賓語從句的用法歸納 (2)

1、一、賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： We knew (that) we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who, where, how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 二、賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞、語序與時態(tài)二、賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞、語序與時態(tài)1. 1. 引導(dǎo)

2、詞引導(dǎo)詞 假如從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用假如從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that (thatthat (that在口語或非正式文體在口語或非正式文體中常省略中常省略) )；假如從句是一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用；假如從句是一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whetherif/whether；假如；假如從句是非凡疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞從句是非凡疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞/ /副詞。副詞。2. 2. 語序語序 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如：陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

3、The teacher He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.said (that) he was an honest boy. 一般疑問句和非凡疑問句（特殊疑問句）變?yōu)橘e語從句，語一般疑問句和非凡疑問句（特殊疑問句）變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whet

4、her he works hard.works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.he left.3. 時態(tài)時態(tài) 假如主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)假如主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：實際情況而定。如： I have heard (that) he will come back next week. 假如主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，那么從句的時假如主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要

5、用過去的某種時態(tài)。如：態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時態(tài)。如：He said (that) there were no classes yesterday. 注重：假如賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)注重：假如賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都要用一般象等時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：現(xiàn)在時。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人稱的變化和標點的使用三、人稱的變化和標點的使用 1. 從句的主語假如是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e從句的主語假如是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；假如是第

6、二人語從句則與主句的主語一致；假如是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；假如是第三人稱，稱，則與主句的賓語一致；假如是第三人稱，不用變化。如：不用變化。如： “May I use your knife?” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問主句是陳述句，用句

7、號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如：句，用問號。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know? Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?四、四、if和和when既能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，既能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。if和和和和when既能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，又既能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此，碰到它們就要認能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此，碰到它們就要認真分析一下，它們究竟屬于真分析一下，它們

8、究竟屬于“兩副面孔兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：的哪一副。如： If it rains tomorrow, I wont come. (時間狀時間狀語從句語從句) I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語從句賓語從句) 五、從句的簡化五、從句的簡化 1. 當主句謂語動詞是當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補賓語賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶to的不定式或的不定式或V-ing形式。如：形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying

9、 on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 2. 當主句謂語動詞是當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在連接代詞在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語副詞引

10、導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞連接代詞/副詞不定副詞不定式式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station？六、賓語從句的用法順口溜：六、賓語從句的用法順口溜：賓語從句三姊妹，賓語從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風采。展風采。展風采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)在把關(guān)。展風采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)在把關(guān)。主從時態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變

11、。主從時態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變。陳述請你選陳述請你選that，疑問需用，疑問需用if/whether連。連。非凡問句（特殊疑問句）作賓從，原來問詞不用換。非凡問句（特殊疑問句）作賓從，原來問詞不用換。三關(guān)過后莫自得，人稱、標點需注重。三關(guān)過后莫自得，人稱、標點需注重。留意變臉的留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡化記心間。，從句的簡化記心間。賓語從句習(xí)題基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)賓語從句習(xí)題基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. when you will leave2.Can you

12、 tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom livedC. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was 4.I think _ you will like him.A.that B. if C. why B.5.I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. that B. whether C. weather6.I wonder _ .A

13、.how much cost these shoesB.B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost 7.She asked me _ .A. who he was B. who was he C. who he is8.Ask him _ .A.whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup 9.I dont know _ .B.what time the movie starts C. what time starts the movieC. t

14、he time to start the movie 10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. I had been illC. I have been ill 11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does th

15、e pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _?A.the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is 14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave 15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his s

16、tockingC. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. When B. whether C. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so

17、 we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do B. C. what to do C. 19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC.

18、 whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear _?A.what did I say B. what I said C. I said what 22. Can you tell me _?A. which class you are in B. which class are you inC. you are in which class 23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly.A.when can I get to the station B.B. I can

19、 get to which stationC. how I can get to the station24. Could you tell me where _ yesterday?A. did you go B. you go C. you went25. Tom asked me _.A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this wasC. who shirt was this26. Excuse me, could you tell me _?A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus sta

20、tion C. where the post office is27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _.A.she lives where B. where she lives C. where does she live28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _.A. where does he live B. where he livesC. where is he living29. - Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in

21、a small town.A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave30. Have you decided _ for London?A. when will you leave B. when you will leaveC. when are you going31. Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets?A. where do we show B. where shall we showC. where we shall show32. - What are you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in _.A. how egg is fried B. how is