1819 Unit 12 Section Ⅳ　Language PointsⅡ

1、Section Language Points()( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)語 言 基 礎(chǔ) 自 測.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1Vietnam made an official request(請求)that the meeting be postponed.2I can say，with absolute truthfulness，that I did not injure(傷害)her.3His manners(禮貌)had always made her blind to his faults.4Parents told us that we w

2、ould study from others in a modest(謙虛的) attitude.5Test results indicate(表明) that the calculation and analysis are right.6Your name is familiar to me.7He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital.8On this account we should be more cautious on this voyage.9Tamara stared at him in disbelief，shaking he

3、r head.10You'll have to whisper or he'll hear you.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1indicate vt.表明；表示indicative adj.表示的，指示的indicator n指示者，指示器，指示物2curiously adv.奇怪地；好奇地curious adj.好奇的，想知道的curiosity n好奇心，求知欲3injure vt.傷害injury n傷害4arrival n到達，抵達arrive v到達5cautious adj.小心翼翼的，謹慎的caution n小心，謹慎尋規(guī)律、巧記憶以­(

4、i)ous結(jié)尾的adj.以­ive結(jié)尾的adj.serious 嚴肅的dangerous 危險的previous 先前的creative 創(chuàng)造性的attractive 吸引人的active 積極的.補全短語根據(jù)提示補全下列短語1with caution小心翼翼地2break into 闖入，破門而入；突然起來3in all aspects 在各個方面4give.a lift 讓搭車5compare.with/to. 把與作比較6drop off 讓下車；打盹兒7insist on 堅持8catch up with 追趕9stare at 凝視10see. off 給(某人)送行.選詞

5、填空選用上述短語的適當形式填空1I'll have transportation problem to go to work，can you give me a lift?2Please call me and I'll see you off3Do you want me to drop you off at this sidewalk?4There's still time to catch up with them.5She lay back and stared at the ceiling.尋規(guī)律、巧記憶dropadv./prep.動詞短語breakadv./

6、prep.動詞短語drop away 減少drop out 退出drop behind 落后break down 出毛??；毀掉break out 突然爆發(fā)break through 突破.經(jīng)典句式仿寫背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實1.When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.剛到舊金山時，有一段時間我感到很難理解某些美國人的處事方式。have a difficult time (in)

7、 doing sth.“做某事時有段困難的時間，做某事有困難”。他的家人目前在互相理解方面有困難。His family are having a difficult time (in) understanding each other.2.I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us.我和我的美國朋友賈尼絲正在餐桌前邊吃甜點邊聊天，突然我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們在注視著我們。was/were doing.when.意為“正在做

8、這時突然”。我正在看神舟十一號升空，這時突然有人敲門。I was watching Shenzhou fly into space when someone knocked at the door.3.I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.在上次訪問中國時我有一次差不多的經(jīng)歷。名詞短語the last time用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。上次我見到他時，他謹慎多了。He was more cautious the last time I saw him.核 心 要 點 探 究 manners n禮貌(教材P38)Min

9、d Your Manners注意你的禮貌(1)good manners 有禮貌bad manners 沒禮貌 (2)manner n. 方式，方法；態(tài)度；舉止；禮貌(pl.)in a .manner 用的方式/態(tài)度Her children all had such good manners.她的孩子們都這樣彬彬有禮。It's bad manners(manner) to stare at people.盯著別人看不禮貌。She greeted me in a friendly manner.她很友好地和我打招呼。名師點津“方式，方法”的不同manner作“方式，方法”講時只有單數(shù)形式，

10、不用復數(shù)形式，表示復數(shù)形式的“方式，方法”用ways，通常不說these manners，而說these ways?！坝眠@種方式”可以用in this way/in this manner/by this means/with this method來表示。 request n請求；要求(教材P39)to make a request to someone you don't know very well 向一個你不是很熟悉的人作出請求(1)make a request for.請求/要求at one's request/at the request of sb. 應某人的要求

