巧記動詞不定式和動名詞做賓語

1、巧記跟不定式和動名詞做賓語的動詞用法語法體現(xiàn)語言的規(guī)律, 學(xué)好英語離不開語法學(xué)習(xí)。其中， 動詞的用法是重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)。對于謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的用法，學(xué)生普遍感到困難。學(xué)生感到 50多個(gè)動詞，用法難以掌握，但調(diào)整了書上表格中單詞的排列順序，根據(jù)漢意編寫順口溜會方便記憶：(1) 跟不定時(shí)作賓語的動詞有：打算 (intend) 計(jì)劃 (plan) 和期盼 (expect/desire)假裝 (pretend) 喜歡 (would like/love/prefer) 表祝愿 (wish)決定 (decide) 同意 (agree) 來幫助 (help)設(shè)法(manage)說® (persu

2、ade) 不拒絕(refuse)好像 (seem/appear) 答應(yīng) (promise) 做努力 (attempt)選擇 (choose) 詢問 (ask) 多學(xué)習(xí) (learn)告訴 (tell) 失敗 (fail) 也付得起(afford)不定式賓語要牢記！(2) 跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：考慮( consider )完成(finish )多練習(xí)(practise )避免(avoid )冒險(xiǎn)(risk )求建議(suggest/recoomend )面對( face )喜歡(enjoy/appreciate )和介意(mind)允許(allow )承認(rèn)(admit/permit )或放棄(

3、give up/abandon)推遲 ( put off/delay/postphone ) 逃避 ( escape) 不原諒 ( excuse/pardon )提及(mention )堅(jiān)持(keep/insist on )要想象(imagine/fancy )還有詞組feel like 和can t stand ！瞧！ ，我們就這樣快快樂樂地記住了吧！(3) 在動詞 remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require ， stop, mean等后跟動名詞V-和不定式意義不同，巧記一句話(記住努力；后悔忘記；需要停止；很有意義)，學(xué)習(xí)采用對比法：r

4、emember to do something 記著去做某事(現(xiàn)在還沒有做)努力、盡力做某事試著做某事(看能否達(dá)到預(yù)期的結(jié)果)remember doing something 記著曾做過某事(以前做過某事)try to do somethingtry doing somethingstop to do something 開始做某事(停下正在做的事，開始做另一事) stop doing something 停止做某事(停止正在做的事)對將來做的事感到遺憾、惋惜對已經(jīng)做過的事感到后悔regret to do somethingregret doing somethingmean to do so

5、mething 打算，想，意圖 mean doing something 意味著want/require/need to be done某事需要做want/require/need doing某事需要做（這時(shí)動名詞和主語之間有動賓關(guān)系, 如:The room needs cleaning/needs to be cleaned） can' t help to do sth.不能幫助做某事can' t help doing sth.禁不住做某事（四）請牢記在下列固定句式中，動詞用 V-ing式：There is no point arguing further.再爭辯下去沒有意義

6、。It is no good doing that.那樣做沒有用。It is no use telling his father about it.告訴他父親那件事沒用。小試牛刀1. The boy decided in Shanghai, which made his father a little surprised.A. not to workB. to not work C. not working D.working not2. 一Would you mind the door? Of course not.A. I opening B. me to open C. for me t

7、o open D. my opening3. As you know, here, missing a bus means for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting4. She going out for a walk, but I' d rather stay at Tome watchinA. wanted B. asked C. hoped D. suggested5. Sorry. We don ' t allow here.A. smoking B. having smoked C.

8、 to smoke D. to be smoked6. In winter, many animals manage without eating for many months.A. to live B. to have lived C. having lived D. living7. My father insisted although we were very tired.A. walk home B. to walk home C. on walking home D. in walking home8. After he had worked several hours, he

9、stopped a cup of coffee to refresh himself .A. to drink B. drinkingC. drink D. drank9. Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn' .t like todayA. to swim B. swimmingC. swimD. to have swim10. I regret you that the sports meet has been put off.A. telling B. to tellC. tell D. told11. Sh

10、e desires not for an hour.A. disturb B . to be disturbC. to be disturbed D . to have disturbed（五卜不定式省略to的幾種情況一、使役動詞與to的省略to。如:當(dāng)不定式用于let, make, have等使役動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語，不定式必須省略Let me have another cup of tea.給我再來一杯茶。She had him dig away the snow.她讓他把雪挖走。They made him tell them everything.他們強(qiáng)迫他把一切全告訴他們。但是，當(dāng)使役動

