高中英語(yǔ)必修四Unit 課文詳解Bookunit

1、必修四 Unit 2 Working the Land耕耘I Vocabularystatistic n.(pl. statisitcs)統(tǒng)計(jì) 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料sunburnt adj.曬黑的struggle vt. & vil斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力decade n.十年；十年期super adj.特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的hybrid adj.混合的；雜種的output n.產(chǎn)量；輸出strain n.(植物的)品種；種類(lèi)hunger n.饑餓；欲望disturbing adj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的expand vt. & vi.使變大；伸展circulate vt. & vi.循

2、環(huán)；流傳Vietnam n.越南Thanks to幸虧；由于；因?yàn)镾oybean n大豆skim vt.瀏覽；略讀battle n.戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量；斗爭(zhēng)ridof擺脫；除去be satisfied with對(duì)感到滿(mǎn)意would rather寧愿；寧可therefore adv.因此；所以；因而equip vt. & vi.配備；裝備sorghum n.高粱grain n.谷物；糧食；顆粒peanut n.花生export vt. & vi.輸出；出口nationality n.國(guó)籍occupation n.工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)personality n.性格；個(gè)性；人格confu

3、se vt.使迷惑；使為難chemical adj.化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的underline vt.劃地線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)summary n.總結(jié)；摘要；概要organic adj.有機(jī)的；器官的；組織的fertile adj.肥沃的；富饒的production n.生產(chǎn)；制造bacteria n.(pl. becterium)細(xì)菌pest n.害蟲(chóng)；害獸；害鳥(niǎo)build up逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā)lead to導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）nutrition n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物mineral n.礦物；礦石discovery n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué)focus n.焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn)vt.集中；聚焦reduce vt.減少；減縮

4、keep free from of使免受（影響、傷害）；使不含（有害物質(zhì)）comment n.評(píng)論；議論 vi。& vt。IIReading A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE所有人的開(kāi)拓者Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.盡管袁隆平是一位中國(guó)最著名的科學(xué)家，但他卻認(rèn)為自己是一位農(nóng)民，因?yàn)闉榱搜芯克??！咀⑨專(zhuān)篺or引導(dǎo)的分句通常對(duì)前

5、一個(gè)分句所說(shuō)的話(huà)加以解釋?zhuān)峁┡袛嗟睦碛?，但這個(gè)理由并非是真正的內(nèi)在的原因。如：The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因?yàn)轼B(niǎo)在歌唱。 試題： Its dark now, _ the street lights are on. A. because B. as C. since D. for 】 Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he

6、has struggled for the past five decades.的確，他那黑黝黝的臉龐和胳膊以及他那瘦小而強(qiáng)壯的身軀正像千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)個(gè)中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，就是為他們，他已經(jīng)奮斗了五十年?！咀⑨?zhuān)篵e like象：以的典型方式 eg. It's not like you to take offense.你不象會(huì)發(fā)脾氣的人. struggle for為而斗爭(zhēng)；struggle to do sth.艱難地做某事，掙扎做某事；struggle against與作斗爭(zhēng)；struggle with和作斗爭(zhēng)；struggle to ones knees掙扎著跪下；struggle to one

7、s feet掙扎著站起來(lái)；struggle through the snowstorm冒著暴風(fēng)雪前進(jìn)；struggle on掙扎著；堅(jiān)持下去； eg. 1) He struggled for the national independence.他為民族的獨(dú)立而奮斗。 2) A strong man will struggle with/against the storm of fate.強(qiáng)者樂(lè)于搏擊命運(yùn)的暴風(fēng)雨。 3) He has been struggling against illness for many years.他同疾病搏斗了許多年。 4) She is struggling t

8、o bring up a family on a very low income.她靠著非常微薄的收入艱難地供養(yǎng)一家人。 考題：（07浙）The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard】 Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybridrice.袁隆平博士種植所謂的超級(jí)雜交水稻?！咀⑨?zhuān)簑hat is called = so-calle

