如何概括文章大意 (2)

1、Summary of Task Writing(高二)如何寫(xiě)文章摘要：1.閱讀短文，找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。2.概括，轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn)。在找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)后，就要用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。要注意在用詞或句式上做到同義替換，避免抄襲嫌疑。3.不要太啰嗦，30個(gè)詞左右；建議控制在2535詞之間。解題技巧：(1) 記敘文：找出時(shí)間(when),地點(diǎn)(where),什么人(who)，做了什么事(what),結(jié)果怎么樣(how)等五要素。其中,最重要的要點(diǎn)是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夾敘夾議的文章,還要加上作者的看法、觀點(diǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或感悟。(2)說(shuō)明文和新聞報(bào)道：通常會(huì)有中心句(多在首段)，寫(xiě)概要

2、時(shí)注意要找出中心句，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)現(xiàn)象分析型說(shuō)明文，要找出“現(xiàn)象”、“造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因”、“解決這種現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題的措施或建議”。(3)議論文：找出論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二的觀點(diǎn)的，兩種觀點(diǎn)都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點(diǎn)。:(4)發(fā)言稿：通常會(huì)很明確地表明觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，寫(xiě)概要時(shí)要從發(fā)言者的言語(yǔ)中明確作者的態(tài)度，把握作者的寫(xiě)作目的?；蛳雀爬慷未笠?，進(jìn)而歸納全文主旨。2009年廣東高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)：閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala(考拉)at t

3、he Featherdal Wildlife Park in southern AustraliaAll the koalas there are unhappy and complaining. You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it offThats right-sleep it offThe average koala is always half asleep because

4、 it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy The reason Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is that they can be hugged and photographed by tourists，who make the trips to Featherdale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that

5、special experienceWhatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now moving to make the practice illegal，which is understandableHow would you react，my friend，if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round，furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?分析：本文為

6、說(shuō)明文。1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，指出現(xiàn)象：koala 生氣（annoyed,unhappy)2.分析原因:koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep, they can be hugged and photographed by tourist.3.說(shuō)明結(jié)果： government is moving to make the practice illegal.09年滿分作文： Koalas in wildlife parks cant fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them. The g

7、overnment is thinking to make the tourists behaviour illegal to protect the animals.2010年廣東高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)：閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicted to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as Whos the Boss?Then one day Ethans mother made

8、 him an offer in order to draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV. None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV. His mom paid him $200. He went out and bought a TV, the biggest he could find.In re

9、cent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will. Psychologists warn th

10、at money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases.分析：概括應(yīng)包括以下要點(diǎn)：(1) Ethans mom used money to encourage him, but failed.

11、(2) Kids are happy.(3) Teachers and psychologists are upset. From the passage，we know that Ethans mother paid him money to help him keep away TV and go back to school, but she failed. The school kids like this way of getting cash for good grades, but the teachers and psychologists are worried about

12、it. A Lee Hee-Ah, a Korean pianist in her twenties, was born with severe disabilities, including only two fingers present on each hand, short legs under the knees due to a congenital disorder, and mild brain damage. Later at three she had to have the legs below the knees removed. When she was 7, her

13、 mother started her on the piano to train her hands, which at the time couldnt even hold a pencil. It is not hard to imagine how diligent and persevered she had to be. Her efforts have paid off. She has played in many solo-concerts along with playing with many well-known artists successfully and has

14、 won many contests. She even released an album.“Do not compare yourself to others. Try hard to become whatever you want to be.” Lee Hee-Ah said. What an incredible girl she is a living and wonderful example to the rest of us who may not be so physically challenged! Lee Hee-Ahs music convinces us aga

15、in that art us not a body or brain but the expression of a soul._ BSome people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability. They feel hopeless about it. Can you learn to read better, or must you agree that nothing can be done about it?To be sure, people are different.

16、You can not do everything as well as certain other people do. All the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way,

17、and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. Some seem to enjoy reading and to read well without any special help. Others find reading a slow and tiring job. In between, there are all degrees of reading ability. Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve h

18、is reading ability. In these experiments, the poor students were given tests of reading ability. After some of the causes of their poor reading were discovered, they were given special instruction and practice in reading. After a few months, another same kind of test was given. In nearly all cases,

19、these people had raised their reading scores._CLaughter is a great thing-thats why weve all heard the saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” There is strong evidence that laughter can actually do a number of positive physical things to improve health and help fight diseases. Blood pressure is lowe

20、red, and there is an increase in blood flow and in oxygenation of the blood, which further assists healing. In addition, people often store negative emotions, such as anger, sadness and fear, rather than expressing them. Laughter provides a way for these emotions to be harmlessly released. Thats why

21、 some people who are upset or stressed out go to a funny movie or a comedy club, so they can laugh the negative emotions away. Otherwise, these negative emotions, when held inside, may cause biochemical changes that can affect our bodies. What may surprise you even more is the fact that researchers

22、estimate that laughing 100 times is equal to 10 minutes on the rowing machine or 15 minutes on an exercise bike. Laughing can be a total body workout!_A分析：這是一篇記敘文，概括要點(diǎn)需包括：who= Lee Hee-Ah, a Korean pianist, born with severe disabilitieswhat= paid off, won many contestswhy=with diligence and persevera

23、nce how= a living and wonderful example to the rest of usFrom the passage we learn that a disabled pianist achieves success with diligence and perseverance, who has set a good example to us able-bodied people.(25 words) B分析：這是一篇議論文，寫(xiě)摘要主要是抓住論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論，然后用自己的話將其表達(dá)出來(lái)即可。1.第一段末句用提問(wèn)的方式提出論點(diǎn)：you can learn to read better；2.第二段和第二段進(jìn)行論證(找論據(jù))：(1)even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the rig