11、(2)request vt. 請求，要求request sth.of/from sb. 要求某人某事request sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事request that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事(從句用虛擬語氣)It is requested that.(should)do sth. 據(jù)要求We should make a request for help.我們應該請求支援。He came to help me at my request.他應我的請求前來幫忙。I made a request that the students (should)be

12、 prepared(prepare)for the exam.我要求學生對考試做好準備。We have requested that the work (should)be finished(finish) at once.我們要求立刻完成這項工作。名師點津request用作名詞后跟同位語從句和用作動詞后跟賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞都用“(should)動詞原形”的形式。 drop off讓下車；把放下；順便把送至某處；打盹兒；(水平)下降，(數(shù)量)減少(教材P39)Do you think you could drop me off at the mailbox?您能讓我在郵箱附近下車嗎？寫出

13、下列句中drop off的含義She usually drops the kids off at school on her way to work.讓下車She dropped off during the English class.打盹Traffic in the town has dropped off since the bypass(旁道) opened.減少drop back 落后drop behind 落后；落在后面drop in (on sb.) 拜訪(某人)drop out (of sth.) 不再參加，退出；輟學He has dropped out of active p

14、olitics.他已不再積極參政了。The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York.史密斯一家去紐約度假時順道拜訪了一些老朋友。語境助記A student of mine dropped out of school because he dropped behind other students.When the storm dropped away，I took a bus to drop in on him，but on the way I dropped off.我的一個學生因為落后

15、其他同學輟學了。當風暴減弱時，我乘公共汽車去拜訪他，但在路上我打盹了。 familiar adj.熟悉的，常見的(教材P40)Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA.金麗到美國后不久，她覺得美國的生活方式很熟悉。sb.be familiar with sth.某人對某物熟悉；某人通曉某物sth.be familiar to sb. 某物為某人所熟悉I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice instantly

16、 I picked up the phone.我對他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起電話就聽出了他的聲音。This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago.這個詞對幾十年前的人來說并不熟悉。名師點津(1)be familiar with意思為“對熟悉的；對知曉的”，其主語通常是指“人”的名詞或代詞，with后的賓語是主語所知曉的事物。(2)be familiar to意思為“為某人所熟悉的”，其主語通常是人們所知曉的事物，to后的賓語常是指“人”的名詞或代詞。 (教材P40)When I first arrived in San Fr

17、ancisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.剛到舊金山時，有一段時間我感到很難理解某些美國人的處事方式?！疽c提煉】句中have a difficult time (in)doing sth.表示“做某事時有段困難的時間，做某事有困難”。(1)“做某事有困難”的表達方式：have a hard/difficult time (in)doing sth.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing/with sth.have

18、 a problem/problems (in) doing/with sth.(2)waste time (in)doing sth.浪費時間做某事spend time (in)doing sth. 花費時間做某事have a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事愉快I have some difficulty (in)talking with the foreigner.我與這位外國人交談有些困難。Little Frank wasted a lot of time playing in the woods.小弗蘭克浪費了很多時間在樹林中玩。Mary had diffi

19、culty/trouble with her work for the examinations，but her teacher pulled her through.瑪麗在準備考試中遇到了困難，但她的老師幫她渡過了難關(guān)。You can't imagine the difficulty/trouble we had getting (get) in touch with him.你無法想象我們與他取得聯(lián)系有多困難。名師點津(1)difficulty/trouble前可以用great，much，little，no等詞修飾。(2)在考查句型have difficulty/trouble (

20、in)doing sth.時，常把difficulty/trouble提前作為主句中的先行詞，并省略介詞in，定語從句中謂語成為have doing形式。 cautious adj.小心翼翼的，謹慎的(教材P40)I've always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant I've been much more cautious.我一直是一個外向的人，但是自從在紐約的一家飯店有過一次尷尬的經(jīng)歷后，我就比較小心了。(1)be cautious of/about/wi

