高一定語從句講解

1、高一定語從句講解嘉定二中高一英語組第一講1、功能：相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語一： 先行詞： 被定語從句所修飾的詞 二： 關系代詞：用來連接定語從句，并在從句中代表先行詞的代詞。先行詞是物： which that 先行詞是人： who whom that 在從句中充當?shù)某煞郑?主語、賓語 （1）先找關系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧?e.g. 把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句1. They had a radio. It could send out messages. They had a radio which/ that could

2、 send out message. (主語)2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now. _3. He always buys some books. He never read them. _注意點：1.） 定語從句一般直接跟在先行詞的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( ) 5. The car which my uncle just bought was des

3、troyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( )2）關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager. 7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to give m

4、e the name.2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale.7

5、. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive. 第二講whose 的用法：關系代詞與其后的名詞構成所有格，即“的”時，它既可以修飾指人的先行詞，也可以修飾指物的先行詞。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. 2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red. The book whose cover i

6、s red is not mine ( The book the cover of which is red is not mine)3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xian. _ 4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south. _ 5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken. _限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。e.g. I was the

7、only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）that與which的區(qū)別1）用that而不用 which的情況 先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, ；先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；先行詞有only

8、, very, any等詞修飾； 先行詞既有人又有物時。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。_ 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。_ 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。2）用which而不用 that的情況： 引導非限制性定語從句；指代前面整個主句的意思；介詞 + 關系代詞。e.g. He had failed in

9、the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.2. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. It was a meeting whose impor

10、tance I didnt realize at the time.4. The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5. Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.6. He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised. 第三講關系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞?？梢蕴崆?，但介詞提前時，關系代詞只能用which 或whome

11、.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him._4. It is a famo

12、us school. He graduated from it 3 years ago. _介詞的確定應依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習慣性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是習慣性搭配)介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)有一些動詞短語中的介詞是固定搭配，不可以拆開， (look after take

13、 care of look for)e.g. 5. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for. 6. The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. This is the

14、house about which we wrote to you.2. Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.4. This is Peter in whose house I have lived for five years.第四講關系副詞： when where why當先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用when，在定語從句中充當時間狀語，這時一般可以用介詞w

15、hich來代替:e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning._當先行詞是表示地點的名詞，用where，在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，這時一般可以用介詞which來代替:e.g. 3. This is the house. /

16、He used to live in the house.This is the house where/ in which he used to live.4. I know of a place. / We can swim in that place._先行詞是表示原因的名詞，即reason，用why，在定語從句中充當原因狀語，這時一般可以用for which來代替:e.g. 5. I dont know the reason. / He did it for this reason.I dont know the reason why/ for which he did it.6. T

17、he reason was not clear. / He was fired for it._找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries.2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3. I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4. Be sure to call on us next t

18、ime when you come to town.5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.第五講注意點：要注意判斷關系詞及關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧.g. 1. This is the house He visited it yesterday.This is the house. He once lived in it.This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday.This is th

19、e house where/in which he once lived.2. We will remember the day. We spent the day together. _We will remember the day. We worked on this day together. _找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. I will show you to the factory which produces this kind of TV sets.2. I will show you to the factory where he has work

20、ed for five years.3. I will show you to the factory whose workers are all disabled people.4. I will show you to the factory which your factory once visited five years ago. 第六講定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題as引導定語從句時的用法1. as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same as, such as結構中。e.g. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made i

21、n China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。_ 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。2. as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。 關系代詞在

22、從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)應由先行詞決定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks.（one為先行詞）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（st

23、udents為先行詞）定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.幾個特殊的定語從句句型：1. Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is

24、this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? 2. situation后常用where,in which引導定語從句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或省略來引導定語從句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?4. He stood at the window, from where h

25、e could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner.2. As is known to all, water resources are very limited on the earth.3. He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.4. They stayed

26、for the night in the same room as they had once rented5. I dont like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.定語從句配套練習 第一講 一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the nex

27、t room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderfu

28、l. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分The thief who had robbed the man was caught by the policeman.I have to make up for the test that I missed

