版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,說(shuō)明句子的意義。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況)I knew him in 1997.(過(guò)去的動(dòng)作)We have known
2、 each other since 1997.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在)(1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如: -Have you had lunch yet? 你(已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎?-Yes, I have. I've just had it. &
3、#160;我剛剛吃過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了)(2)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續(xù)教)I haven't seen her for four years我有四年沒見到她了。(3)表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”,常帶有twice,
4、160;ever,never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍,故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí),可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用
5、于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。 如:We have already finished our homework. 我們已完成作業(yè)了They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。 如:-Have you ever been to the
6、60;Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如:I have seen her before,
7、but I can not remember where. 我以前見過(guò)她,但記不起在哪里見過(guò)。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
8、,如:now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。 例如:-Have you met him today? -No, I haven't. 今天你見過(guò)他嗎?我 沒有。How many times have you been there
9、60;this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次?(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用,必須改為“be(在)”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述?,F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:
10、0;arrive be here begin(start)be on die be dead come back be backleave be away
11、160; fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get up be up go out be out finish
12、; be over put on wear 或be onopen be open join be in或 be a member of close be
13、160;closed go to school be a student borrow keep buy have catch(a
14、 cold)have(a cold) get to know know begin to study study come to work work等如:He has been a soldier for three years. 他參軍三年了。
15、 His father has been dead for two years. 他父親去世二年了 The film has been on for ten minutes. 電影已開始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years. 我們(開始)學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。4.幾點(diǎn)注意事
16、項(xiàng)(1)have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別:have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)”,可用于各人稱;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?,常用于第三人稱,前者可與once ,never, several times等連用,后者則不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。He has gone to Be
17、ijing . 他去北京了。(2)如單純表示一段時(shí)間,或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間,雖有since一詞,也不必用完成時(shí)。 如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。(3)終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式,已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連
18、用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái),我一直沒有離開過(guò)這兒。(4) 表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用 for一段時(shí)間, since時(shí)間點(diǎn)。I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。 I have lived here
19、 for 10 years. 我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。(5) 在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long How long have you lived here?注意:在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí),根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同,時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如:I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。I
20、60;have lived here for a week by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止,我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。 I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí),不表示和
21、現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦,是上個(gè)月去的。1. 過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2. 過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday, last week,ago,
22、in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / un
23、til, up to now, in past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例:I saw t
24、his film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。)I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了Why did you get up so early? (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。) Who hasn't
25、160;handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。) She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來(lái)了。He has been in the
26、 League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))He joined the League three years ago.
27、; ( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(
28、如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.一、
29、; 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _? . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer
30、 _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will
31、; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . d
32、id they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know hi
33、m well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 主要產(chǎn)品采購(gòu)合同
- 家具購(gòu)銷合同范本經(jīng)典
- 工程合同進(jìn)度與質(zhì)量要求
- 獨(dú)家招生代理合作協(xié)議
- 股東出資協(xié)議書參考格式
- 二手推土機(jī)買賣協(xié)議
- 2024版勞務(wù)派遣協(xié)議書
- 按份共同保證書范本
- 門面轉(zhuǎn)讓合同范例
- 工程運(yùn)營(yíng)居間合同范本
- 基礎(chǔ)會(huì)計(jì)(第7版)ppt課件完整版
- 應(yīng)急預(yù)案演練檔案
- 《發(fā)展?jié)h語(yǔ)》初級(jí)綜合(I)1-10課測(cè)試一
- 植物檢疫證書
- 輸送機(jī)施工方案.doc
- 海瀾之家特許經(jīng)營(yíng)協(xié)議合同
- 大眾汽車入侵北美市場(chǎng)
- 建設(shè)銀行員工勞動(dòng)合同
- 醫(yī)院醫(yī)用氣體管路的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算(2014)
- 人教版統(tǒng)編高中語(yǔ)文“文學(xué)閱讀與寫作”學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)群編寫簡(jiǎn)介
- SQE質(zhì)量月報(bào)參考格式
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論