人教版新目標(biāo)八年級下冊_英語語法知識點(diǎn)精講+練習(xí).doc

1、教育精品資料新目標(biāo)八年級下冊英語語法知識點(diǎn)精講+練習(xí)(一)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。be going to do (動詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1 .表布預(yù)見Do you think it will rain?You will feel better

2、 after a good rest.2 .表示意圖I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：(1) will+ 主語 +do ？ Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?(2) there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Will there + be ？Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won' t否定句構(gòu)成： will + n

3、ot (won' )t +doSarah won ' t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+ will + 主語+？ What will Sarah do next Sunday?練一練根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句例：I don ' t feel well today .(be better tomorrow)JJ_ll be better tomorrow1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight )2. I ' m tir

4、ed now( sleep later)3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)4. We can ' t leave right now( leave a little later)5. The weather is awful today. ( be better tomorrow) 答案：1. She' ll have a lot of homework tonight.2. I ' ll sleep later.3. They ' ll buy one soon.4. We ' ll leave a

5、 little later.5. Maybe it ' ll be better tomorrow.(二)should 的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在 should后邊加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Students shouldn ' t spend too much

6、 time playing computer games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：(1) I think you should (2) Well, you could (3) Maybe you should (4) Why don' t you ?(5) What about doing sth.?(6) You' d better do sth.練一練用 should 或 shouldn '填空1. I can ' t sleepnight before exams.You take a warm shower be

7、fore you go to bed.2. Good friends argue each other.3. There is little milk in the glass. We buy some.4. They didn ' t invite you? Maybe you be friendlier.5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I do exercises every day.答案：1. should 2. shouldn ' t3. should 4. should 5. should(三)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行

8、時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動 作。1 .構(gòu)成was /were + doing , 例如：I was watching TV at 9 o ' clock last nightat 9 o ' clock last nigh時(shí)間點(diǎn)They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是時(shí)間段2 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at 8 o ' clock last night, this time yesterday。例如：I was having lunch at home this ti

9、me yesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。At that time she was writing a book.那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。)練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. This time yesterday I(read) books.2. At 9 o ' clock last Sunday they have) a party.3. When I (come) into the classroom, she(read) a storybook.4. She(play) computer games while her m

10、other(cook) yesterday afternoon.5. I(have) a shower when you (call) me yesterday.答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading4. was playing; was cooking5. was having; called(四)間接引語形成步驟：(1)不要逗號，冒號，引號(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)(3)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化(4)要考慮時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和語示代詞的變化。1 .直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接

11、引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)2 .直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語1. am / is1. was2. are2. were3. have / has3. had4. will4. would5. can5. could6. may6. might練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She said I (be) hard-working.2. Peter told me he (be) bored yesterday.3. She said she(go) swimming last Sunday.4. Bobby sai

12、d he (may) call me later.5. Antonio told me he (read) a book then.答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)2. I can speak three languages. ( Lucy)3. I will call you tomorrow. ( Mike )4. I ' m having a surprise party for Lana.(she)(五)if引導(dǎo)

13、的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語+將來時(shí)含義：如果，將要例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請求他，他會幫助你。If need be, we ' ll work all night.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1 .如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。If you the party, you.2 .如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。If it tomorrow, we.3 .如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。If you often, you.答案：1. If you go to the party, yo

14、u will have a good time2. If it rains tomorrow, we won' t go to the picnic3. If you often listen to English songs, you' ll like English二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路(一)題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生 借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和 句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思 通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

15、這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必 須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須 符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題 的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。1 .完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提 供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、 語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150- 2

16、00個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置 10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文 的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語境，對每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊?詞類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理 解和邏輯推理能力。2 .選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面 或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入 短文空格內(nèi)。(A)Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語

17、)“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. aGrandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. "Of course, you can. " replied (答復(fù))the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher ' s doMay I have a day off 5 ? ” The teacher was very surprised,

18、"Didn' t you 6 it just now? " "Yes, sir. But I can' t be here 7 , either. " The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn ' t you sayMay I“But you only 10 ushave two days off? ' " The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voic

19、e. 'have a day off!'")1. A. but)2. A. thought hardlyB. andC. orD. forB. thought hard and hardC. hard thoughtD. thought and thought3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD. Mr4. A. strikeB. best5. A. also6. A. speak7. A. tomorrow8. againB. tellC. hitC. tooD. knockD. onceC. sayD. doB. the day after to

20、morrowC. yesterday)8. A. laughB. to laughC. laughed)9. A. withB. onC. in)10. A. teachB. taughtC. are teaching(B)D. the day before yesterdayD. laughingD. byD. were teaching請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to,