21、th sth.對謹慎的，小心的be cautious not to do sth. 小心不做某事(2)cautiously adv. 謹慎地；小心地(3)caution n. 小心，謹慎with caution 小心翼翼地He drove his car with caution.他小心翼翼地駕車。She is very cautious of hurting his feelings.她小心翼翼的，以免傷害他的感情。The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated cautiously(caution)護士被告知這個病人需要謹慎

22、地對待。 (教材P40)I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us.我和我的美國朋友詹尼斯正在餐桌前邊吃甜點邊聊天，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)人們在注視著我們。(1)【要點提煉】when在此處為并列連詞，意為“這時”，相當于and then，and just then或and at that time。when意為“這時”時常用的四個句型：(1)sb.was doing.when.某人正在做這時(2)sb.was about

23、to do.when. 某人即將做這時(3)sb.had just done.when. 某人剛做完這時(4)sb.be on the point of doing.when. 某人正要做這時I was about to go out when he called on me.當他來造訪時我正要外出。I had just finished(finish) my homework when my mother asked me to play the piano.我剛剛做完作業(yè)媽媽就讓我練琴。I was on the point of leaving(leave) office when a s

24、tudent came in.我剛要離開辦公室，這時一個學生進來了。(2)stare vi.盯著看，凝視stare at sb./sth. 盯著某人/某物；凝視stare into the sky/distance 凝視天空/遠方The little child stared at the toys in the shop­window.那個小孩盯著商店櫥窗里的玩具。明辨異同stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance atstare at意為“盯，凝視”，指出于好奇、驚訝等原因長時間睜大眼直接注視，常含粗魯無禮之意gaze at意為“凝視”，語義較stare輕，

25、指出于好奇或驚訝而深情地長時間看glare at指“怒目而視”，出于氣憤或敵意glance at意為“一瞥”，指匆忙中迅速看一眼用stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance at的適當形式填空She glanced at her watch and left.He glared at me like a bull at a red rag.Raise your head and gaze at the stars，and you will find something romantic going on in the sky.It's impolite to st

26、are at a girl. whisper vi.& vt.低語，耳語n.C低語(教材P40)I whispered for the rest of the evening.那天晚上其余的時間，我一直小聲說話。(1)in a whisper/in whispers小聲地，低聲地(2)whisper(sth.)to sb. 向某人低語(某事)whisper sth.in one's ear 在某人耳旁小聲說某事It is/was whispered that. 據(jù)傳聞They sat at the back of the room，talking in a whisper/in

27、 whispers.他們坐在房間的后面低聲談話。In order not to let the others hear what he said，he whispered the news to me.為了不讓他人聽到他說的，他低聲把消息告訴我。It is whispered(whisper)that he is heavily in debt.據(jù)傳聞他負債累累。語境助記I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other in a whisper.Suddenly Jenny leaned and whispered something in Helen&#

28、39;s ear.I wanted to know what they were whispering about.I whispered to Mary that I would sneak close to find it out.我看到珍妮和海倫在低聲談話。突然，珍妮探身在海倫耳邊說了點兒什么。我很好奇她們在嘀咕些什么。于是我小聲對瑪麗說，我要悄悄走過去搞清楚。 see.off給(某人)送行(教材P40)He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.他堅持陪我走到車站為我送行。see sb.out送某人到門口see thro

29、ugh 看穿，識破seeing that. 既然；由于，鑒于see to 負責，留意，照料see to it that. 使保證，務(wù)必使Will you see to the plants while I'm away?我不在的時候請你幫我照料這些植物好嗎？Frankly speaking，they have already seen through you!坦白地說，他們已經(jīng)看透你了！Can he see to it that he'll make it?他保證能按時到達嗎？ break into闖入，破門而入；突然起來(教材P41)The burglar broke int

30、o the house and Nancy saw him.小偷闖入房子而且南茜看見他了。break away from離開；脫離break down 打破；毀掉；出毛?。?身體)垮了；慟哭；分解break out 突然爆發(fā)break up 拆散；分解；分裂；崩潰break through 突圍；突破The report said that a war will break out.報道說戰(zhàn)爭將會爆發(fā)。The old ship started to break up because of the storm.由于風暴，這艘舊船開始解體。We hope to break through soon

