Matlab數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出

1、數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24主要內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容 從從TXT文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù) 把數(shù)據(jù)寫入把數(shù)據(jù)寫入TXT文件文件 從從Excel文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù) 把數(shù)據(jù)寫入把數(shù)據(jù)寫入Excel文件文件數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24第一節(jié)第一節(jié) 從從TXT文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-24MATLAB中讀取文本文件的常用函數(shù)中讀取文本文件的常用函數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-

2、2-242022-2-24一、一、 利用數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入向?qū)?dǎo)入利用數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入向?qū)?dǎo)入TXT文件文件數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24數(shù)據(jù)文件略去數(shù)據(jù)文件略去【例例2.1-1】利用數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入向?qū)ёx取文件利用數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入向?qū)ёx取文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_11.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24二、調(diào)用高級函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)二、調(diào)用高級函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)1. 調(diào)用調(diào)用importdata函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：importdata(filename)A = importdata(filena

3、me)A = importdata(filename,delimiter)A = importdata(filename,delimiter,headerline)A D = importdata()A D H = importdata() = importdata(-pastespecial, ) 數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24 importdata(examp02_04.txt) x = importdata(examp02_07.txt) x = importdata(examp02_03.txt,;) x = importdata(examp02_

4、08.txt, ,2) x, s, h = importdata(examp02_07.txt) FileContent = importdata(examp02_10.txt) 【例例2.1-2】調(diào)用調(diào)用importdata函數(shù)讀取文件函數(shù)讀取文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_11.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-242. 調(diào)用調(diào)用load函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：S = load(filename)S = load(filename, variables)S = load(filename, -mat

5、, variables)S = load(filename, -ascii)load(.)load .數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24 load examp02_01.txt load -ascii examp02_01.txt x1 = load(examp02_02.txt) x1 = load(examp02_02.txt, -ascii); load examp02_03.txt load examp02_04.txt 【例例2.1-3】調(diào)用調(diào)用load函數(shù)讀取文件函數(shù)讀取文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_12.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)

6、據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-243. 調(diào)用調(diào)用dlmread函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：M = dlmread(filename)M = dlmread(filename, delimiter)M = dlmread(filename, delimiter, R, C)M = dlmread(filename, delimiter, range)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24 x = dlmread(examp02_03.txt) x = dlmread(examp02_03.txt, , 2, 3)

7、x = dlmread(examp02_03.txt, , 1, 2, 2, 5) x = dlmread(examp02_05.txt) x = dlmread(examp02_06.txt) x = dlmread(examp02_09.txt)【例例2.1-4】調(diào)用調(diào)用dlmread函數(shù)讀取文件函數(shù)讀取文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_11.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-244. 調(diào)用調(diào)用textread函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：A,B,C, = textread(filename,format)

8、A,B,C, = textread(filename,format,N) = textread(,param,value,)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-24textread函數(shù)支持的函數(shù)支持的format字符串字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-24textread函數(shù)支持的參數(shù)名與參數(shù)值列表函數(shù)支持的參數(shù)名與參數(shù)值列表數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24 x1 = textread(examp02_01.txt); x2 = textread(examp02_02.txt); x3 = textread(examp02_03.

9、txt,delimiter,); c1,c2,c3,c4,c5=textread(examp02_04.txt,%f %f %f %f %f,delimiter,;*); x5 = textread(examp02_05.txt,emptyvalue,-1) x8 = textread(examp02_08.txt,headerlines,7) x9 = textread(examp02_09.txt,delimiter, ,whitespace,+i) c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8 = textread(examp02_09.txt,.%f %f %f %f %f %f %

10、f %f,delimiter, ,whitespace,+i);【例例2.1-5】調(diào)用調(diào)用textread函數(shù)讀取文件函數(shù)讀取文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_11.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24三、調(diào)用低級函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)三、調(diào)用低級函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)1. 調(diào)用調(diào)用fopen函數(shù)打開文件函數(shù)打開文件調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：fid, message = fopen(filename, permission)filename, permission = fopen(fid)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-

