常用情態(tài)動詞的用法比較_第1頁
常用情態(tài)動詞的用法比較_第2頁
常用情態(tài)動詞的用法比較_第3頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩7頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

1、常用情態(tài)動詞的用法比較1)在表示“可能性”方面can 、should 、may 、might 這四個詞都可以用來表示"可能性 "。但在表達的語氣和程度方面有所不同:can 和 should 表示以事實、理由為依據(jù)而存在的可能性;其中 should 的主觀性較強,往往含有 " 應該會怎么樣 "的意思。總體上說,這兩個詞在這方面的語氣較強、較肯定。與之相比,may 和might 這兩個詞在這方面的語氣較弱些、沒有那么肯定,表示主觀意斷的可能性,沒有足夠的客 觀依據(jù)。其中, might 的語氣更為委婉、更弱。例如:You can't expect to

2、 be a top student without working hard at your study . (這種可能性很大。因為, 不努力學習怎么能成為尖子生呢?)This book should be found easily in the library . (說話人認為,圖書館應該有很多這類書籍,所以 應該很容易找到。 )You may meet her at the party today. (說話人認為,你今天或許有機會、有可能見到她。 )You might mistake what I mean. (說話人婉轉(zhuǎn)地說明,大概、也許你誤會我的意思了。 )2)在表示 "允諾

3、 "方面在表示 "允諾 "的 can ,may, might 三個情態(tài)動詞中,以 might 最為客氣、委婉; may 為居中; 而can是表達這方面意思的普通詞。在這種情況下,要根據(jù)具體情況來選用這三個情態(tài)動詞。例如:You can leave now. (用于熟識的人之間;或是公事公辦的情況。 )May I trouble you with a question ? (用于禮貌地提出請求。 )Might I have another cup of coffee? (用于陌生或正式的場合,非常委婉、得體地提出請求。)3)在表示 "應該 "方面

4、must , ought, should 都能用來表示 "出于某種職責、義務而應該怎么樣 "的意思。以 must 的語氣 最強烈; ought 為居中;而 should 是表達這方面意思的普通詞。例如:We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization .( 語氣很強烈。表示我們 應該把自己的祖國建設成一個具有四個現(xiàn)代化的強國,而且我們非得這樣做不可。)我們一定要將我們的祖國建成為一個具有四個現(xiàn)代化的強國。Students ought to study hard .(這種用法較

5、有針對性,較具體,作為學生要努力學習是責無旁貸的。學生應當努力學習。Students should study hard . (這種用法可理解為一般的提法、號召。 )學生應該努力學習。4)在表示“猜測”方面1. 情態(tài)動詞 must , can , could , may , might 都可用來表示推測1)must 所表示的可能性最大,最有把握,意為 “一定”。He _B have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn 'bte enjoying himself by the seaside.2005 北京 A. should B. must

6、 C. wouldn 'tD. can't解析:根據(jù)下文, “否則他不會在海邊玩得這么開心了 ”,可以推測上文“他肯定已經(jīng)完成工作了 ”。B , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 2005 重慶 AA quiet students as he may be B Quiet student as he may beCBe a quiet student as he may D Quiet as he may be a student 解析:雖然他可能是個安靜的孩子,但是他課后大談他喜歡的歌手。2)can和

7、could主要用于否定句和疑問句中,can '或couldn '表示 不可能”(注意:表示猜測, can/could 一般不用于肯定句中。 )Do you know where David is? Icould n 'ind him any where.Well . He have gone far his coat 'still here.2005 湖北A . shouldn ' t Bmustn ' t.Ccan ' t D wouldn ' t解析:根據(jù)下文 他的外套還在這”,可以推測,他不可能走遠”。Can在否定句中表示不

8、可能”。Isn' t that Ann's husba nd over there?No, it A be him -I'm sure he does n't wear glasses.2004 全國一A. can'tB. must not C. won't D. may not解析:根據(jù)否定回答,和下文的暗示,該處表示不可能是他”,can'不是推測常用于否定和疑問。There ' no light ontheyA be at home .【2006 全國】A. can 't B. mustn 't C . nee