31、 in the fight against AIDS.我們希望在與艾滋病的斗爭中很快有所突破。 injure vt.傷害(教材P41)Parents think their children may get injured and they won't let them play in the street.父母認為他們的孩子可能會受傷，不讓他們在街上玩耍。(1)injured adj.受傷的；(感情等)被傷害的the injured 受傷者(指一類人)(2)injury n. 傷害，損害do an injury to sb.do sb.an injury 對某人造成傷害The inj

32、ured were taken to a nearby hospital by an ambulance.救護車把傷者送到了附近的一所醫(yī)院。Smoking does an injury(injure)to health.吸煙有害身體健康。易混辨析injure/harm/wound/hurtinjure一般指由于意外或事故造成損傷harm表示對身體、物質(zhì)或精神上的嚴重損害，常指傷害人的肉體，損壞東西以及損害健康、品質(zhì)、事業(yè)等wound主要用于肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷”，一般指嚴重的外傷，主要指在戰(zhàn)場上受槍彈傷害hurt普通用語，在口語中常見。主要指有生命的東西“受傷”。既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感

33、情上的傷害用injure/harm/wound/hurt的適當形式填空He was seriously injured in the traffic accident.It wouldn't do him any harm to work a bit harder.A soldier was wounded in the fight.Mary said that she was hurt by your words.隨 堂 效 果 落 實.單句語法填空1In the following(follow) years，he worked even harder.2I had just la

34、in down when the telephone rang.3Children should be brought up to have good manners(manner)4Maybe you could give me a lift home.5We request the conference (should) be held(hold) next Friday.6These are the rules that are familiar to everyone.7I have a hard time paying(pay) attention in school.8You sh

35、ould be cautious(caution) when you cross the street.9He stood in the doorway，staring(stare) at Doctor Winter.10Ambulances took the injured(injure) to a nearby hospital. 【導學號：07372019】.單句改錯1He is familiar to three languages.towith2Upon his arrive at the office，he realized that he had left his cellpho

36、ne at home.arrivearrival3To find out the exact information，he was cautious to making a choice.第二個toof/about4Please see to it the door is locked.it后加that5In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hiding within the work.hidinghidden.完成句子1當我正沿著河邊走時，突然聽到一個溺水兒童的呼救。I was walking alo

37、ng the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.2我正要出門時，一位不速之客來訪了。I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.3下次再來時帶您的妻子一起來。Next time you come，please bring your wife along.4那人費了很大勁才把幾只打架的狗分開。The man had a difficult time pulling those fighting dogs apart.5我對你的唯一請求就是你要早點到那里。All I r

38、equest of you is that you should be there early語 法 專 項 突 破現(xiàn)在分詞自主領(lǐng)悟 先觀察原句后自主感悟What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China？What he did was amazing.Last time，when I visited China，we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left.They didn't seem t

39、o hear me saying “No，thank you” in my poor spoken Chinese.I told her the coat swited her，but she looked very embarassed，saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago.五句中都有一個現(xiàn)在分詞，且其作用各不相同：句exciting作定語，句amazing作表語，句的wearing和句的saying作賓語補足語，句saying作伴隨狀語。精要點撥現(xiàn)在分詞由動詞加­ing形式構(gòu)成，是分詞的一種，在

40、句子里面不能單獨充當謂語，但能充當其他的一些成分，如定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。一、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式形式主動被動用法意義一般式doing being done指分詞的動作和句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生表示主動或進行，或既表主動又表進行完成式having donehaving been done指分詞的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前We walked along the river bank，talking and laughing.我們沿河岸有說有笑地走著。Not reading carefully，he wouldn't find many things he had

41、 not known before.不認真讀書，他就不會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多以前不知道的東西。Having finished all the work，they had a good rest.結(jié)束了所有的工作后，他們好好地休息了一下。The question being discussed is of great importance.正在被討論的這個問題非常重要。Having been given such a good chance，how could she let it slip away?既然得到了這么好的機會，她怎么能讓它溜走呢？Not having been cleaned for yea

