初中·定語從句詳細(xì)講解31788

1、定語從句定語從句是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目，而且也是各種考試中考查的重點(diǎn)，要牢固掌握好關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法及特殊用法，并且學(xué)會(huì)利用相關(guān)知識(shí)來作出判斷，準(zhǔn)確解答相關(guān)試題。知識(shí)詳單何為定語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。關(guān)系詞：在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。知識(shí)點(diǎn)1關(guān)系詞分類先行詞句子成分例句關(guān)系代詞who人主語，賓語A teacher is a person who passes knowledge t

2、o students.A teacher is a person, a teacher passes knowledge to students.whom人賓語The woman whom you met in the street is Kate.whose人/物定語Please pass me the book whose cover is green.which物主語，賓語，定語This is the room which he lived in last year.。that人/物主語，賓語，表語The girl that I spoke to is my cousin.They ar

3、e the people that were seen yesterday.He came back for the book that was on the deskHe came back for the book that he had forgotten.as人/物主語，賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of usSuch books as I borrowed yesterday are all here關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語I know the date when Lincoln was born.where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語

4、I would like to live in a place where there is plenty of sunshine.why原因原因狀語That is the reason why he was late.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞用法例句who/whom兩者都用于指人，who在定語從句中作主語、賓語;whom在定語從句中作賓語I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不認(rèn)識(shí)寫這篇文章的那個(gè)人。What is the girl whom(who) you talked to just now?剛才和你說話的那個(gè)女孩

5、子是干什么的?whose指人或物，在從句中作定語,往往與它所修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)名詞短語在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分He is the man whose car was stolen last night.他就是昨天晚上車被偷的那個(gè)男子。which一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，還可在從句中作介詞的賓語That was a fault which could not be forgiven.那是不能饒恕的錯(cuò)誤。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe.我過去住的房子現(xiàn)在變成了一家鞋店。that指人或物，在從句中作主語或賓語，還可作表語，

6、作賓語或表語時(shí)可省略;作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不可提到that前He is the man that was punished at the meeting.他就是那個(gè)在會(huì)上受批評(píng)的人。Shanghai is the place that I visited last year.上海是我去年參觀過的地方。as可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，常用于such. as和the same. as等句式中Such points as youve mentioned are really important in solving the problem.你提到的這些方面在解決這個(gè)問題上的確很重要?！局R(shí)拓展】1.

7、關(guān)系詞指物時(shí)，只用that不用which的情況:先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, no one, little, few, much, some . none等不定代詞時(shí)。例如:All that can be done has been done.所有能做的已經(jīng)做了。先行詞被the only, the very ,the just, the right, the last, all, any, some, no, few, little, much等修飾時(shí)。例如This is the very book that I am looking for.

8、這正是我要找的那本書。先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。例如:This is the best film that I have seen.這是我所看過的最好的電影。主句是who或者which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)。例如:Who is the man that is making a speech?正在演講的那個(gè)人是誰?2.只用which而不用that的情況:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞，先行詞指物時(shí)。例如:This is the house of which the windows face south.這就是窗戶朝南的那座房子。在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞表示事物時(shí)，只能用

9、which。例如:The plane landed safely, which made us very happy.飛機(jī)安全降落，這使我們很高興。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞用法例句when代替表示時(shí)間的名詞.而這個(gè)名詞在從句中又與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，?？捎胦n which, in which, during which等代替We dont know the exact time when the English evening will be held.我們不知道英語晚會(huì)舉行的確切時(shí)間。Do you know the date when Lincoln was murd

10、ered ?你知道林肯遇刺的日期嗎？when代替表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，而這個(gè)名詞在從句中又與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，常用in which，on which，to which等代替The place where were to have the Speech Contest has not been decided州.我們舉行演講比賽的地點(diǎn)還未定下來。He did all his research in the room where he lived.他在自己住的房間里做了所有的研究。why代替表示原因的名詞，而這個(gè)名詞在從句中又與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，?？捎胒or whic