11、詞用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式則必須要帶to。如：他被迫一天工作20小時(shí)。誤： He was made work twenty hours a day.正： He was made to work twenty hours a day.注意，表示使役意義的let和have很少用于被動語態(tài)。另外注意，force, oblige等雖然也表示 使“，但它們后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須帶to。如：They forced her to sign the paper.他們強(qiáng)迫她在文件上簽字。The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法

12、律要求父母送子女上學(xué)。 二、感覺動詞與to的省略當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動詞feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to 等作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式必須省略to。如：We all felt the house shake.我們都感覺這房子在震動。I heard him go down the stairs.我聽見他下樓了。Did you notice her leave the house?她離開屋子你注意到 了嗎 ？I watched her get into the car.我看著她上了 車。但是，當(dāng)feel后用作賓語補(bǔ)

13、足語的不定式為to be時(shí)，則不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be unwise.他們都認(rèn)為這個(gè)計(jì)劃不明智。注意，當(dāng)這些動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前的to不能省略。如：They were heard to break a glass in the next door.聽見他們在隔壁打破了一個(gè)玻璃杯子。另外，若用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式為完成式，則通常應(yīng)帶 to。如：I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她來得很早。 三、介詞except / but 與to的省略當(dāng)不定式用作介詞 except或except的賓語時(shí)，該不定式有

14、時(shí)帶 to,有時(shí)不帶to,情形 比較復(fù)雜，大致原則是：其前有 do,不定式不帶to;其前沒有do,不定式通常帶 to。如: He likes nothing except to watch TV .除了看電視外，他什么都不喜歡。It had no effect except to make him angry.除惹他生氣夕卜，沒產(chǎn)生任何效果。There ' s little we can do except wa除了等待我們沒有什么辦法。I could do nothing except agree.我除了同意，沒有別的辦法。 四、help與to的省略當(dāng)動詞help后跟一個(gè)不定式用作賓

15、語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式可以不帶 to,也可以不 帶to。如：Can you help (to) carry this table upstairs?你能幫忙把桌子搬到樓上去嗎？I have lost my watch. Will you help me (to) look for it?我把表丟了，你能不能幫我找一下？但是，當(dāng)help用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)，其后不定式必須帶to。如：Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flying.米利被幫助克服了 她的飛行恐懼。另外，當(dāng)不定式為否定式時(shí)，其中的 to通常不宜省略。如：How can I help my

16、 children not to worry about their exams? 我怎樣才能幫助我的孩子們不為他 們的考試著急呢？五、固定搭配與to的省略1、Why not.? = Why don't you.? 習(xí)慣上接動詞原形，不能接帶 to不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞，主要用于表示同意、贊成、勸誘等，其意為“為什么不呢”。如：Why not go with him? = Why don't you go with him?為什么不和他一起去呢？2、 had better.,最好做某事，如：You had better stay here.你最好呆在這里。3、 “would rath

17、er動詞原形"意為"寧愿做某事”。如：Wd d rather stay at hom瓶們寧愿呆在家里。I would rather not tell him.我寧愿不告訴他。4、prefer+不定式+rather than+動詞原形，其意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如：I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我寧愿走著去，而不愿坐公共汽車去。He prefers to read rather than watch television.他喜歡 讀書而不喜歡看電視。但，prefer+動名詞+to+動名詞，其意為“寧愿做某事

18、而不愿做另一事”。如：He prefers swimming to riding as a sport.作為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目，他更喜歡游泳而不是騎馬。注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的prefer前有時(shí)也可用 would, should等。如：We would prefer playing outdoors to watching television. 我們寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。習(xí)慣上只接動名詞(V+ING作賓語的動詞常用動詞有： admit承認(rèn)、advise建議、allow允許、appreciate感激、avoid避免、consider 考慮 delay 推遲、deny 否認(rèn)、discuss 討論、disli

19、ke 不喜歡、enjoy 喜愛、escape逃脫、excuse 原諒、fancy 設(shè)想、finish 完成、forbid 禁止、forgive 原諒、give up 放棄、imagine 想像、keep 保持、mention 提及、mind 介意、miss 沒趕上、pardon 原諒、permit 允許、practise 練習(xí)、prevent 阻止、prohibit 禁止、put off 推遲、report報(bào)告、risk冒險(xiǎn)、stop停止、suggest建議、understand理解等，這些動詞后面常接動名詞作 賓語。另在一些固定搭配中也常接動名詞作賓語。如：1、insist on doing

20、堅(jiān)持要做某事。如：He insisted on doing it by himself. 他堅(jiān)持要一個(gè)人做。2、have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 相當(dāng)，意為 在做某事方面有困難、麻煩 ”。如： She has difficulty/trouble (in) learning maths well.她學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)有困難。3、be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事。如：They are busy (in) doing with the trouble. 他們正在忙于處理那個(gè)問題?！镜湫陀梅▽?shí)例】I advise waiting a fe

