專題14 閱讀無憂 閱讀回答問題技巧在手（學生版）-【中考手冊】2022年中考英語知識總梳理（牛津上海版）.docx

1、專題14閱讀無憂閱讀回答問題技巧在手L、思維導圖基本解題思路初讀：標題；首尾段及首尾句，過渡詞明主旨，理思路再讀：速讀題找關鍵詞 Q 定位查找整合答案L、知識梳理閱讀回答問題基礎“閱讀理解"的一種形式，考查學生信息查找能力、語篇理解能力和歸納概括能力。題目難度介 于閱讀理解和寫作之間,要求學生在看懂文章的基礎上給出的問題答案。要求學生要有很好的 閱讀理解和歸納總結(jié)的能力，并且能夠根據(jù)所給題目準確找出解題依據(jù)，給出答案，注意細節(jié)。 文體主要還是以記敘文為主，其他文體為輔。其中，問題類型的設置也是比較固定的。四種疑問句組成具體形式如下： 一般疑問句例如:Did Helen help Sa

2、hra to learn English?(上海 2010 中考真題)特殊疑問句(what, how, when, where, why提問)例如：上海2013中考真題Where was the missing college student found?Why do some experts worry most about young people?How can Internet addicts solve their problem?What might be the title of this passage?(ln no more than TEN words)反意疑問句：前否后肯

3、，前肯后否，看作一般疑問句，根據(jù)實際情況回答。(近5年中考卷沒有出現(xiàn)過反義疑問句回答，但是一模、二模卷中近2年還是比較常見的)Reporter: Sticky, what do you look for before burglarizing a house?Fingers: Well, first, I make sure no one is home and no one is watching. I nose around neighbourhoods where people don't seem to know each other very well. That way,

4、I won't be noticed. Next, I try to find a house where the people are on holiday and not likely to return soon. I do this by looking for houses with no lights on in the evening. Then I look at doorways. They're a sure giveaway（暴露） When newspapers, mail, and deliveries are piled up, I can tell

5、 that people have been away from days. I can even count how many days from the number of newspapers.Reporter:4?Fingers: Well, usually it's easy and effortless. Lots of times people leave a window open, or doors and windows unlocked. Then I just slip in, when I have to break in, I look for a pati

6、o（露臺）door on the first floor. They usually have weak locks and you can force them easily. I watch out for dogs, though. If I hear a dog barking, I go somewhere else.19. The series is mainly about how to prevent crime, isn't it?20. How long will Sticky Fingers spend behind bars?21. Where are news

7、papers, mail and dever-lies usually piled up?22. What best fits the blank?23. What phrase can you use if you are advising someone to take action to avoid an emergency?I would say ".24. Write at least 3 ways to protect your home against burglary. The first one has been done for you.1）Get familia

8、r with your neighbours.2）（2022-上海浦東新一模）Answer the questions.'Tve seen a huge difference in Irina since she started talking to a life coach/ says her mother Sylvana. l get on very well with Irina, but she can't always talk to me about everything. Talking to someone who listens but is nota clo

9、se family member is very important/What is a life coach?An athlete improves because he trains with a coach. A life coach can also guide you to success. A life coach encourages you to think not only about what you want, but also about how you are going to get it. Until now, life coaches have helped a

10、dults, for example business executives who need to make decisions or parents who want some advice on bringing up their children. Now it's the turn of our young people.Life Coach Simone WaltzSimon Waltz, a former radio producer, set up her life coaching company five years ago. "I offer teena

11、gers a place to talk, to decide on their future plans and to sort out problems, " says Waltz. Jem's parents are delighted with what Waltz has done. Jem has got a place at university to study medicine but he has decided to take part in a volunteer project in central Africa first. "Yes,

12、we were surprised, but Jem is still very young. This experience abroad will help him grow up before he goes to university here/Life coach Tara NewhouseTara tells the story of a 15-year-old who was failing in science, until they found out she learnt best through music. Once she made up songs to learn

13、 by, she achieved 99 percent in her tests. Tara has also helped Sylvana's daughter, Irina, who was not sure whether she would go to university. Now she hopes to get into a top university. Irina now feels more confident about everything. She has even taken up exercise for the first time in years.