11、2-242. 調(diào)用調(diào)用fclose函數(shù)關(guān)閉文件函數(shù)關(guān)閉文件調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：status = fclose(fid)status = fclose(all)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-243. 調(diào)用調(diào)用fseek、ftell、frewind和和feof函數(shù)控制讀寫位置函數(shù)控制讀寫位置調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：status = fseek(fid, offset, origin) %設(shè)定文件指針位置設(shè)定文件指針位置position = ftell(fid) %獲取文件指針位置獲取文件指針位置frewind(fid) %移動(dòng)當(dāng)前文件指針到文件的開頭移動(dòng)當(dāng)前文件指針到

12、文件的開頭eofstat = feof(fid) %判斷是否到達(dá)文件末尾判斷是否到達(dá)文件末尾數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-244. 調(diào)用調(diào)用fgets、fgetl函數(shù)讀取文件的下一行函數(shù)讀取文件的下一行調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：tline = fgets(fid)tline = fgets(fid, nchar)tline = fgetl(fid)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-245. 調(diào)用調(diào)用textscan函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：C = textscan(fid, format)C = textscan(fi

13、d, format, N)C = textscan(fid, format, param, value, )C = textscan(fid, format, N, param, value, )C = textscan(str, )C, position = textscan()數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24 fid = fopen(examp02_08.txt,r); % 以只讀方式打開文件以只讀方式打開文件examp02_08.txt fgets(fid); % 讀取文件的第讀取文件的第1行行 fgets(fid); % 讀取文件的第讀取文件的第2行

14、行 A = textscan(fid, %f %f %f %f %f %f, CollectOutput, 1)A = 3x6 double fgets(fid); % 讀取文件的第讀取文件的第6行行 fgets(fid); % 讀取文件的第讀取文件的第7行行 B = textscan(fid, %f %f %f, CollectOutput, 1)B = 2x3 double fclose(fid); % 關(guān)閉文件關(guān)閉文件【例例2.1-6】調(diào)用調(diào)用textscan函數(shù)讀取文件函數(shù)讀取文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_13.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)

15、出2022-2-242022-2-24第二節(jié)第二節(jié) 把數(shù)據(jù)寫入把數(shù)據(jù)寫入TXT文件文件數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-24MATLAB中寫文本文件的常用函數(shù)中寫文本文件的常用函數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24一、調(diào)用一、調(diào)用dlmwrite函數(shù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：dlmwrite(filename, M)dlmwrite(filename, M, D)dlmwrite(filename, M, D, R, C)dlmwrite(filename, M, attrib1, value1, attrib2, value2, )

16、dlmwrite(filename, M, -append)dlmwrite(filename, M, -append, attribute-value list)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-24dlmwrite函數(shù)支持的參數(shù)名與參數(shù)值列表函數(shù)支持的參數(shù)名與參數(shù)值列表數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24% 定義復(fù)數(shù)矩陣定義復(fù)數(shù)矩陣 x=1.455390+1.360686i 8.692922+5.797046i 5.498602+1.449548i 8.530311+6.220551i3.509524+5.132495i 4.018080+0.7

17、59667i 2.399162+1.233189i 1.839078+2.399525i4.172671+0.496544i 9.027161+9.447872i 4.908641+4.892526i 3.377194+9.000538i;% 將復(fù)數(shù)矩陣將復(fù)數(shù)矩陣x寫入文件寫入文件examp02_09.txt，用逗號，用逗號(,)作分隔符，用作分隔符，用rn作換行作換行符符 dlmwrite(examp02_09.txt, x, delimiter, , newline, pc)【例例2.2-1】用逗號作為分隔符，調(diào)用用逗號作為分隔符，調(diào)用dlmwrite函數(shù)將如下復(fù)數(shù)矩函數(shù)將如下復(fù)數(shù)矩陣寫入

18、文件陣寫入文件examp02_09.txt數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24二、調(diào)用二、調(diào)用fprintf函數(shù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：count = fprintf(fid, format, A, )【例例】 % 在屏幕上顯示一句話在屏幕上顯示一句話 y = fprintf(1, 祝福我們偉大的新中國祝福我們偉大的新中國%d周歲生日快樂！周歲生日快樂！, 60)祝福我們偉大的新中國祝福我們偉大的新中國60周歲生日快樂！周歲生日快樂！y = 38數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24% 產(chǎn)生一個(gè)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)8行行5列的隨

