賓語(yǔ)從句的用法歸納 (2)

1、一、賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： We knew (that) we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who, where, how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 二、賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序與時(shí)態(tài)二、賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序與時(shí)態(tài)1. 1. 引導(dǎo)

2、詞引導(dǎo)詞 假如從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用假如從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that (thatthat (that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略中常省略) )；假如從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用；假如從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whetherif/whether；假如；假如從句是非凡疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞從句是非凡疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/ /副詞。副詞。2. 2. 語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

3、The teacher He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.said (that) he was an honest boy. 一般疑問(wèn)句和非凡疑問(wèn)句（特殊疑問(wèn)句）變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句和非凡疑問(wèn)句（特殊疑問(wèn)句）變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whet

4、her he works hard.works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.he left.3. 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 假如主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)假如主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：實(shí)際情況而定。如： I have heard (that) he will come back next week. 假如主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)假如主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要

5、用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：He said (that) there were no classes yesterday. 注重：假如賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)注重：假如賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用 1. 從句的主語(yǔ)假如是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e從句的主語(yǔ)假如是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；假如是第

6、二人語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；假如是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；假如是第三人稱，稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；假如是第三人稱，不用變化。如：不用變化。如： “May I use your knife?” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)主句是陳述句，用句

7、號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know? Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?四、四、if和和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。if和和和和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，碰到它們就要認(rèn)能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，碰到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于真分析一下，它們

8、究竟屬于“兩副面孔兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：的哪一副。如： If it rains tomorrow, I wont come. (時(shí)間狀時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句) I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句) 五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化 1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或的不定式或V-ing形式。如：形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying

9、 on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在連接代詞在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)副詞引

10、導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞連接代詞/副詞不定副詞不定式式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station？六、賓語(yǔ)從句的用法順口溜：六、賓語(yǔ)從句的用法順口溜：賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹，賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。展風(fēng)采。展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變

11、。主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變。陳述請(qǐng)你選陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問(wèn)需用，疑問(wèn)需用if/whether連。連。非凡問(wèn)句（特殊疑問(wèn)句）作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換。非凡問(wèn)句（特殊疑問(wèn)句）作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換。三關(guān)過(guò)后莫自得，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注重。三關(guān)過(guò)后莫自得，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注重。留意變臉的留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。賓語(yǔ)從句習(xí)題基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句習(xí)題基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. when you will leave2.Can you

12、 tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom livedC. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was 4.I think _ you will like him.A.that B. if C. why B.5.I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. that B. whether C. weather6.I wonder _ .A

13、.how much cost these shoesB.B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost 7.She asked me _ .A. who he was B. who was he C. who he is8.Ask him _ .A.whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup 9.I dont know _ .B.what time the movie starts C. what time starts the movieC. t

14、he time to start the movie 10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. I had been illC. I have been ill 11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does th

15、e pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _?A.the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is 14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave 15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his s

16、tockingC. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. When B. whether C. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so

17、 we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do B. C. what to do C. 19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC.

18、 whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear _?A.what did I say B. what I said C. I said what 22. Can you tell me _?A. which class you are in B. which class are you inC. you are in which class 23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly.A.when can I get to the station B.B. I can

19、 get to which stationC. how I can get to the station24. Could you tell me where _ yesterday?A. did you go B. you go C. you went25. Tom asked me _.A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this wasC. who shirt was this26. Excuse me, could you tell me _?A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus sta

20、tion C. where the post office is27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _.A.she lives where B. where she lives C. where does she live28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _.A. where does he live B. where he livesC. where is he living29. - Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in

21、a small town.A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave30. Have you decided _ for London?A. when will you leave B. when you will leaveC. when are you going31. Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets?A. where do we show B. where shall we showC. where we shall show32. - What are you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in _.A. how egg is fried B. how is