of “run” featured in the OEDs upcoming third edition begin with theobvious“to go with quick steps”， then continue to run on for 75columns of type.How could three little letters be responsible for so much meaning？ Context iseverything.Think about it ：When you run a fever

3、，for example ， those three letters have a very differentmeaning than when you run a bath to treat it ，or when your bathwater runs over and wets your cottonbath runner ， forcing you to run out to the store and buy a new one.And when you ran over a nail in theparking lot and now your car wont even run

4、 properly.God youd do things differently if you ran theworld.When the OEDs first edition came out in 1928，the longest entry belonged toanother three-letter word ：“set ” Even today ，the print edition of the OED contains some 200meanings ，beginning with “put， lay ，or stand ” and continuing on for abou

5、t 32 pages.So what happened? British author Simon Winchester believes“a f eature of ourmore energetic times ” made word like “set” seem more passive by comparison. “Run” appearsto have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution. “Machines run, clocks run, computersrun all of those meani

6、ngs beganin the middle of the 19th century，” Winchester says.So， ready to run through the whole list of definitions？ Ah， to read all 645meanings youll have to wait for the next edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.1Which phrase has the first meaning of “run” in the upcoming thir d edition of OED

7、?ATo run a fever.BTo run out to the store.CTo run a bath.DTo run a machine.2 What does the writer intend to tell us in Paragraph 3?102AVarious meanings of the word“run ”BHow to use “run” in specific cases.CHow to learn about the word “run ”D Different ways to run the world.3 What can we learn from t

8、he text?A“ Run” is the most difficult word.B The meaning of “ set ” continues on for 75 columns of type.C“ Run” had the most meanings in 1928.D“ Run” has 645 meanings for the verbform in the third edition of OED.4What made “run” become the word with the most meanings according to Winchester?A Oxford

9、 English Dictionary.B The various definitions.CUsage cases of the word “ set ”D The Industrial Revolution.【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。最近 牛津英語詞典 的編輯注意到由 3 個(gè)字母組成 的單詞“ run ”僅作為動(dòng)詞便具有 645 個(gè)不同用法，成為了英語中最復(fù)雜的單詞。無獨(dú)有 偶，還有“ set ”一詞，也是用法較多，在詞典中有大約 200 個(gè)意思。詞匯意義的復(fù)雜多樣 化是社會(huì)發(fā)展、進(jìn)步的象征。長難句分析： Oxford English Dictionary(OED) editors

10、recently noted that the three-letter word“run ”has indeed become the single word with the most meaningswith about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone， making it the mostcomplicated word in the English language.( 第一段 )譯文：牛津英語詞典的編輯最近提到 3 個(gè)字母的單詞“ run ”實(shí)際上成了唯一一個(gè) 僅就動(dòng)詞形式來講就擁有 645 個(gè)不同用法的意義最多的

11、單詞，這使它成為英語語言中最復(fù) 雜的單詞。詞匯積累： definition n 釋義，定義context n 上下文，語境，背景upcoming adj. 即將到來的1B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“ upcoming third edition begin with the obvious to gowith quick steps”可知，第三版牛津英語詞典中“ run ”的第一個(gè)意思是“跑”。A 項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)燒”；B 項(xiàng)意為“向商店跑去”； C 項(xiàng)意為“洗澡”；D 項(xiàng)意 為“運(yùn)行機(jī)器”。B 項(xiàng)符合題意。故選 Bo2.A 推理判斷題。第三段作者都是在介紹“ run”搭配的不同詞組及其意義

12、。A 項(xiàng)意為“ run 一詞的多種含義”，符合題意。故選A。33D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段中的“ upcoming third edition ”及第一段中的 “ become the singleword with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone ”可知，在第三版牛津英語詞典中“ run ”作為動(dòng)詞就有 645 個(gè)意思。A 項(xiàng)沒有提及；B、C 兩項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故選Db4 D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ Runappears to have earned some

13、major lift during the Industrial Revolution. Machines run， clocks run ， computers run all of thosemeanings began in the middle of the 19th century ”可知，“ run ” 一詞的含義在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期開始多起來。故選D。二、單項(xiàng)選擇。1.It is urgent that immediate measures _ should be taken to stop the situation.A. are taken B. would be taken C.

