FAQunitemissionsFAQ單位排放

1、FAQs- UNIT EMISSIONSInformation on the Data Sources Used to Obtain the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Unit Emission FactorsRTI s MSW DST provided category specific GHGThe data for each combination study region- waste management process obtained from facilities during the data collection survey and supplemente

2、d with literature data (See April 14, 2009 Interim Project Report) were used as input to RTI s MSW DST. study region- waste management process- waste emission factors for the following processes:ocean freighter. Franklin ocean freighter. Collection Transportation for all modes, except Associates, LT

3、D. (1998) was used for Compost preparation, excluding application Chipping and grinding, excluding application (emissions from tub grinders and rolling stock operation as obtain from the MSW DST were used) Recycling, separation and remanufacturing (excluding forest carbon sequestration) BTE (data we

4、re obtained only for combustion of biomass and energy recovery) ffTE Landfill disposal (excluding carbon storage)RTI s MSW DST does not provide emission factors for N：0, only for CO： and CHi, and RTI used the following data sources to obtain X：0 emissions: Used IPCC (2006) and data collected during

5、compost sampling for Brown et al. (2009) for compost preparation (excluding application) Used US. EPA (2006) and Franklin Associates, LTD. (1998) for WTE and BTE Used IPCC (2006) for AD, landfill disposal (leachate treatment and energy generation at landfills with energy recovery)N：0 emissions from

6、other processes (e. g., transportation) are less significant than CO： emissions. When data were available from the sources consulted RTI considered those data and additional data sources were not consulted.RTI used additional data sources for other processes not included in the MSW DST as follows: U

7、sed data collected during compost sampling for Brown and Cotton (2009) for compost and mulch application emission burdens Used ROU (2006) for compost and mulch application energy burdens and for compost application energy offsets Used Brown and Cotton (2009) for compost application emission offsets

8、Used US. EPA (2006), for recycling emissions offsets associated with forest carbon sequestration Used RTI s AD model (RTI, 2005) in combination with the data presented in the April 14, 2009 Interim Project Report for AD emissions and energy burdens and offsets Used Franklin Associates, LTD. (1998) f

9、or emissions burdens associated with using natural gas as supplemental fuel in BTE facilities Used CARB (2009) for energy and emission burdens associated with CNG production and Franklin Associates, LTD. (1998) for offsets associated with replacing natural gas with CNG as vehicle fuel. Used Staley a

10、nd Bariaz (2009) for landfill emission offsets associated with carbon storageInformation on the Calculations Used to Obtain the By-Process Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Unit Emission FactorsRTI calculated net emission factors for each waste management process according to the LCA boundaries defined in the Ap

11、ril 14, 2009 Interim Project Report. Burdens and offsets were identified and factored in as presented in the following table.Waste Management ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens(A)Offsets(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activities (C) (1)Net Value CalculationCompostCollectionXAUser Definedc =Compost preparat

12、ion- ffindrow or ASPNAUser Definedp =Compost applicationVaries according to the waste category or User DefinedA = (A) - (B)Product (compost) transportationXAVaries according to the waste category or User DefinedPT = (A)Residuals transportationNAUser DefinedRT = (A)Residuals disposal at LF (1)User De

13、finedLF = (A) - (B)COMPOST NET GHG EMISSION OR EXERGY FACTOR (CNEMF)CXEMF = C + P - (C)*A + (C)*PT + CC)*RT + (C)*LFChipping and GrindingCollectionNAUser Definedc =Mulch preparationNAUser Definedp =Mulch applicationUser DefinedA = (A) - (BProduct (mulch) transportationNAUser DefinedPT = (A)Residuals

14、 transportationNAUser DefinedRT = (A)Residuals disposal at LF (1)User DefinedLF = (A) - (B)CHIPPING AND GRINDING NET GHG EMISSION OR EXERGY FACTOR (C&GNEMF)C&GXEMF = C 于 P + (C)*A -(C)*PT + CC)*RT + (C)*LFWaste Management ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens(A)Offsets(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activitie

15、s (C) (1)Net Value CalculationRecyclingCollectionXAUser Definedc =Separation at MRFNAUser Defineds =RemanufacturingUser DefinedR = (A) - (B)Product (recyclables) transportationNAUser DefinedPT = (A)Residuals transportationNAUser DefinedRT = (A)Residuals disposal at LF(1)User DefinedLF = (A) - (B)REC

16、YCLING NET GHG EMISSION OR EXERGY FACTOR (RNEMF)RXEMF = C + S + (C)*R + (C)*PT + CC)*RT + (C)*LFAnaerobic DigestionCollectionNAUser Definedc =ADUser DefinedAD = (A) - (B)Leachate treatmentNAUser DefinedLT= (A)Leachate transportationNA (8)NANALtrans= (A)Compost preparation (2)NAUser Definedp =Compost

