非謂語動詞講解

1、非謂語動詞語法講解一、非謂語動詞的概念動詞的基本用法是作謂語。 當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞了，要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語形式有三種：1、動詞不定式： to do2 、動詞的 ing : doing3 、動詞的過去分詞：done不定式：表示目的和將來；動詞的 ing ：表示主動和進行；過去分詞：表示被動和完成。二、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式完成式進行式不定式主動to doto have doneto be doing被動to be doneto have been doneing形式主動doinghaving done被動being donehaving been done過去分

2、詞被動done三非謂語動詞的句法功能：（一）動詞不定式：to+do1不定式的否定式：not + to do（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.（2）進行式：不定式的動作正在發(fā)生The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前I regretted to have told a lie.1I happened to hav

3、e seen the film.2不定式的句法功能：（1）作主語：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.（2）作表語：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hop

4、e, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend,refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.（4）作賓語補足語：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to 的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不

5、定式要加toI saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定語：動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。I have a meeting to attend.He found a good house to live in.（6）作狀語：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.2表結(jié)果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用 only 放在不定式前表示強調(diào)：I visited him only to find him out.

6、表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.（ 7）作獨立成分： to tell you the truth, to be honest, generally speaking To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.（二） Ving1否定式： not + Ving（1）一般式：Seeing is believing.眼見為實。（2）被動式：He came to the party without being invited他未被邀請就來到了晚會。（3）完成式：We remember

7、ed having seen the film.我們記得看過這部電影。（4）完成被動式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。（ 5）否定式： not + VingI regret not following his advice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。2Ving 的句法功能：（1）作主語：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗讀是很有好處的。當(dāng)動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒

8、用的。（2）作表語：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.3在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。（3）作賓語：They haven't finished building the dam.他們還沒有建好大壩。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。形式賓語itWe found it no good making fun of others.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, av

9、oid（避免） , excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider,admit （承認）， deny（否認） , mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險） , appreciate（感激） , be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地） , think of,dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keepfrom, stop （from ）,protectfrom,set about,

10、be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to,object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like（4）作定語：He can't walk without a walking-stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的

11、父親。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問題很重要。（ 5）作狀語 Ving 的主動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，They went to the park, singing and talking.他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。 Ving 的被動語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。Having been told many

12、 times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.(強調(diào)動作的先后動作 )被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。作時間狀語：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.4在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。作原因狀語：Being a League member, he is always helping others.由于是共青團員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。作方式狀語，表示伴隨：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作條

13、件狀語：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。作結(jié)果狀語：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。作目的狀語：He went swimming the other day.幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。（ 6）作賓語補足語：如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語：see, watch,

14、hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。（四）過去分詞：過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed 構(gòu)成。過去分詞的句法功能：1過去分詞作定語：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上

15、周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。5注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。2過去分詞作表語：The window is broken.窗戶破了。They were frightened at the sad sight.他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：boiled water（開水） fallen leave

16、s（落葉）newly arrived goods（新到的貨）the risen sun（升起的太陽）the changed world（變了的世界）3過去分詞作賓語補足語：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞做with 短語中的賓語補足語：With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。4過去分詞作狀語：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到鄰居

17、們的表揚，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間）Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.雖然被告之有危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充

18、滿了希望與恐懼，他走進山洞。 1下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別，forget to do忘記要做某事forget doing忘記做了某事remember to do 記住要做某事remember doing 記著做了某事mean to do有意要做某事mean doing意味著做了某事6regret to do對要做的事表示后悔regret doing對做過去的事后悔can t help to do 不能幫助做某事can t help doing情不自禁做某事try to do盡力去做某事try doing試著做某事learn to do學(xué)著去做某事learn doing學(xué)會做某

19、事stop to do停下來去做（另一件事）stop doing停止做某事go on to do接著做（另外一件事）go on doing繼續(xù)做某事used to do過去做某事be used to doing習(xí)慣做某事2. 只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , sugges

20、t , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can t help , can t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,7非謂語動詞專練1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving2.The first textbooks _ for teach

21、ing English as a foreign language came out inthe 16th century.A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.To lose B.Lost C.Having los

22、t D.Losing5.When passing me he pretended _ me.A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen6.The children insisted _ there on foot.A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young.A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having

23、 taken8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left.A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to ZhongshanPark.A.leading;finding;leadingB.to lead;found;to lea

24、dC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led10._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was inbeing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic O

25、cean in five days.A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail812.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ againstyour face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move13._ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30years time.A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C

26、.As;advanced D.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something theydon t really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed16.Please excu

27、se my _ in without _ .A.come;permittedB.coming;permittedC.comimg;being permittedD.to come;being permitted17._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting_ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held18. Did you hear her _ this pop song this t

28、ime the other day? Yes,and I heard this song _ in English. A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;had discussedC.being discussed;discussedD.discussing;discussing20.With the cooking

29、 _ ,I went on _ some sewing.A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing21.It is no use _ your past mistakes.A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her,only _ her fivechildren.A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.le

30、aving;left D.left;leaving923.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem _ .A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out24.I would appreciate _ back this affernoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ .A.tiring;tired B

31、.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room.A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of.A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow.A.to solve B.to

32、 be solved C.solved D.solving29._ maps properly,you need a special pen.A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing30.There is a river _ around our school.A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken32.I was fortunate

33、 to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home,but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing33.Whth the kindhearted boy _ me with my work,Im sure I ll be able to sparetime _ with your work.A.to help;help

34、 you outB.helping;helping youC.helped;to help you outD.to help;to help you34.Greatly movedd by her words, _ .A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.35. I hope the children wont touch the dog.10 I ve warned

35、them _ . A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do36.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours tofinish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone37.When _ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and saidnothing.A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be a

36、sked38.The man kept silent in the room unless _ .A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak39.He was often listened _ in the next room.A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing40.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding41.The b

37、oy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to42.What s troubling them is _ enough experienced workers.A.that they have to B.they have not C.their not having D.not their having43._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting

38、 in touch with Bill.A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not know44.Bamboo is used _ houses in some places .A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built45.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing46.The day we looked f

39、orward to _ .A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come47.Whom would you rather _ the work?A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do1148.Do you think it any good _ with him again?A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _ .A.acc

40、epting fully B.being fully accepted C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted50.The government forbids _ such bad books.A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing非謂語動詞專練答案15CBDBD610CBAAA1115CBCCB1620CADCA2125ADBCA2630CCBCC3135CADBB3640BBADC4145ACAAA4650CDABD練習(xí)I .單項選擇1.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting2. _