21、 that, much, for, whatA generation gap (代溝) has become a serious problem. I read a(1) about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed ( 2) after quarrels (爭吵) with parents. I think this is(3) they don ' t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend 4) time in the office. they don &#

22、39; t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel (6) they don ' t have the same topiCS題)to talk about. I want to (7) parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling (8) your parents. They are the peo

23、ple who(9) you. So tell them your thoughts (想法).In this way, you can have a better (10) of each other.完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：1 .跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲 得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基 礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。2 .結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全 文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提

24、 示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭 配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。3 .瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對比較明 顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下 做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著 對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。4 .復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全 文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查?？此x定的答案是否使短文

25、意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法結(jié) 構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤答案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、 做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：1 .跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇 的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測全文主題 及大意。2 .復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境， 結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在 句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正 確形式。3 .三讀短文

26、、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再 細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是 否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考 慮。(三)課文閱讀指導(dǎo)1 .初中閱讀閱讀理解能力(1)理解主旨要義(2)理解文中具體信息(3)根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的意義(4)做出簡單判斷的推理(5)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(6)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度2 .培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣(1)擴(kuò)大視距(2)克服聲讀(3)克服逐字讀3 .猜測詞文(1)通過標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(2)文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和

27、深層意義，因此 通過文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測，以便正確理解。(3)通過語篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)行預(yù)測(4)語篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。(5)利用背景知識預(yù)測(6)利用圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練(答題時(shí)間：80分鐘).選擇填空。)1. Beijing won the chances the 2008 Olympics.A. to hostB. hostC. hostingD. hosted)2. Tiger Woods can make billions dollars a year.A. forB. with C. ofD. on)3. 一 You looked so beautiful at t

28、he party.A. No, I don ' t think soB. Of courseC. Thank you very muchD. No, I ' m not beautiful()4. The text is very easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a few B. a little C. few D. little()5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper "Who Moved My cheese ”was an interesting b

29、ook.A. that B. what C. how D. if()6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.一I don ' t agree. Speaking is reading.A. as important as B. so important asC. the more important D. the most important()7. If he harder, he ' ll catch up with us.A. work B. works C. w

30、orkedD. will work()8. The manager that the business would be worse after the stock(股票) wentdown.A. talkedB. toldC. saidD. spoke)9. We should keep in the reading-room.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly)10. I think everything goes on well.A. So I doB. I do so C. So do ID. So is I)11. If you want

31、to watch TV, you may turn.A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off)12. I ' m sorry I haven ' t got any money. I ' ve my handbag at home.A. missedB. left C. put D. forgotten)13. He is listening to the music she is washing clothes.A. afterB. beforeC. thatD. while)14. It takes time to go to Beij

32、ing by plane than by train.A. moreB. fewerC. longerD. less)15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?一Sorry, I haven ' t. Why you ask Mary? Perhaps she' s got one.A. doB. don ' t C. didD. didn ' t2 .選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。A. Your teacher won ' t let you inB. He said I couldn ' t stay out late.C

33、. I was doing my homework.D. No, they won ' t. Everyone will have a credit card.E. You should listen to somerelaxing music.1. What were you doing when the UFO landed?2. Will people use paper money in the future?3. I can ' t sleep, what should I do?4. If I wear jeans to school, what will happ

34、en?5. What did your father say?3 .根據(jù)漢語提示填空：1 .不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？I don ' t know to do, can you give me some?2 .外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。While the alien was a souvenir, I the police.3 .我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。On my way home from school, I saw a cat get a window.4 .我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。I don ' t want to

35、 talk it with you the phone.5 .我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會。We are going to have a party for John Friday evening.4 .完形填空：把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Three men went up in a balloon (氣球).They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They

36、were carrying the usual rope 華南子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went

37、higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men' s basket, and they could see more snow on theground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still fallin

38、g, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand.One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in P

39、oland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A. The men tried to throw out some more sandB. they were able to change its weight（重量）C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D. they climbed to get away from the snowE. the air there was very cold五.閱讀理解（A

40、）Einstein Was Waiting for His FriendOnce Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and th

41、en he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.1. What did Einstein do? He was.A. a doctor B.

42、 a teacher C. a scientist2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.B. Because he was waiting for a friend.C. Because he was thinking.3. It rained.A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time4. Einstein and began to write something on it.A. bought a piece o

43、f paper.B. took a piece of paper from his car.C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5. Which is true?A. Einstein was careful with his work.B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.C. Einstein was careful with his friends.(8)生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根 據(jù)15小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從 A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)

44、的圖畫(本題共有七幅圖， 你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。)1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2. If the person is bleeding (流血)badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body whi