14、 be taken D. should take【答案】 C【解析】 It is urgent that.(should) do.； “措施被采取”用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：很緊迫的是 , 應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展 .2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legalaction.A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but takeC. have no choice but to

15、take D. have nothing to do but to take【答案】 B【解析】 have no alter native but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除. 夕卜另U無選擇” ，符合題意。句意：如果在本月底我們?nèi)晕词盏截浛?，我們別無選擇，只能采取 法律行動(dòng)。3. _ the instant message servicer WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friendsfor everyday communication.A. In need of B. By means of C

16、. In place of D. On behalf of【答案】 B【解析】 by means of “借助于” ，符合句意。 in need of 需要； in place of 代替，取代； on behalfof 代表。句意：借助于即時(shí)消息服務(wù)商微信，我們可以和朋友們保持聯(lián)系， 進(jìn)行日常交流。4. China has made a _ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia.104A. devotion B. commitment C. allowance D. combination【答案】 B【解析】 ma

17、ke a commitment 作出承諾； devotion 忠心，獻(xiàn)身； allowance 津貼，補(bǔ)助； combination聯(lián)合。句意：中國作出承諾竭盡全力幫助亞洲受海嘯襲擊的地區(qū)。5._ Thehills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting theenvironment.A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty【答案】 B【解析】 blank 空白的； bare 赤裸的， 光禿的； vacant 空著的， 未被占用的； empty 空的； 沒人居住的。句意：周圍光禿的山提

18、醒村民們保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _ or a major search throughhis crowded backpack.A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions【答案】 B【解析】 occasion 時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)； reminder 暗示，提醒； rule 規(guī)則； suggestion 建議。句 意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞滿東西的背包找半天作業(yè)本，薩姆就開始做起了作業(yè)。7._ For a temporary orlong storage o

19、f the product, please make _ to the storagesection indications.A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision【答案】 B【解析】 make (a) reference to 參閱，談到。句意：對(duì)于產(chǎn)品的臨時(shí)儲(chǔ)存和長期儲(chǔ)存，請(qǐng) 參閱儲(chǔ)存說明。8._To improve spoken English, Lucyat least onehour each day to recite Englishtexts.A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets do

20、wn D. sets out為“ run 一詞的多種含義”，符合題意。故選A。5【答案】 B【解析】 sets off 送行； sets aside 留出； sets down 寫下； sets out 開始。句意：為 了提高英語口語，露西每天留出一小時(shí)的時(shí)間來背誦英語課文。9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began toA. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away【答案】 A【解析】句意：隨著夜幕降臨，聚集在事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人群

21、開始散去。 break up 散（ 會(huì)） ，解散， （ 人群 ） 散開，破碎； break down 出毛病，失靈，分解，感情失控； break out 爆發(fā)； break away 逃脫。10._ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to 【答案】 A【解析】 There is no need to do 沒有必要做某事。句意：現(xiàn)在沒必要就給

22、我答復(fù)。思考 一下，然后告訴我。11.Today acupuncture, theart of “ magic needles ” , has becomepopular round theworld, _ have othertraditional Chinese medicines.A. so B. as C. that D. which【答案】 B【解析】as 表示像一樣，引導(dǎo)定語從句。 as 在從句中作主語，指代前面所說的內(nèi)容。 句意：今天針灸已經(jīng)在世界上受到廣泛的歡迎，像其它中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)一樣。12.Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to

23、 make a new life for herself.A. that B. this C. it D. her【答案】 C【解析】本句中的 it 是一個(gè)形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的賓語從句 that she wished to make a newlife for herself. 句意：蘇珊向我說清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英語中能 夠作為形式賓語的只有 it 。故 C 正確。13.She would be much healthier now _ with that much pressure from work when106young.A. had she not burdened

24、 herself B. were she not burdenedC. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened答案】 A解析】根據(jù) when young 可知，從句是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，由 now 可知主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事7實(shí)的假設(shè)，而在 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，如果從句中含有 had 、 were 或者 should ，可以 將 if 省略，然后將 had 、 were 或者 should 提前，構(gòu)成虛擬語氣句的倒裝。句意：如果 不是她年輕時(shí)工作壓力過大，她現(xiàn)在就會(huì)更加健康了。14.If you had listen