17、 applicationUser DefinedA = (A) - (B)Product (compost) transportationNAUser DefinedPT = (A)Residuals transportationNAUser DefinedRT = (A)Residuals disposal at LF(1)User DefinedLF = (A) - (B)AD NET GHG EMISSION OR ENERGY FACTOR (ADXEMF)ADNEMF = C 十 AD T (C)*LT T (C)*P + (C)*A + (C)*PTWaste Management

18、 ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens(A)Offsets(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activities (C) (1)Net Value Calculation+ (C)*RT + CC)*LFWaste Management ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens(A)Offsets(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activities (C) (1)Net Value CalculationBiomass - to- Energy (BTE)CollectionXAUser Define

19、dc =BTEUser DefinedBTE = (A) - (BResiduals transportationXAUser DefinedRT = (A)Residuals disposal at Ash LFNAUser DefinedLF = (A)BTE NET GHG EMISSION OR EXERGY FACTOR (BTENEMF)BTEXEMF = C T BTE *(C)*RT + CC)*LFWaste to- Energy (ffTE)CollectionNAUser Definedc =ffTEUser DefinedWTE = (A) - (BFerrous se

20、paration at ffTE facilityNAUser Defineds =Ferrous remanufacturingUser DefinedR = (A) - (B)Product (ferrous material) transportationNAUser DefinedPT = (A)Residuals transportationNAUser DefinedRT = (A)Residuals disposal at Ash LFNAUser DefinedLF = (A)WTE NET GHG EMISSION OR EXERGY FACTOR (WTENEMF)WTEX

21、EMF = C + WTE -(C)*S + (C) *R - (C)*PT +(C)*RT + CC)*LFWaste Management ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens(A)Offsets(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activities (C) (1)Net Value CalculationLandfill (LF) DisposalCollectionXAUser Definedc =LF VentUser DefinedLFV = (A) - (BLF FlareUser DefinedLFF = (A) - (B)LF

22、Energy Recovery (ER)User DefinedLFER = (A) - (B)LF Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)User DefinedLFCXG = (A) - (B)Leachate treatmentXAUser DefinedLT=Leachate transportationNAUser DefinedLtrans= (A)LF NET GHG EMISSION OR EXERGY FACTOR (LFNEMF)LFNEMF = C + LFV or LFF or LFER or LFCNG + (C)*LT + CO *Ltrans(1

23、) Values presented as percentage of incoming vaste and according to information presented in the April 11, 2009 Interim Project Report,(2) Residu&ls disposal is assumed to happen at a landfill with flaring.SA： Not ApplicableGreenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for LF CNG were estimated according to

24、 the following table:Waste Management ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens Data Sources (A)Offsets DataSources(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activities (C) (1)Net Value CalculationWaste Management ProcessProcess ComponentBurdens Data Sources (A)Offsets DataSources(B)% Mass Flow to Different Activities (C) (

25、1)Net Value CalculationLandfill (LF) Compressed Natural Gas (LF CNG)CollectionRir s MSff DSTNA100%c =LF CNGLandfill disposalRTI s MSff DST and IPCC(2006) (2)NA100%LF disposal = (A)Pathway for CNG including landfill gas (LFG) recovery, LFG pipeline transport LFG cleanup and compression to natural gas

26、 (NG), gas transport, natural compression at refueling station, and fuel combustionCARB (2009)Franklin Associates LTD.(1998) (3)Varies according to the LFG generation potential of the waste stream and the gas quality, i. e. , CO* vs. CH( LFG generation potential was obtained from Rir s MSW DST and g

27、as quality was assumed to be 50% CtkPathway for CNG = (A) -(B)Leachate treatmentRir s MSff DST and IPCC (2006)XA5% (5)LT=Leachate transportationRir s MSff DSTNA5% (5)Ltrans= (A)LF NET GHG EMISSION OR ENERGY FACTOR (LFNEMF)LFNEMF = C + LF disposal + Pathway for CXG T (C)*LT + (C)*Ltrans(I) NA；Values

28、presented as percentage of inccoing vaste and according to information presented in the April 11, 2009 Interim Project Report, Assuaed to be the same as those estioiated for a landfill with energy recovery (LF ER),For offsets associated with rplscing natural gas with CNG as vehicle fuelNotApplicable

29、ReferencesBenefits of compost use: Results of on- for the CIWMB (CA Integrated WasteARI (Alternative Resources, Inc) 2007. Los Angeles County Conversion Technology Evaluation Report- Phase II. Prepared for The County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works. October.Brown, S. and Cotton, M. 2009.

30、farm sampling. Report Prepared Management Board) CARB (CA Air Resources Board).Pathway from Compressed Natural Gas February 28.2009.Detailed California-Modified GREET(CNG) from Landfill Gas, Version 2. 1.Local Government OperationsCARB (CA Air Resources Board) 2008. Protocol.Franklin Associates, LTD. 1998. E