21、w more days.我建議再等幾天。They avoided mentioning that name.他們避免提至U刃B個(gè)名字。He denied having been there.他否認(rèn)到過那里。He disliked being laughed at.他不喜歡別人笑他。I ' ve enjoyed seeing you and talking about old time戟見至U你起談往事4E常高興。We don ' t allow (permit) smoking on this plane在這架飛機(jī)上我們不允許抽煙。I admit breaking the wi

22、ndow.我承認(rèn)窗子是我打破的。Try to imagine being on the moon.設(shè)法想像你是在月球上。He made a New Year ' s resolution to give up smoking.了新年決心要戒煙。They risked losing everything.他們冒失去一切的危險(xiǎn)。He tried to escape being punished.他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。You shouldn ' t keep thinking abou像不應(yīng)老想著這事。Would you mind going with her?你可否同她一起去 ？I ca

23、n ' t understand neglecting children like that.孩子那樣毫不經(jīng)心，我不能理解。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見面。I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議以另一種方法做這事。I put off writing from day to day.我日復(fù)一日地推遲寫它?！編c(diǎn)用法說明】(1)有的動詞后接動名詞作賓語時(shí)通常帶有邏輯主語：The rain prevented his coming.下雨使他不能來。Excu

24、se my opening your letter by mistake.原諒我不慎把你的信拆開。(2)有的動詞(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后雖然不能直接跟不定式作賓語，但可接不 定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：He advised buying a computer.他建議買臺電月百。He advised her to buy a computer.他建議她買臺電月百。(3)有些動詞(如consider, understand, discuss等)雖不接不定式作賓語，卻可接 疑問詞+不定 式”作賓語：Have you considered how to get the

25、re?你是否考慮過如何至U那兒去？She doesn ' t understand how to look after him不知道應(yīng)如何照顧他。We discussed what to do and where we should go.我們討論了 該怎么辦及到哪里去。習(xí)慣上接不定式作賓語的動詞通常只接不定式(而不是動名詞)作賓語的動詞有：afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起、agree同意、arrange安排、 ask 要求、care 想要、choose 決定、decide 決定、demand 要求、determine 決心、expect 期待、 fail未能、help幫助、hesitate猶豫、

26、hope希望、10ng渴望、manage設(shè)法、offer主動提出、 plan計(jì)戈ij、 prepare準(zhǔn)備、pretend彳民裝、promise答應(yīng)、refuse拒絕、want想要、wish 希望等。 如：I can ' t afford to buy a dOr買不起汽車。She refused to help me.她不肯幫助我。He agreed to come over right away.他同意馬上就來。He managed to avoid an accident.他設(shè)法避免了一次事故。The boy decided not to become a sailor.那孩子決

27、定將來不當(dāng)水手。He chose not to go abroad until later.他決定晚點(diǎn)出國。He pretended not to know the facts.他佯裝不知實(shí)情。v+sb to do sth 用法通?？蓭Р欢ㄊ阶髻e語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有advise建議，allow允許，ask要求、叫，bear忍受，beg請求,cause 弓 I起,command 命令,encourage 鼓勵,expect 期待,forbid 原諒,force 強(qiáng)迫,get 使, hate討厭,help幫助,intend打算,invite邀請,leave離開,need需要,oblige逼迫、責(zé)成,o

28、rder 命令,permit 準(zhǔn)許、允許,persuade 說服，prefer 寧愿,request 要求,remind 提醒，teach 教，tell 告訴,trouble麻煩，want想要，warn警告，wish希望、hope希望等： He didn ' t allow theudents to go there.他沒讓學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾骸e ordered the work to be started at once.他命令馬上開始工作。He forbade me to use his car.他不準(zhǔn)我用他的小車。The doctor warned him not to smoke.

29、醫(yī)生告誡他不要抽煙。My parents encouraged me to study abroad.父母鼓勵我出國留學(xué)。I tried to persuade him to leave, but he wouldn ' t listeft勸他離開，可他不聽。注意：promise sb to do sth該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式的邏輯主語不是其前的賓語sb,而是句子主語，所以嚴(yán)格說來，此句中的不定式不是賓語補(bǔ)足語，如 He promised me to go.的意思是 池答應(yīng)我他去”，而不是 他答 應(yīng)讓我去”。專題練習(xí)：1、The man insisted a taxi for me even

30、 though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on findingD. in finding2、The old man,abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have worked D. having worked3、My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me t

31、akingC. for me to take D. me to take4、 in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.To waitB. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited5、Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time the exam.A. passB. to passC. passedD. Passing6、According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week TV.A. to watch B. to watchingC. watchingD. Watch7、Certainly I pos