25、ed to me, we _ at the party. Move over. I ll drive.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 【答案】 C 【解析】句意：要是當(dāng)初你聽我的，那么我們現(xiàn)在就在聚會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)了。你挪過去，我來開車。 if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而本空表示與現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè)，說話人此 時(shí)還在路上，因此用與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。15. Thank God! The accident was avoided after all. That was lucky, but ten inches nearer th

26、e two cars _ ?A. was destroyed B. would be destroyedC. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed【答案】 C【解析】根據(jù) The accident was avoided after all. 可知兩輛車被毀了是不真實(shí)的，這里 的 ten inchesnearer 是遺憾的虛擬條件， 相當(dāng)于： If they had been ten inches nearer ， 因?yàn)槭菍?duì)過去的事情的虛擬，用 would have done。句意：謝天謝地，事故畢竟被避免了?！薄澳鞘呛苄疫\(yùn)的，但是再近

27、 10 英寸，兩輛車就被毀了。 ”16. I didn t see you at the concert last week. What a pity! If only Ithe time.A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford【答案】 C【解析】句意： “很遺憾！上周的音樂會(huì)上沒有看到你。 ”“如果我抽得出時(shí)間就好了。 ”從第 一句話看出答話者沒有去聽音樂會(huì)，根據(jù)答語可知，此處是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，因此選C。17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, bu

28、t the math classes and exercisesallmy spare time.A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up【答案】 C【解析】 句意： 我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的， 但數(shù)學(xué)課和練習(xí)占據(jù)了我所有的 業(yè)余時(shí)間。從句為含蓄條件句， but 構(gòu)成并列句，以真實(shí)的情況表示隱含的虛擬條件。10818._Without theleadership of our Party and our Government, we _ these splendidresults.A. haven t a

29、chieved B. wouldn t have achievedC. shouldn t achieve D. would not achieve【答案】 B【解析】 本題是一個(gè)使用 without 的含蓄虛擬語氣句， 根據(jù)句意可知是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬， 所以主句用 would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果沒有我們黨和政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們就不會(huì)取 得這些輝煌的成就。19. What happened to the young trees we planted last week? The trees _ well, but I didn t water them.A. might grow

30、 B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow【答案】 C【解析】 根據(jù) but 后的分句可知空格處為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣， 補(bǔ)全原句為： If I had watered them,the trees would have grown well ， but I didnt water them. 句意： “我 們上周種的小樹怎么了？”“ （ 如果我澆水的話 ） 那些樹會(huì)長得很好，但是我沒澆水?！?0._ The young man insisted that henothing wrong and_ free.A. did, s

31、et B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set【答案】 B【解析】 insist 后面跟從句，如果從句中的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)存在，謂語動(dòng)詞就不 能用虛擬語氣，如果從句中的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生， 謂語動(dòng)詞就用虛擬語氣。 句意：那個(gè)年輕人堅(jiān) 持說她沒有做錯(cuò)什么事，并堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該獲得釋放。21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks,_ themselves.A. expanding B. stretchi

32、ng C. prolonging D. extending【答案】 B9【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張， 使膨脹，詳述；stretch 伸展， 張開；stretch oneself 伸懶腰，伸展身體，prolong拖延，延長； extend 延伸，擴(kuò)大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作， 職員們站在桌子后面伸懶腰。22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit workhours to be_in some cases, where employers must be sure the work

33、ers do notbecome tired.A. expa nded B. en larged C. exte nded D. exploited【答案】C【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張；enlarge 擴(kuò)大，放大；extend 延長，伸展；exploit 開拓，剝削,開采。句意：中國法律規(guī)定員工每天工作時(shí)間可以不超過8 小時(shí)，但是法律允許在某些情況下延長工作時(shí)間，在此類情況下雇主必須確保工人不會(huì)感到勞累。三、完形填空。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C 和 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Not many people can say theyve been hit by

34、 a vehicle ，but I canrode my bike to my daily _1_practice in a gym last summer.I crossed the street as the light_2_；however，a young woman _3_ me with her fancy racing car.Like James Bond in a very_4_situation，I rolled across the hood（ 弓 I 擎蓋）onto the other side ofthe car.You may wonder_5_ a woma n d