9、d所謂的?！?In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974年他成為世界首位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先驅(qū)?！咀⑨?zhuān)簍o grow rice作定語(yǔ)，修飾限制前面的名詞pioneer。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)判斷依據(jù)：(1) 動(dòng)詞不定式與前面的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如： I have a lot of homework to do.句中的to do與homework的邏輯關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系； (2) 動(dòng)詞不定式與前面的名詞有修飾限制關(guān)系，如： I have

10、 no time to rest.句中在to rest與名詞time之間沒(méi)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但卻有修飾限制關(guān)系。(3) 動(dòng)詞不定式修飾序數(shù)詞或修飾由序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞，如：He was the first student to come here this morning. 考題：1. (09重-29) With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing2. (09魯-22) We are invited

11、 to a party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding3. (09皖-28) The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced4. (06皖-35) Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, sa

12、ying that he was not the one _. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed5. (08申-33) If theres a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing6. (96申-19) When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send

13、 B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to】 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.這種特殊品系的水稻使得在相同田里的產(chǎn)量增加三分之一成為可能。 Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.現(xiàn)在中國(guó)每年生產(chǎn)60%以上的水稻就是來(lái)自這種雜

14、交水稻?！咀⑨?zhuān)簆roduced in China each year是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾限制名詞rice，且與rice的邏輯關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 考題：1. (09全I(xiàn)-35) Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. take B. taking C. taken D. to take2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. b

15、eing grown C. to be grown D. to grow3. (09申-33) With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected】Born into a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.袁博士于1930年出

16、生于一個(gè)貧窮的農(nóng)民家庭，1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。 Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.從那以后，想方設(shè)法使使水稻高產(chǎn)成為他畢生的目標(biāo)?！咀⑨?zhuān)篺inding ways to grow more rice是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)式形式?？碱}：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 It is/ was no use/good/ need + doing sth. It is/ was of little use/ good/ need + doing sth. It is

17、/ was useless + doing sth. 1. (92-40) _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. (97申-13) What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing3. (95申-23) Once your business becomes internati

18、onal, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying4. (08京-35) It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 】 As a young man, he saw the great need fo

19、r increasing the rice output.作為一個(gè)年輕人，他知道急需要增加水稻產(chǎn)量。 At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.當(dāng)時(shí)，鄉(xiāng)下許多地方饑餓成為一個(gè)煩惱的問(wèn)題。 Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士尋找一種不用擴(kuò)大種植面積就能增加水稻產(chǎn)量的方法。【注釋?zhuān)簊earch for搜查，搜索，尋找，探究；s

20、earch +處所 for +搜查目標(biāo) eg. 1) Were searching our conscience for the right solution to the problem.我們?cè)谏羁谭词∫郧筇骄吭搯?wèn)題的正確解決辦法。 2) The PLA are searching the mountains for the enemy.解放軍正在山上搜索敵人?！?In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.1950年，中國(guó)農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)的只有五千萬(wàn)噸水稻。 In a recent harvest,

21、however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.然而，在最近的一次收獲中幾乎達(dá)到兩億噸。 These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.這種增產(chǎn)就意味著22%的世界人口要靠中國(guó)7%的耕地喂養(yǎng)。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less dev

22、eloped countries to increase their rice harvests.袁博士現(xiàn)在將他的知識(shí)傳播到印度、越南及許多其他欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以增加他們的水稻產(chǎn)量?！咀⑨?zhuān)篶irculate (1)散布，傳播：在人們或地區(qū)之間廣泛傳播；散布 eg. Gossip tends to circulate quickly.流言傳播迅速. (2) 循環(huán)：進(jìn)入或沿環(huán)路流動(dòng) eg. blood circulating through the body.血液在身體內(nèi)循環(huán)】 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to

23、 rid the world of hunger.幸虧他的研究，在根除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中，聯(lián)合國(guó)有了更多的手段?！咀⑨?zhuān)簍hanks to; on account of; because of: owing to (后多跟褒義概念); due to(后多跟貶義概念)由于；因?yàn)?eg. 1) Thanks to your timely help, I managed to finish the work on time.多虧了你及時(shí)幫助，我按時(shí)完成了工作。 2) The accident was due to his careless driving.事故是由于他的粗心駕駛造成的。 3) Owin