19、機(jī)矩陣，其元素服從列的隨機(jī)矩陣，其元素服從0,10上的均勻分布上的均勻分布 x = 10*rand(8,5); % 以寫入方式打開文件，返回文件標(biāo)識符以寫入方式打開文件，返回文件標(biāo)識符 fid = fopen(examp02_01.txt,wt); % 把矩陣把矩陣x以指定格式寫入文件以指定格式寫入文件examp02_01.txt fprintf(fid,%-f %-f %-f %-f %-f %-f %-f %-fn, x); fclose(fid); % 關(guān)閉文件關(guān)閉文件【例例2.2-2】用用fprintf函數(shù)將數(shù)據(jù)寫入文件函數(shù)將數(shù)據(jù)寫入文件examp02_01.txt至至examp02_

20、11.txt的代碼的代碼調(diào)用調(diào)用fprintf函數(shù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)或在屏幕上顯示數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，函數(shù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)或在屏幕上顯示數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，format參數(shù)指定的格式循參數(shù)指定的格式循環(huán)作用在矩陣的列上，原始矩陣的列在文件中或屏幕上就變成了行。環(huán)作用在矩陣的列上，原始矩陣的列在文件中或屏幕上就變成了行。數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24第三節(jié)第三節(jié) 從從Excel文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24一、利用數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入向?qū)?dǎo)入一、利用數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入向?qū)?dǎo)入Excel文件文件數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-

21、24二、調(diào)用二、調(diào)用xlsread函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：num = xlsread(filename)num = xlsread(filename, -1)num = xlsread(filename, sheet)num = xlsread(filename, range)num = xlsread(filename, sheet, range)num = xlsread(filename, sheet, range, basic)num = xlsread(filename, , functionhandle)num, txt= xlsread(filename, )

22、num, txt, raw = xlsread(filename, )num, txt, raw, X = xlsread(filename, , functionhandle)xlsread filename sheet range basic數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24% 讀取文件讀取文件examp02_14.xls第第1個(gè)工作表中單元格個(gè)工作表中單元格A2:H4中的數(shù)據(jù)中的數(shù)據(jù) num = xlsread(examp02_14.xls, A2:H4) % 返回讀取的數(shù)據(jù)矩陣返回讀取的數(shù)據(jù)矩陣numnum = 1 60101 6010101 NaN

23、0 63 63 2 60101 6010102 NaN 0 73 73 3 60101 6010103 NaN 0 0 0【例例2.3-1】用用xlsread函數(shù)的這種調(diào)用讀取文件函數(shù)的這種調(diào)用讀取文件examp02_14.xls第第1個(gè)工作表中區(qū)域個(gè)工作表中區(qū)域A2:H4 的數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24第四節(jié)第四節(jié) 把數(shù)據(jù)寫入把數(shù)據(jù)寫入Excel文件文件數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24一、調(diào)用一、調(diào)用xlswrite函數(shù)寫數(shù)據(jù)到函數(shù)寫數(shù)據(jù)到Excel調(diào)用格式：調(diào)用格式：xlswrite(filename,

24、M)xlswrite(filename, M, sheet)xlswrite(filename, M, range)xlswrite(filename, M, sheet, range)status = xlswrite(filename, )status, message = xlswrite(filename, )xlswrite filename M sheet range數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出2022-2-242022-2-24% 生成一個(gè)生成一個(gè)10行行10列的隨機(jī)矩陣，其元素服從列的隨機(jī)矩陣，其元素服從0,1上的均勻分布上的均勻分布 x = rand(10); % 把矩陣把矩陣x寫入文件寫入文件examp02_15.xls的第的第2個(gè)工作表中的單元格區(qū)域個(gè)工作表中的單元格區(qū)域D6:M15，并返回操作信息并返回操作信息 s,t = xlswrite(examp02_15.xls, x, 2, D6:M15)s = 1t = message: identifier: 【例例2.4-1】生