9、dn 't D. shouldn ' t解析:根據(jù)上文,等不亮”,推測下文 他們不可能在家。”3) may和might表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動作或情況,主要用于肯定句中,might相對于may來說,表示的可能性更小一些。may和might都不用于疑問句中。Scientists say it may be five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.2004福建解析:該句意思是:科學家說可能還要五六年才可能將此藥試驗在人身上。may表推測 可能”。Excuse m

10、e . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ?Sorry , I am not sure . But it A be .2004 湖北A. might B. will C . must D . can解析:根據(jù)上文我不肯定”,可以推測語氣較弱,但也許是的”。might表推測語氣。2. 對目前狀態(tài)的推測:1) must/may/might/ca n/could + be+表語People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. After all, she isa gr

11、eat musician.2004 全國解析:人們對karen可能有各種看法,但我敬佩她,畢竟,她是個偉大的音樂家。2) must/may/might/ca n/could +些不能用于進行時的靜態(tài)動詞對目前正在發(fā)生的事情進行推測:must/may/might/ca n/could + be doi ngI must be getting fat - I can hardly do my trousers up. 2004 全國二解析:根據(jù)下文暗示我的褲子幾乎提不上來了”,可以判斷前句的意思是我肯定在發(fā)胖”,must be doi ng對正在發(fā)生事情的推測。對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行推測:must/

12、may/might/ca n/could + have doneTom graduated from college at a very you ng age.Oh, he _Dhave been a very smart boy then.【2004 全國四】A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. must解析:根據(jù)上文他年紀很小就大學畢業(yè)了”,可知下文表達的意思是當時他肯定是一個非常聰明的孩子”,對過去事情的肯定推測用must have done.被動語態(tài)的用法當謂語表示一個動作時,主語和它可以有兩種不同關系;主動關系或被動關系。 在表示主動關系時(即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者時)

13、,謂語的形式稱為主動語態(tài)(the Active Voice)。在表示被動關系時(即主語為動作的承受者時),謂語要用另一種形式,稱為被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)。在被動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,動作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引起的短語表示。被You' re wanted on thephone.有人給你打電話。2) 一般過去時。例如:The book was finishedlastweek. 這書是上周寫完的。3)一般將來時。例如:You' llbe allowed togoouttomorrow. 明天讓你出去。4)現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時。例如:a. The building

14、 is beingbuilt.這幢樓正在修自行車。b.repaired.be 表現(xiàn)出來。動語態(tài)由助動詞 be 加過去分詞構(gòu)成,時態(tài)通過1)一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:那時正在修自行車。5)a.The bikes were being 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時。例如:This book has been translatedb.The car had been o English.這時汽車已修完了這本書已被譯成英語。使用被動語態(tài)的情況1)需要突出或強調(diào)承受者時。例如:His work was stopped for 他的工作在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間中斷。time duringthe Fi

15、rstWorld War.2)The road has been repaired. 道路已經(jīng)修好了。不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如:Negroes were first brought to America as 黑人最初作為奴隸被帶到美國。slaves.When was the PLA founed?3)中國人民解放軍何時成立?對事物作客觀說明時It was reported that the scientists were solve this problem.據(jù)報道,科學家們正在尋求新的方法來解決這個難題。 4)出于禮貌措辭等方面的考慮不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如:It i

16、s generally considered not advisable 一般認為在這兒吸煙是不妥當?shù)摹?使用被動語態(tài)應注意下面幾點。 1)短語動詞的被動語態(tài), 如:searchingfor newways toto smokehere.要保持短語動詞的完整性,動詞后面的介詞或副詞切記不可遺漏。例These booksmustThe children2) 常帶雙賓語的動詞如:werebe taken good carewell looked after.of.這些書必須好好保管 孩子們受到了良好的護理。give, send, take, bring, rite, ask, lend, show

17、, 賓語作為保留賓語,或變?yōu)榻樵~賓語,作狀語中。teach, tell, offer,pay 等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將其中一個賓語變成主語,sing, buy, promise,make, w另一個我們給他一些圖畫書。We gave him some picture-books.He was given some picture-books.Some picture-books were given to him.3) 常帶復合賓語的動詞有 see, watch, hear, make, let, have, feel 等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z她請我過去談一談。She asked me to step i