14、Life coach Mo AhmedMo Ahmed has coached children as young as five years old, "It could be something as simple as leaning multiplication tablesasking them how they're going to do it, how are they going to make it fun?" Mo has also helped teenager Regina who was having problems making fr

15、iends when she moved to a new school. They talked together about the things Regina really enjoyed doing. By joining the school basketball team Regina has made several new friends.25. Irina and her mother Sylvana don't get on very well, do they?26. According to the writer, how can an athlete impr

16、ove?27. How long has Simon Waltz worked as a life coach?28. Who helps Irina become more confident?29. What problem did Regina used to have?30. Is working as a life coach meaningful? Why or why not?選擇疑問句（避免Yes/No,選擇性回答，也可以全部肯定或者否定）例如：Does Mary read space news or business news?最后一題開放型提問，要注意避免使用good, b

17、ad, great過于籠統(tǒng)的詞匯。要根據(jù)文字進行 一些更加詳細的回答信息。解題技巧：1. 讀懂問題-通讀全文-信息定位-準確表達-避免答非所問；2. 注意以材料為本。無論是單詞、詞組、句子，還是人、物、時間、地點、原因等，都要根據(jù) 文章類型準確填寫；3. 注意文章中的人稱和時態(tài)，做到問答一致?？荚嚂r最常見的錯誤就是時態(tài)語態(tài)用錯；4. 靈活運用同義詞語的替換和各種句型的不同表達；5. 對于開放性問題的回答，應根據(jù)文章提供的素材，根據(jù)全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、 立場展開合理的想象；6. 在對待生詞的處理上，要一分為二地看待。有些不影響理解的生詞（如地名，人名）可直接 忽視掉。有些生詞前后會出

18、現(xiàn)破折號、冒號或者出現(xiàn)that is to say或者that means等詞時，其 實就是解釋說明的作用?？梢宰⒁馔茰y出詞意；7. 態(tài)度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趨勢，所以學生要有心理準備，務必要把握好做 閱讀題的節(jié)奏。針對不同的提問形式，需要注意下列問題：what提問使用名詞、todo、doing句子等回答why提問使用 Because, for, since, as, in order to 等形式回答when提問使用介詞+時間，如：In 1948./On September 19, 2004where提問使用介詞+地點，如In the parkhow提問使用形容詞、副詞、by

19、doing、with.等方式狀語How long 提問使用For+時間段,since+時間點或者句子，如：For two years注：如果動詞是takes spend時，時間段是動詞的賓語，這時不需要介詞。How far提問使用 Five minutes' walk； It's about 20 kilometers 等等反意疑問句按事實回答，其中陳述部分為否定的反意疑問句回答是易錯點選擇疑問句注意不要yes和no來回答，直接進行選擇，也可以全部否定或者肯定一般疑問句注意應將簡單回答書寫完整（分步給分）開放式問題使用 1 think he/she ./We need to b

20、e ./I can learn . from him/her閱讀回答問題提高一、專題知識梳理學生們做“閱讀簡答”這樣的題目時，普遍覺得不難，而考試結(jié)果一出來，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)得高分 的不多，原因就在于這種題型不僅要求學生讀懂文章，還要求他們用自己的語言簡練的回 答有關問題；既考查了學生的閱讀理解能力，也考查了他們的英語表達能力和概括能力， 另外，對回答的拼寫、語法的正確性的要求，使得做簡答題有一定的難度。再加上解答這 樣的題型幾乎沒有猜題的技巧可言，也從某種意義上加大了做題的難度。要想取得較好 的成績，好的解題步驟和技巧是非常重要的。1. 通讀全文。做簡答題的關鍵是要讀懂原文，因此首先要通讀全文、弄清楚