42、rs，the windows looked very dirty.由于多年沒有擦過，窗子看上去很臟。溫馨提示現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在v.­ing前面加not，如not doing；not being done；not having done；not having been done。即時演練1用所給動詞的正確形式填空Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.Having spent(spend) nearly all our

43、 money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.Not knowing(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能1現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關(guān)系的現(xiàn)在分詞短語有時可由連詞while或when引導。Hearing the news，they got excited.(時間狀語)聽到這個消息，他們很激動。Having been bitten

44、by a snake，she was frightened at it.(原因狀語)因為曾被蛇咬過，所以她很怕蛇。The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.(結(jié)果狀語)杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。Taking (If you take) the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood.(條件狀語)如果你沿著通向郊外的路前進，就會走入一片密林中。Having failed(Although he had failed)many times，he didn&

45、#39;t lose heart.(讓步狀語)雖然屢次失敗，但他沒有灰心喪氣。I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.(伴隨狀語)我站在門旁，不敢說一句話。溫馨提示(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語常常表示自然而然的結(jié)果，充當結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語有時并不是句子的主語，而是句子的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語多強調(diào)意料之中或自然而然的結(jié)果。不定式作狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常與only或just連用。A lot of good land has gone with them，leaving only sand.許多好的土地隨之消失了，留下來的只是沙

46、子。He hurried to the school，only to find nobody was there.他匆匆忙忙趕到學校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)空無一人。即時演練2句型轉(zhuǎn)換After he had turned off the TV，he began to do his homework.Having turned off the TV，he began to do his homework.Because she hadn't received his reply，she decided to make a call to him.Not having received his rep

47、ly，she decided to make a call to him.The car was held up by the storm and caused the delay.The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay2現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性的動作或當時的狀態(tài)。The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School.沿著街跑步的學生來自于第三中學。He brought us sur

48、prising news.他給我們帶來了驚人的消息。Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.叫那些在那兒玩的男孩別制造噪音。The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.The temple which stands on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynast

49、y.山頂上的那座寺廟建于明朝。名師點津分詞作定語的位置及用法“定分”位置有兩條，詞前詞后定分曉。單個分詞在詞前，有時此規(guī)有顛倒。分詞短語在詞后，“定從”和它互對照?！艾F(xiàn)分”動作進行時，“過分”動作完成了。(注：“定分”：作定語的分詞；“定從”：定語從句；“現(xiàn)分”：現(xiàn)在分詞；“過分”：過去分詞)即時演練3句型轉(zhuǎn)換The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow.The building being b

50、uilt now will be our library.The building that/which is being built now will be our library.The workers who are building the houses are from the countryside.The workers building the houses are from the countryside.3現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征。現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，常見的有：exciting，interesting，disappointing，discouragin

51、g，encouraging，puzzling，missing，surprising，confusing，amusing，charming，astonishing，shocking，inviting等，這些現(xiàn)在分詞幾乎已經(jīng)變成了形容詞，常用very修飾。Travelling is interesting.旅行是有趣的。The argument is very convincing.這個論點很令人信服。即時演練4用所給動詞的適當形式填空The news was disappointing(disappoint)This story is very moving(move)Your achievem

52、ents are inspiring(inspire)4現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語在感官動詞及詞組(see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，keep，find，listen to，look at等)和使役動詞(have，get，leave，set等)的賓語后面經(jīng)常使用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。賓語與作賓補的現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞動作的發(fā)出者。I saw him playing basketball just now.我剛剛還看見他在打籃球呢。Don't have the students studying all day.不要讓學生整天學習。He left，leaving me doing all the rest work.他走了，留下我一個人去做剩余的所有工作。It's wrong of you to leave the machine running.你讓機器一直開著是不對的。三、現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)如果作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語，形成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成：一部分是名詞或代詞，起著邏輯主語的作用；另一部分除現(xiàn)在分詞外，還包括形容詞、副詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等，表示其邏輯主