18、n and have a talk.-Iwas asked to step in and have a talk.4) 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)和 shall 或 will 一樣。We can divide an atom. 原子是可分的。 An atom can be divided.5) 主從復合句變被動語態(tài)時, 主從句都要變。They are not going to put off the maths contest.- The maths contest is not going to be put off. 相關知識點精講1.let的用法的不定式。例如:1)當let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞,

19、變被動語態(tài)時,可用不帶toTheyletthe strangego.他們放陌生人走了。->The strange wasletgo.2)當let后賓補較長時,let通常不用被動語態(tài),而用allow或 permit 代替。例如Thenurse let me gotosee my classmate inthehospital.那護士讓我去探望住院的同學。> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.2. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài) 短語動詞是一個整體,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如:My sister will

20、 be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞3. 表示"據(jù)說"或" 相信" 的詞組,基本上由believe,consider, declare, expect, feel ,report,say, see,suppose, think,understand 等組成。例如:Itis said that -據(jù)說Itisreportedthat -據(jù)報道Itisbelievedthat 大家相信Itishoped that

21、 大家希望Itiswell known that 眾所周知Itisthought that 大家認為Itissuggested that 據(jù)建議Itistaken grantedthat 被視為當然Ithasbeen decidedthat 大家決定Itmustbe rememberthat 務必記住的是4.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1)不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語,如 appear, diedisappear,end( vi.結(jié)束), fail, happen,last,lie,remain, sit,spread, stand, break out, cometrue,fallasleep,keep

22、 silence,loseheart, take place 等沒有無被動語態(tài)。例如:After the fire,very littleremainedof my house. 大火過后,我家燒得所剩無幾。比較: rise, fall,happen 是不及物動詞; raise,seat 是及物動詞。要想正確地使用被動語態(tài), 就須注意哪些動詞是及物的, 哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost,notice, watch

23、agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。例如:This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說 的一致。3)系動詞無被動語態(tài),如appear, be become, fall,feel,get,grow, keep, look,remain, seem

24、,smell, sound, stay, taste,turn 等。例如:It sounds good.聽上去不錯。4)帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death,dream/dream , live/life等,以及反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:She dreamed a bad dream lastnight.她昨晚做了個惡夢。5)當賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如:對) She likes toswim.錯) To swim isliked byher.5.主動形式表示被動意義1)wash,clean, cook, iron,look,cut, sell,read, w

25、ear, feel,draw, write,sell 等。例如:Thebook sellswell.這本書銷路好。Thisknife cutseasily.這刀子很好用。2)blame,let (出租) ,remain,keep, rent, build 等。例如:I was to blamefor theaccident. 事故發(fā)生了,我該受指責Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。3 ) 在 need, require, want, worth (形容詞) , deserve 后的動名詞必須用主動形 式。例如:The door needs repairing.= The d

26、oor needs to be repaired. 門該修 了。This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu): make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見 / 理解自己)等。例如: Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.解釋清楚些,讓別人理解你的話。6. 被動形式表示主動意義,如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from ) , be prepared ( for ) be occupied (in ) , get ma

27、rried 等。例如:He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學。 注意:表示同某人結(jié)婚,用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 均可。例如: He married a rich girl. 他與一個富妞結(jié)婚了。He got married to a rich girl.7. need/want/require/worth當 need, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 時,表示的是被動意義。例如:Your hairThe floorwants requirescutti

28、ng. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。washing.地板需要沖洗。典型例題The libraryneeds_,but it'llhave to waituntilSunday.A. cleaningB. becleanedC. clean D.beingcleaned答案 A. need( 實意 )+n /to do,need ( 情態(tài) )+do,當為被動語態(tài)時,還可need + doing.本題考最后一種用法,選A。如有tobe clean則也為正確答案。典: done , " 不可能已經(jīng) "。must notdo 不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時)。高考題解:1)Months ago

29、 we sailedtenthousandmilesacross this open sea, which the Pacific,andwemet nostorms.( 2005 遼寧)A was calledB iscalledC had been calledDhas been calledThe number of deathsform heartdisease willbe reduced greatly it peopleto eat more fruit and vegetables.2004 上海)2)A. persuadeC. be persuadedB. will pers