21、段落大意及 文章的中心意思以及作者的基本觀點、態(tài)度，正確理解語境。2. 按題查讀，即根據(jù)問題去尋找答案。認真閱讀問題，充分理解問題，準確理解所問的內(nèi)容，確定需要在文章中查找的對象，避免答非所問。3. 簡練作答。在基本確定了每道題的回答內(nèi)容之后，就要用簡練、準確的英語表達出 來。注意回答問題時要切中要點，不要畫蛇添足。組織答案時，注意避免語言錯誤， 如：時態(tài)、主謂一致、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和拼寫等。如需引用原文，要作適當改動，最好不要 整句照搬.4. 認真核查。完成所填的答案以后，再將原短文和補全后的短文或句子放在一起,審讀一 遍，上下對比參照，逐一檢查所填的詞是否符合原文主旨和細節(jié)，是否答非所問，是 否仍

22、存在語法、詞匯拼寫等錯誤，另外還有一點也要注意：如果對字數(shù)有要求，是否 符合要求。5. 答案形式要符合提問方式。不同類型的問題要求有不同形式的回答，不能僅僅為了答 案的簡潔而忽略了問題與回答在形式上的對應。如原文中提問方式為“why”，那么就 要用“because”引導的從句來回答。二、專題精講回答問題注意十大點1) 用How提問，回答要以by開頭A. How did the judge solve the student's problem?B. (The judge solved the problem) By making the restaurant owner hear th

23、e sound of the falling coins.2) 用where/when提問，要以介詞in/ on/ at等開頭A. Where did the student live?B. In a small room near a restaurantA When did Eppie Lederer begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times?B In 1955. (or: After she won a contest.)3) 用how many提問，要注意數(shù)字前是否有限定詞more than/ at least/

24、about等。A How many readers do the two columns have?B Nearly 200 million readers (around the world).4) 用why提問，要以because(of)開頭回答，或者以To do開頭回答。A Why did the student feel afraid?B Because the judge said he was wrong / he had only a few coins/ he had no money.A. Why did Lederer ask her readers to write le

25、tters to The U.S. Congress?B. To make them pass the law.5) 用whom提問，要以介詞with/by等回答。A. Whom did Sam live with in the Wild Catskill Mountains?B. He lived with himself.6）How long提問時要注意區(qū)分在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中要用for+一段時間（since+時間點）開頭回 答，其他則直接回答。B. For 3 years.B. 3 hours.A. How long have you stayed in Shanghai?A. How lo

26、ng did it take you to go to school by bus?7）注意回答時態(tài)：A. How was the food in the restaurant?B The food was delicious/good.8）反義疑問句：Example 1. Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs, don't they?步驟：A.去掉反義部分（即don't they）B.把前半部分的陳述句改為疑問句，即Do both Eppei Lederer and Pauline Phillip lov

27、e their jobs?c.可以正?；卮鹆恕xample 2 The student wasn't happy living in the small room, was he?步驟：A.去掉反義部分（即was they）B. 把前半部分的否定句改為肯定句，即The student was happy living in the small room.C. 再把肯定句改為疑問句，即 Was the student happy living in the small roomD. 可以正?；卮鹆恕?）選擇疑問句：Based on her speaking, how do we sta

28、y young, to laugh or to cry?回答時，不以yes/no開頭，直接選擇其中一項回答，艮We stay young to laugh.10）主觀題:要以文章中心思想為基礎，通?？次恼伦詈笠欢蔚囊馑?，再用自己話概述A. As a teenager, will you run away from home? Why?B Because this was just the kind of forest he always dreamed about凈優(yōu)選提升題閱讀回答問題（2022上海黃浦一模）I ran up the stairs two at a time, holding