35、river could be so careless.The truth is that the woman was onher phone while driving, so her _6_ was clearly drawn away fromdriving , which caused the accident.After assess ing my_7 and believ ing that all my bones were un damaged in anyway, I_8_ and talked to the woman driver.I could tell she was o

36、bviously quite_9_.So was I . After assuring her of my well-being, we 10_ ways.11 my surprisingly shabby bicycle, I went on my way.I rode into the_12_ _minutes late.Upon my arrival , my tennis coach and friends asked me why I was late.Nervously , I_13_the car accident.Everyoneseemed to be far more 14

37、 thanI was .In fact , I_15_ joked , say ing that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape.After this_16_, I realize the importanee of bike lanes and watching out forpedestria ns.Now as I drive , I always _17_ for people on bikes so that they do not_18_the same fate（ 命運(yùn)）that I did._19_ ,

38、 for all the bikers and runners out there,1010watch out for cars,as one small mistake could _20_ an unforgivable mistake1. A.footballB.tennisC. volleyballD.badminton112 A.permittedB brokeCappearedD exploded3 A.passedB greetedChitDmet4 A.romanticB humorousCawkwardD dangerous5 A.howBifCwhenDwhere6 A.p

39、assionB attentionCinterestD excitement7 A.needsB behaviorsCinjuriesD conclusions8 A.stood upB walked awayC lay downD blew up9 A.rudeB cautiousCforgetfulD scared10 A.partedB clearedC exploredD changed11 A.Turning inB Picking upC Putting aside D Giving away12 A.garageB parking lotC gymD bike store13 A

40、.avoidedB ignoredCpreventedD mentioned14 A.gratefulB inspiredC anxiousD curious15 A.stillBevenC justD yet16 A.attemptB sacrificeC exploration D accident17 A.look outB work outC come outD set out18 A.acceptB deserveC sufferD escape19.A.ThusHowever1012C. Otherwise D . Also20.A.repeatB. causeC. correct

41、 D. realize【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇痹隍T車去體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓(xùn)練的途中，被一輛 跑車撞到，幸運(yùn)的是“我”的骨頭沒有受傷。通過這起事故，“我”意識(shí)到了自行車車道 和注意行人的重要性?！竞诵脑~匯】watch out for密切注意vehicle n .交通工具，(表達(dá)和傳播思想、觀點(diǎn)的)媒介(物)，車輛fancy n .想象力，喜好，幻想v .想象，認(rèn)為，想要adj.異常復(fù)雜的，昂貴的，精美的assess v .評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)定，估算，核定undamaged adj.未損壞的obviously adv.明顯地，顯然地shabby adj.破爛的，骯臟的pedestrian n .行人

42、，步行者adj.乏味的，行人的1 . B 根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“ my tennis coach ”可以判斷，“我”騎自行車到體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓(xùn)練，故B 項(xiàng)正確。2 . A 根據(jù)該句中的“ I crossed the street ”可知，“我”穿過了街道；根據(jù)常識(shí)可 以判斷，此舉是在信號(hào)燈的允許(permitted)下進(jìn)行的，故 A 項(xiàng)符合語境。3 . C 根據(jù)該句中的“ a y oung woman _3_ me with her fancy racing car”，并結(jié)合第一段第一句中的“ been hit by a vehicle”可知，一位年輕的女士開著跑車撞到了“我”。C 項(xiàng)意為“撞

43、擊”，符合語境。4 . D 根據(jù)該句“ Like James Bond in a very_4_ situation, I rolled across thehood(引擎蓋)onto the other side of the car”可知，就像詹姆斯邦德在非常危險(xiǎn)的(dangerous)情況下那樣，“我”從引擎蓋上滾到了車的另一邊。5 . A 分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在賓語從句中作狀語；結(jié)合該句“ You may wonder_5_ a woma n driver could be so careless”及語境可知，你可能想知道，一個(gè)女司機(jī)怎么會(huì)如此粗心？ how 表示“怎么，如何”，故選

