Computer—Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、 Unit 3 ComputersUnit 3 ComputersWelcome to the age of IT! Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作或情況雖然發(fā)生在過去，的動(dòng)作或情況雖然發(fā)生在過去，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，用來說明現(xiàn)在但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，用來說明現(xiàn)在的情況。的情況。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not.yet, just等不表等不表示明確的時(shí)間副詞連用示明確的時(shí)間副詞連用, 還可以和表示時(shí)間一還可以和表示時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到目前的帶直延續(xù)到目前的帶since, for 的狀語及包括

2、現(xiàn)的狀語及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的詞連用在在內(nèi)的詞連用.1. 兩種時(shí)態(tài)兩種時(shí)態(tài)如如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在現(xiàn)等。不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。等。 一般過去時(shí)則是表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生一般過去時(shí)則是表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況的動(dòng)作或情況, 與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。2) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) (am/is/are + 過過 去分詞）去分詞） 如如: The

3、 work is done during two days.2) 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) (was/were + 過過去分詞）去分詞） 如如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.3) 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) (will/shall + be + 過去分詞或過去分詞或 + be going to + be + 過去分詞）過去分詞） 如如: The work will be finished soon.4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) (is/am/are + be

4、ing+ 過去分詞）過去分詞） 如如: The bridge is now being constructed.5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) (have/has +been + 過去分詞）過去分詞） 如如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.6) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過去分詞過去分詞) 如如: This can be done in a few minutes.7) 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式 (to be + 過去分詞過去分詞) 如如: I

5、t is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 例如：例如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)由專家研究過三次了。這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)由專家研究過三次了。3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 這些年來這些年來, 這個(gè)小孩一直由王奶奶照料。這個(gè)

6、小孩一直由王奶奶照料。1. 主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如：主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。2. 說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。 如如: The door has been locked. 門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。3. 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并可并可 能持續(xù)下去。如：能持續(xù)下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告訴他這事很多次了。有人

7、告訴他這事很多次了。 （可能還會(huì)有人告訴他）（可能還會(huì)有人告訴他）（我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去）（我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去）4. 用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中, 表示將表示將來來 某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。如：某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。如： Well start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身。工作一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身。 1. 副詞的位置副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于等副詞置于have/has和和been中間。中間。如如: 誤誤 Such a man

8、has been hardly believed. 正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1) 如：如： 誤誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.2) 如：如： 誤誤 The door has been opened of itself. 正正 The door has opened of itself.3.

9、短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如：或副詞。如： The SARS patients have been taken good care of.4. 一些特殊動(dòng)詞一些特殊動(dòng)詞, 如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等等 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá) 相應(yīng)的意思，相應(yīng)的意思， 則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。 如：如： My brother has had(不

10、能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?(1) 如如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。 (不知道電腦是誰偷的不知道電腦是誰偷的) This book was published in 1981. 這本書出版于這本書出版于1981年。年。(2) 如如: The window was broken

11、by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him. 這本書是他寫的。這本書是他寫的。(3) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓之后作賓 語語, 將主格改為賓格。例如：將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 4) 主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：I have

12、 given him the key.被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：He has been given the key.被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：The key has been given (to) him.5) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí), 只能只能 將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z, 原來的賓補(bǔ)保留不原來的賓補(bǔ)保留不 動(dòng)動(dòng), 改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：I have asked her to help you.被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：She has been asked to help you.Look at the way your face has been washedLook at

13、 the way your hair has been combedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYoud better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been plantedLook at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been sweptI hope that youll come here again.the way the flowers have been plantedt

14、he way the grass has been cutthe way the paths have been sweptthe way your face has been washedthe way your hair has been combedthe way your shoes have been cleanedRead this poem aloud, paying attention to the rhythm and intonation. Then write your own poem.Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at

15、the way _the table has been laidthe glasses have been placedthe food has been cookedYoud better do them again.Possible version:Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at the way _your bed has been madeyour carpet has been sweptyour shoes have been tidiedI hope that youll come here again.1. Both my br

16、other work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up2. _ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told3. All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had bee

17、n completed D. have been done4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed5. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has

18、not been decided6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has 7. Hi, Tom, you look tired. - Of course. I _ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting8. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being p

19、ainted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted 9. Great changes_ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up 10. Have you ever_ to the exh

20、ibition which _for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted1. A personal computer has bought by us. A personal computer has been bought by us.2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer.3. A PC has been builded the way we w