11、h代替He didnt tell her the reason why he was happy.他沒有告訴她他那么高興的原因。Is this the reason why she refused our offer?這是她拒絕我們幫助她的理由嗎?【知識(shí)拓展】關(guān)系副詞的省略:（1）The time, every time, each time, the moment等后的關(guān)系副詞可省略。例如:By the time （when ）he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced math all by himself.到十四歲時(shí)，愛

12、因斯坦已經(jīng)自學(xué)了高等數(shù)學(xué)。在某些表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后，關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)也可省略.如the place等。例如:This is the place （where）we met years ago. 這就是我們多年前見面的地方。（3）先行詞the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可省略。例如:The reason （why）he did that is quite clear.他那樣做的理由是非常清楚的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)關(guān)系代詞的省略在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which, who, whom或that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，且前無介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。例如:The people (whom/who)

13、I work with are all friendly.The children like the bread (which/that) my wife makes.判斷關(guān)系詞的方法在判斷應(yīng)使用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，首先應(yīng)該找準(zhǔn)定語從句的先行詞，確定先行詞指的是什么，指的是人.指的是物.還是指的一句話的內(nèi)容，等等。其次要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧Ｐ枰⒁獾氖?，先行詞往往決定不了關(guān)系詞的使用，關(guān)鍵是粉關(guān)系詞在從句中所起的具體作用。例如:Ill never forget the day when we moved to Beijing.(先行詞指的是時(shí)間，關(guān)系詞在從句作時(shí)間狀語，故

14、使用關(guān)系副詞wh.作為引導(dǎo)詞)我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們搬到北京的那一天。Ill never forget the days (which/that) we spent together一。t summer.(先行詞盡管指的是時(shí)間。但在從句中作的是賓語，因此不能使用when作為引導(dǎo)詞)我將水遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記去年夏天我們共同度過的那段時(shí)光。定語從句的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞來確定.即先行詞為單數(shù)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù);先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:He is one of the students who were late for school.(句

15、中的students是先行詞，故從句的謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式)他是遲到的學(xué)生中的一個(gè)。He is the only one of the students who was late for school. ( one之前有“the only“或“the very修飾時(shí)，one就是先行詞.故從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式)他是學(xué)生中唯一遲到的一個(gè)?！厩蓪W(xué)記憶】關(guān)系代詞的用法.:關(guān)系詞來引定從，它們的用法各不同. That可做主賓用，指人指物它都行.which只能指物用，主賓定語它也能。who和whom指人用，分作主賓要弄清。whose一詞真叫行，指人指物都能用。時(shí)間狀語when才行，地點(diǎn)狀語whe

16、re能。原因狀語why對(duì)應(yīng), as用作主和賓。修飾全句或部分，which和as要分清。固定搭配應(yīng)分明，從句當(dāng)中定功能。考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1 考察關(guān)系代詞的用法1.(哈爾濱中考)Everyone has his aim in life. However, you cant get fat on one mouthful. Start with the easiest thing_ you can control A. who B. that C. which 【解析】選B。先行詞thing是物，且由最高級(jí)修飾，關(guān)系代詞用that,2.(綏化中考) The story book_ you lent me

17、 is very interesting. A. which B. it C. what 【解析】選A。先行詞為The story book，指物，關(guān)系詞which在從句中作lent的賓語。故選A,3.(龍東中考)Shirley is the girl_ taught me how to use We-chat(微信). A. whom B. which C. who 【解析】選C, the girl作先行詞，表示人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故關(guān)系代詞用who,4.(咸寧中考)-Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China(舌尖上的中國(guó))? -Yeah! Its the most funny one_ I have ever seen. A. that B. what C. which D. where 解析選A。先行詞one前有最高級(jí)修飾，故關(guān)系詞用that,考點(diǎn)2考察關(guān)系副詞的用法5.(棗莊中考)He is unlikely to find the school_ he taught 5