29、 the book from the library, the onewith my essay printed out in it. I couldn't wait to tell my parents. Before I could open my mouth, my mother looked at my book and frowned （皺眉）."Another new book, Mia?" she said. "You should be spending more time doing maths. Something you can ac

30、tually get good at Then she became homesick. "You know when I was your age, I used to attend my brother's maths lessonsYesh, yeah, yeah. I didn't have time for this.'Tm not you, Mom/ I yelled. The words came shooting out of my mouth, and my mom was shocked.'Tm sorry. I just mean

31、. Maybe I like something else.""Like what?” she asked. She put her broom down and crossed her arms. I bit my lip."Like writing?""English writing?” she asked, "like it was the most useless thing in the world, like I'd said basket weaving?”I nodded."You gotta be

32、native at English. And I'm sorry, but we are just not. You can, however, be native at maths/"I don't want to be native at maths.I said. My mother frowned."You're not getting it, are you?" she said. She sat down on the bed and looked at me in the eye. "You just can'

33、;t be as good as the white kids in their language, honey. It's their language/My gaze sank to the floor.As I dragged myself out of the room, my mother called after me, "Someday you'll think me! “You are I believe that if. I said to myself firmly.1. How did Mia feel when he ran up the st

34、airs?2. What was Mom good at when she was young?3. What did Mom compare English writing to?4. Mom didn't believe that Mia could be as good as the white kids in English writing, did she?5. Why did Mom frown at Mia again and again?6. What can be filled in the blank at the end of the text?（2022-上海青

35、浦一模）Read the passage below and answer the following questions （根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答下列 問題）6If you are a hiker or a nature lover, you'll enjoy reading A Walk in the Woods.It's a true story, written as a comedy. The author is Bill Bryson. Bryson returned to the US after 20 years in Britain and decided to g

36、et familiar with his native country by walking the Appalachian Trail （K可巴拉契亞山道）.The trail, about 3,500 kilometers long, is popular with thousands of hikers. It goes from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mountain Katahdin in Maine. The story offers a landscape of silent forests and beautiful lakes. Bu

37、t as a writer with comic genius, Bryson also finds humor in the struggles that he and his old friend, Stephen Katz, went through.Lots of silly things happen along the way. At the beginning, Bryson reads about the dangers of the wild and stays awake for hours each night, because he is worried he will

38、 be killed by bears. Later the two middle-aged men try to climb a mountain but get caught in a snow-storm. They get lost more than once, but they always manage to find their way back to the trail. They also meet a lot of strange people.But the story is more than just a laugh-out-loud hike. Bryson al

39、so talks about acid rain （酸雨）,the hunting of birds, and damage to the ecosystem （生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）. It怎 r mix of the silly and the serious, a fresh way of getting readers to actually care about the environment problems, As the website Book Browse said in a review, the book "will certainly become a modern c

40、lassic of travel literature,z.7. Bill Bryson comes from Britain, doesn't he?8. How long is the Appalachian Trail?9. Why does Bryson stay awake for hours each night during his life on the trail?10. What happens to Bryson and his friend when they try to climb a mountain?11. What is the implied （隱含

41、的）meaning of the underlined sentence?The book not only, but also.12. Please give a proper title for the passage. （No more than 10 words）（2022上海虹口 一模）Answer the questions.Real SuperheroesPhotographer Josh Rossi has used his cameras to show the world's real superheroes young children who are battl

42、ing severe disease and disabilities.The heartwarming project began in 2016, when Rossi realized his then three-year-old daughter's dream of becoming Wonder Woman （神奇女俠）.The photographer says, "I got so many emails and calls from families who had children with diseases. They kept telling me

43、that their kids were the REAL superheroes/'Since it was Wonder Woman that created the idea. Rossi decided to focus on the superheroes that appear with her in the movie Justice League. To make the photos more meaningful, he matched each child with a superhero. They had the most in common.Teagan Pettit was born with onl