44、 Ao6 . B 根據(jù)該句中的“ The truth is that the womanwas on her phone while driving ”可知，這位女士在開車時(shí)打電話。據(jù)此可以判斷，她的注意力(atte ntio n)不在開車上。7 . C 根據(jù)該句中的“ believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way”可以判斷，這是在對(duì)“我”的傷勢(shì)進(jìn)行評(píng)定。C 項(xiàng)意為“損傷”，符合語境，故C 項(xiàng)正確。13A 項(xiàng)意為“需要”；B 項(xiàng)意為“行為”；D 項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)論”。8.A 根據(jù)該句中的believing that all my bone

45、s were undamaged”可知，我”的骨頭都沒有受傷；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”站起身和那位女司機(jī)說話。A 項(xiàng)意為“站起身”，符合語境，故 A 項(xiàng)正確。B 項(xiàng)意為“走開”；C 項(xiàng)意為“躺下”；D 項(xiàng)意為“爆炸， 爆發(fā)”。9.D 根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被這位女司機(jī)開的跑車撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，這位女司機(jī)很害怕(scared)，故 D 項(xiàng)正確。A 項(xiàng)意為“粗魯?shù)摹保籅 項(xiàng)意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”；C 項(xiàng)意為 “健忘的”。10.A 根據(jù)該句中的“ Afterassuring her of my well-being”可以判斷，在讓她確信“我”身體沒事以后，我們就分開(parted) 了。11. B 根據(jù)上文可知

46、，“我”被女司機(jī)駕駛的跑車撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”扶起(Pick ing up)了 “我”的破爛的自行車就上路了。A 項(xiàng)意為“交還”；C 項(xiàng)意為“把.放在一邊，撇開”；D 項(xiàng)意為“泄露”。12.C 根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“ gym”可知，“我”騎車進(jìn)了體育館(gym)，故選 G13. D 根據(jù)該段最后一句中的“ saying that now I know how the squirrels feelafter a nice escape ，并結(jié)合該句“ Nervously ,I _13_ the car accident可知，緊張之余，“我”提到(mentioned) 了這起事故。14.C

47、根據(jù)前一句可知，“我”提到了這起事故；結(jié)合該句“Everyoneseemed to befar more_14_ than I was 可以判斷，他們似乎比“我更加擔(dān)心(anxious)。A 項(xiàng)意為“感激的”；B 項(xiàng)意為“能力卓越的”；D 項(xiàng)意為“好奇的”。15.B 根據(jù)該句中的“ joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel aftera nice escape ，并結(jié)合前一句他們似乎比“我更加擔(dān)心的描述可知，事實(shí)上，“我” 甚至(even)開起了玩笑。16.D 根據(jù)上下文可知，在這起事故 (accident)之后， “我意識(shí)到了自

48、行車車道和密切注意行人的重要性。A 項(xiàng)意為“嘗試”；B 項(xiàng)意為“犧牲”；C 項(xiàng)意為“探索”。17.A 根據(jù)該句中的“ so that they do not 18the same fate(命運(yùn))that I did ”可知，現(xiàn)在“我”開車時(shí)總要密切注意(look out) 騎自行車的人，這樣他們就不會(huì)遭受1014(suffer)與“我”同樣的命運(yùn)。B 項(xiàng)意為“鍛煉身體”；C 項(xiàng)意為“公開表明”；D 項(xiàng)意為“出發(fā)”。18.C 參見上題解析。A 項(xiàng)意為“接受”；B 項(xiàng)意為“應(yīng)得”；D 項(xiàng)意為“逃跑”。19.D 根據(jù)語境可知，“我”現(xiàn)在開車總要密切注意騎自行車的人，同樣(Also)，對(duì) 于所有的騎

49、自行車的人和跑步者，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意來往車輛，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)小錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致(cause) 一個(gè)不可原諒的錯(cuò)誤。20.B 參見上題解析。四、七選五。By 2025 , water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billi on people .In a world where waterresource is increasingly short , nations cannot afford to waste it._1_After we use water in our homesand bus in esses , it is washe

50、d away, and takes many valuable resources with it.Waste water is rich in carb on and nutrients._2_ A nu mber of n ati ons and major cities havealready built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy , andproduce new water” that can be reused.But more than 80%o

51、f all waste water still currently flows intonatural ecosystems , polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverablematerials with it._3_ This is still better tha n the situati on in smaller cities .InLati n America ncountries , those living in small and medium-sized cities at most treat it