過去分詞作狀語的用法

1、過去分詞作狀語(The Past Participle used as Adverbial)一、過去分詞作狀語的一般用法 1. 過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時間，原因，條件，讓步及伴隨情況等。過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，并且必須是被動關(guān)系。Asked how he broke into the room, he made no answer. （當(dāng)有人問他怎么闖進(jìn)屋里來，他一聲不吭。）_When heated，water will be turned into steam. 水加熱后會變成蒸汽。（表示時間） _Deeply moved by the film, we all

2、cried. 由于被電影深深打動，我們都哭了。（表示原因）_Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 出生于貧苦家庭，他只上了兩年學(xué)。_Given more help, we could have done the work better. 如果給我們的幫助多一些，我們本來能做的更好。（條件）_Though frightened by the big fire, he stood out bravely. 盡管害怕大火，可他還是勇敢地站了起來。（讓步）_The mother came in, fol

3、lowed by her son. 母親回來了，兒子緊隨其后。 （伴隨狀語）_He was walking up and down in the room, lost in thought. 他陷入沉思，在房間里踱來踱去。（方式狀語）2. 其實今天我們要學(xué)的這種語言現(xiàn)象，以前我們是這樣解釋的：當(dāng)表示時間、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句的主語與句子主語一致或是it，且謂語動詞含有be，則從主與be可省。分析：Once this novel is published, it will be popular. 一旦出版，這本小說將會很暢銷。= Once published, this novel wil

4、l be popular. When asked about his secret of success, he owed much of his success to his wife and children. = _ , he owed While watching Titanic, they couldnt help crying. =_ , they couldnt 復(fù)習(xí)了這一點之后，請你把以上第一點中的劃線部分都改變成狀語從句。3. 完成了對劃線部分的變換，我們深深地感覺到過去分詞與句子主語之間的_關(guān)系。作狀語的過去分詞與部分從屬連詞一起連用，是為了讓過去分詞某種成分更加突出。On

5、ce seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)，它就永遠(yuǎn)不會被忘記。If bitten by a snake, you should send for a doctor and dont walk. 如果被蛇咬了，應(yīng)該派人去請醫(yī)生，不要走動?？梢? 過去分詞前面的連詞只是起個強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。二、過去分詞與V-ing作狀語的區(qū)別1. 過去分詞表示被動或完成的動作，V-ing表示主動或進(jìn)行的動作。Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. 從遠(yuǎn)處看，這座山看起來想一頭大象。Seeing the

6、 mountain, he always thinks of his childhood. 每當(dāng)看到這座山，他總會想起他的童年。2. V-ing 的被動式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動動作，過去分詞表示完成的被動動作。Being helped by Professor Wu, Sara will learn Chinese well. 在吳教授的幫助下，薩拉將會學(xué)好漢語。Helped by Professor Wu, Sara has learnt Chinese well. 在吳教授的幫助下，薩拉的漢語已學(xué)得很好。3. V-ing 的被動完成式表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作，過去分詞所表示的動作有時發(fā)生在謂

7、語動詞前，有時與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，有時表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)。Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. 準(zhǔn)確地回答了老師的問題，老師讓我坐下。Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 如果多給的時間，我們就能及時完成這項任務(wù)。三、過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)過去分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般情況下通常是句子的主語。但是，過去分詞的邏輯主語若不是句子的主語時，通常會將邏輯主語保留。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞帶有自己的邏輯主語。這種現(xiàn)象叫分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。只用來做

8、狀語表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況。例如：The table set, they began to have lunch. 桌子擺好后，他們開始吃午飯。（表時間）All his money gone, he began to look for a job. 所有的錢用光了，他就開始找工作。（表原因）All things considered, the meeting had to be put off. 如果全面考慮，會議不得不推遲。（表條件）He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，頭枕著雙手

9、。（表方式）He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他滿臉是汗地跑進(jìn)屋里。（表伴隨）四、重點提示過去分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在較口語的問題中還可以用“with/without+名詞/代詞+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)代替，通常也是表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。例如：With the experiments carried out ,we started new studies.實驗一做完，我們就開始心得研究。（表時間）With my sister gone, there was nobody to help the old woman.我姐

10、姐一走，就沒有人幫助那位老大娘了。（表原因）The old gentleman was walking, with his arms folded across his chest. 那位老人在散步，雙臂交叉放在胸前。（表方式）Henry left the classroom, without a word spoken. 亨利一句話也沒有說就離開了教室。（表伴隨）請你翻譯一句： 他正靠墻站著，手交叉在腦后。 He was standing _ the wall, _ . 1. 【2004年全國卷，25】It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when

11、 _ meeting by my boss. A. Questioning B. having questioned C. Questioned D. to be questioned2. 【2001年全國】 _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. having slept 3. 【2004年遼寧，30】_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days

12、on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 4. 【2003年上海，39】 Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken5. 【2005年江蘇，27】 _ in the mountains for a week, the two studen

13、ts were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 6. _（從頂部看），the new Olympic Stadium in Beijing will look wonderful like a birds nest. 7._(用鮮亮的顏色印刷)，the poster caught everybodys attention.8._(當(dāng)被問到她的愿望時)，the little girl smiled. 9._(即使被邀請)，I wont go to her birthday party.10.He walked into the classroom,_(后面跟著幾個學(xué)生).11. The English Romantic poets are greatly loved in China. （改為同義句）_ _in China are the English Romantic poets.12. Once it was published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. (改為過去分詞做狀語)_ _