30、uadeD. are persuaded【點撥】考例( 1)定語從句中表達的是客觀事實,現(xiàn)行詞和定語從句之間是動賓關系,故用一 般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。考例(2)主句是一般將來時,其后條件狀語從句應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,從句主語和謂語之間是動賓關系,故也用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),選BD。of good earth washed awaywashed awaywith 復合結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出句子應With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities each year. ( 2005 山東)A. is washing away B. is beingC. ar

31、e washing away D. are being 【點撥】此題考查了時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致兩個方面。從前面的用現(xiàn)在進行時, earth 和 wash away 之間是動賓關系,故用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。( huge) quantities of 作定語修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞與 quantities 保持一致,用復數(shù),與 所修飾的名詞無關,故選 D。(4)Millionsofpounds'worth of damage _byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorth ofEngland last nigh.( 2005 重慶)AhasbeencausedBh

32、adbeencausedC willbecausedDwillhavebeencaused【點撥】考例( 4)強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果, damage 是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞只能用第三人稱 單數(shù),和 cause 之間是動賓關系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),故選A。(5)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Ol ympics by 2006. ( 2004 北京)B. has completedA. has been completedC. will have been completed D. w

33、ill have complete d【點撥】從介詞短語 by 2006 可以看出該題表示將來某個時間要完成的動作, construction work 和動詞 complete 之間是動賓關系,故用將來完成時的被動語態(tài),選C。(6) Only when your identity has been checked , . ( 2003 上海)A you are allowed inB you will be allowed inC willyou allow inD willyou be allowed in【點撥】時間狀語從句是一般現(xiàn)在時, 主句應用一般將來時,主語和謂語之間是動賓關系,

34、only 跟時間狀語從句或介詞短語時,句子要用倒裝語序,故選D。(7)(9) ?Why didyou leavethatposition?( 2005 北京)?I a betterpositionat IBM.A. offerB.offeredC. am offeredered【點撥】考例( 8)中有明顯的過去時間狀語D. was offlast year, 考例( 9 )雖然沒有明顯的時間狀語,Thepoliceman 'sattention wassuddenlycaught bya small box which _placed underthe Minister 's

35、car.( 2005 廣東)A.has beenB. wasbeingC. hadbeen D. wouldbe點撥】考例( 7)從主句可以看出, place 這個動作發(fā)生在主句動詞catch 所表示的動作之前,先行詞和 place 之間是動賓關系,故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài),選 C8)Morethana dozenstudents in thatschool _ abroad tostudymedicinelastyear.( 2005 上海)A.sentB. were sentC. had sentD. hadbeensent但從問句的時態(tài)可以看出, offer 這動作也是發(fā)生在過去,兩考例

36、中的主語和謂語動詞之間都是動賓關系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),選BD。鞏固練習:1.After afirebroke outinthe lab,a lotof equipment.( 2005 北京春)A.is damagedB. had damagedC.damagedD. was damaged2.I can'tseeany coffeeinthis cupboard._? ( 2005 北京春)A.Has itallbeen finishedB. Was it all finishedC.Has itallfinishedD. Did it all finish3.More pa

37、tientsinhospitalthisyear than last year. (2004江蘇)A.treatedB. have treatedC.had been treatedD. have beentreated4.? The window is dirty.( 2004 廣西)?I know. It for weeks.A.hasn't cleanedB.didn 't cleanC.wasn't cleanedD.hasn't been cleaned5.?George and Lucygot marriedlastweek. Did yougoto

38、heirwedding?( 2004 湖北)?No, I .Did theyhavea bigwedding?Awas not invitedBhavenotbeeninvitedChadn't been invitedDdidn'tinvite6.The first use ofatomic weaponswas in1945,andtheir power _ increasedenormouslyever since.( 2004 上海)A.isB. wasC.hasbeenD. hadbeen7.According to theart dealer,thepainting

39、 togoforatleastamillion dollars. (2004 全國 II)Ais expectedB expectsC expectedDisexpecting8.The news reportershurriedto theairport,onlythefilmstarshad left. ( 2004 福建)13.?Do you?Yes, itA. isliketheveryfeelingmaterial? (1994NMET)soft.B. feltC.feelsD. isfelt14. A new 北京春招 )A. willcinemahere.They hopetofinishitnext month.(2001isbeingRainforestsbebuiltB.is builtC. hasbeenbuiltD.builtand burnedat suchpearfrom theearth in near future.A. cutB. a

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論