29、last week.The car I hired broke down on my way home.Thank you very much for the present you sent me.Do you know anyone who wants to buy a second-hand motorbike. 第二講 一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：1. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.2. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just no

30、w.3. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.4. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.5. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.把下列每對句子合并成含有非限制性定語從句的主從復合句：6. He has a brother. He is an artist.7. This poem was written by the famous writer. Almost everybody kn

31、ows it.8. They have invited me to dinner. It is very kind of them.9. My father arrived at the town yesterday. He had been on a visit to American.10. The travelers took another road. They knew about the floods.用that 、which或whose將下列每一組句子合并成一個含有定語從句的復合句 1. A plane is a machine. A plane can fly.2. Tea i

32、s mostly from China. It is loved by many peoples in the world.3. All the students in my class like the book. The book tells about Harry Porter.4. I have a very smart brother. He is only seventeen years old now.5. An earthquake happened in 1976. The earthquake totally destroyed Tangshan.6. Everybody

33、wants to enjoy the picture. You took the picture just yesterday.7. My wife is a very efficient woman. Her class always comes out first in the school.8. I stayed in a nice room in Qingdao. The window of the room opens to the sea.9. Im sorry to have killed the hen. It lays ten eggs every day on averag

34、e.10. I like this new book very much. Its cover is designed by a friend of mine.11. In front of my village flows a small river. It is not polluted yet.12. Who is the gentleman? He is standing over there.13. Did you see a novel named The Godfather? It was on my desk just now.14. I used to work with a

35、 computer company. The company has a staff of over 600.15. B. Gates is the richest man in the world. His wealth comes to some $50 billion.16. These are the books. You will need them.17. The car broke down halfway to Hangzhou. We were driving the car there.18. Lecture Room（百家講壇） is a famous program.

36、Many people like it.19. China is an ancient country. Its history covers about 5,000 years.20. My father is a teacher of physics. His job is taking care of his students.第三講 一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：16. The service should be improved. The students complain a lot about it. 17. They passed a factory. At

37、 the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思， 填入介詞加關系代詞費1. The per

38、son _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ he was writing broke.4. The two things _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ this is one example

39、, are well written.7. The ship, _ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.8. The family _ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.9. He has written a book, the name _ I have completely forgotten.10. It is a family of eight children, all _ are studying music.11. Ca

40、n you suggest a time _ it will be convenient to meet.12. The town, _ they came, was in the north of the province.13. The fur coat _ the lady was dressed was very expensive.14 The emperor, _ the palace was built, was very cruel.15. He had a dream _ he was taken to the amusement park.16. The money _ h

41、e bought the bike, was given by his grandfather.17. Ann White, _ we received the invitation, lives next door to us.18. The story, _ the film is based , is a true one.第四講 一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：1. I still remember the day. We first met on the day.2. Is there any shop around? I can buy a pen in the

42、shop.3. The year 1986 was important in history. The American astronauts first landed on the moon in this year. 5. The city is on the new railway line. I was born in this city.6. This is the reason. He left the company.第五講 e.g. This is the date _ were proud of.This is the date _ he was born.I will ne

43、ver forget the time _ we spent together.This is the factory _ my mother works.This is the factory _ we visited last week. A. when B. where C. which D. thatI dont believe the reason _ he gave for his decision.Another reason _ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others. 第六

44、講 一 填上合適的關系代詞或關系副詞1. A country is a nation _ has its own government, land and population.2. Ive looked the words up in the dictionary _ I borrowed from my teacher. 3. The man _have made much money do not know what to do with their money.4. We havent found a language _ would be accepted by people.5.

45、He went to a friend _ knew a lot about money matters.6. Hand signs can be useful in places _ are very noisy and in places _ are very quiet.7. Mr Black would never forget the day _ he was bitterly punished. 8. The reason _ he did not buy the modern painting was that it was not a painting at all.9. Th

46、e winter Olympics are always held in a mountainous country _ there is plenty of snow.10. The greeting “Good afternoon” is given to anyone _ you are passing quickly.11. Tom stop to speak someone _ makes an inquiry about friends.12. Adults sometimes envy children, _ can run out to play.13. Id like to borrow a book _ cover is blue.14. This is the very wo