24、g to your timely help, we finished the work ahead of time. 4) As a result of the bad weather, the football match was put off.】 Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.利用他的雜交水稻，農(nóng)民們現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是以前的兩倍?！咀⑨?zhuān)簍wice as large as before是以前的兩倍。倍數(shù)表達(dá)：A + 倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) +as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí) +

25、as + B. eg. This house is twice as large as that one.A + 倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + 比較級(jí) + than + B. eg. This house is twice larger than that one.A + 倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + the size/ length/ width/weight/ height of + B. eg. This house is twice the size of that one.】Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.袁博士對(duì)他的生活很滿(mǎn)意?！咀⑨?zhuān)篵e s

26、atisfied with; be happy with; be content(ed) with對(duì)滿(mǎn)意； be satisfied /content to do 對(duì)做感到滿(mǎn)意；(much) to ones satisfaction使某人滿(mǎn)意的是； satisfy ones needs滿(mǎn)足某人需求 eg. 1) I was not satisfied with the result. 2) He was satisfied to win the match. 3) Much to my satisfaction, my boss agreed to my suggestion. 】 Howev

27、er, he doesnt care about being famous.然而，他對(duì)出名并不在意。【注釋?zhuān)篶are about 擔(dān)心 eg. I dont care about whether he will come or not. care for(1)喜歡 eg. I don't care for tea.我不喜歡喝茶。 (2)照顧；照料；撫養(yǎng) eg. He's good at caring for sick animals.他精心照料生病的牲畜?！?He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.他認(rèn)為那會(huì)讓

28、他喪失做研究的自由。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他寧愿把他的時(shí)間留給他的業(yè)余愛(ài)好上?！咀⑨?zhuān)簑ould rather寧愿、寧可，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，所有人稱(chēng)一律用would rather。 would rather do 寧愿做 would rather do than do 寧愿(而)不愿 would rather than do 與其倒不如 would rather + 從句 過(guò)去時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)（虛擬）即sb. did sth 過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去（虛擬）即 sb. had done sth. 如：Id rather

29、you hadnt told him the news that day. would rather have done本來(lái)想而未實(shí)現(xiàn) I would rather you didnt.表示委婉拒絕別人的請(qǐng)求。 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿也不 考題：1) I would rather _ the football match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A. not have watched B. not w

30、atch C. hadnt watched D. havent watched2) Would you rather _ there tomorrow? No. Id rather he _ there instead of me.A. to go; will go B. go; went C. go; will go D. going; shall go 】 He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.他喜歡聽(tīng)小提琴音樂(lè)、還喜歡打麻將、游泳和讀書(shū)。 Spending money on

31、himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.把錢(qián)花在自己身上或過(guò)著舒適的生活，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么意義。 Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.的確，他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人有太多的錢(qián)會(huì)有太多的麻煩?！咀⑨?zhuān)簃ore rather than fewer相當(dāng)于too many,】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others

32、for their research in agriculture.因此，他拿出數(shù)百萬(wàn)元用來(lái)裝備其他人以便他們進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)研究。Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.然而，只是夢(mèng)想不用付出任何代價(jià)。 Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.很久以前，袁博士做了一個(gè)夢(mèng)：夢(mèng)見(jiàn)水稻長(zhǎng)得和高粱一樣高， Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as hu

33、ge as a peanut.每一個(gè)稻穗跟玉米棒一樣大，每一粒稻谷跟花生一樣大。 Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.袁博士從夢(mèng)中醒來(lái)，希望培育出一種能夠養(yǎng)活更多人的水稻，【注釋?zhuān)簑ith the hope of 帶著的夢(mèng)想 eg. Tom left his hometown for Wen Zhou with the hope of making his fortune.】 Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream:多年以后，現(xiàn)在，袁博士又有了一個(gè)夢(mèng)想： to export his rice so that it can be grown around