虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法歸納

1、WORD格式虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法歸納虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn) 用，以及虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一些特殊用法。虛擬條件句虛擬條件句就是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實(shí)或與 事實(shí)相反或在現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時(shí)間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種， 即與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句及與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的 虛擬條件句。具體情況請(qǐng)看下表：例句：1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I had enough money now， I would lend it to you.If I were you， I would go to tell him

2、 the real feeling upon him.If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.2. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If he had taken your advice， he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.If he had taken my advice, he would

3、have succeeded in the competition.3. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.he could certainly achieveIf he were to be given another chance to do it again more.If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.1. 虛擬條件句的倒裝在虛擬條件句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說(shuō)話人的一種主

4、觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒 裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略 if, 把條件從句謂語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞放在句首實(shí)現(xiàn)的， 句子則可換成下列形式，即 “ were / had / should +主語(yǔ) ”。如：Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation， I would not have let the thief escapeawaywith so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought， what should we do at that time ?Were

5、 I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 有時(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間并不一致，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表示的具 體時(shí)間來(lái)決定。例如：， things wouldn't be going soChinese peoplewouldIf we hadn't been working hard in the past few

6、years smoothly.If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country still live a life in painand poverty.專業(yè)資料整理情并以的況不有時(shí)假3. 含蓄條件句從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)某個(gè)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)(w it如h ： ，、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這種句子稱為含otherwi ， witho se ut 蓄條件句。例如：but ， in that for position )But for the help from you， but ， you see

7、 ， my babyI would not have had the chance to go to college.I would never mind you making such loud noises is in a deepsleep.It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用在某些詞或短語(yǔ)后接的從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式 不同，虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以分為“ should 類”和“過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)類 ”。2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于名詞性從句（1 ）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用?！?wish

8、 + 賓語(yǔ)從句 ”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為 “要是 ? 就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的 愿望，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“ would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”；表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “ had + 過(guò)去分 詞”或“ could（should） + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞 sugges

9、t 、advise 、propose 、 demand 、 require 、 insist request 、 command 、 order 等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原 形。如：She suggested we （should）leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2 ）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。作表示建議、 要求、命令等的名詞 advise 、idea 、 order 、 demand 、plan 、 proposal 、suggestion 、 r

10、equest 等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “（ should ） + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.不相信、理等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句指將來(lái)狀(b 用 eMy idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.( 3 )虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。在主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、應(yīng)如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)tha

11、t we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說(shuō)人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感， that 從句也可用

12、陳述句語(yǔ)氣。如：It is pity that you' t swim.can3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他場(chǎng)合的運(yùn)用( 1 )虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 as if/as though、 even if/even though或狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)； 指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)； 況則用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.( 2 )虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句中。這種從句常用于句“It is (high)time中， ?定語(yǔ)”從句

13、的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般型 (that) 過(guò)去時(shí)were) should 動(dòng)詞原形，意思“( 現(xiàn)在 ) 該 ?”。如：或 + 是I ' s time that I picked up my daughter.tI ' s high time we were going.t( 3 )虛擬語(yǔ)氣用 if 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：在 onlyIf only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（ 4 ）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些簡(jiǎn)單句中的運(yùn)用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人謙虛、 客氣、有禮貌或語(yǔ)氣委婉，常出 現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。如：It woul

14、d be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.、 should 類should + 動(dòng)詞原這一類的虛擬語(yǔ)氣是通過(guò)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用形 ”體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的， should 可以省略其具體運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在：1. 在 suggest ， order ， demand ， propose， command，request ， desire ， ins

15、ist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 與 suggest， orderdemand詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的 su 名詞ion虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：， ord ，erprop

16、osedemandcommandproposal， request， desi ， insis re語(yǔ)等后從句的 表語(yǔ)從句或同位等動(dòng)中要使用The general sent the order that the battle(should) be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.3.It is/was suggested， ， 結(jié)構(gòu)以demandedproposed etc. ) 及necess

17、a在(orderedryessent， import ， natur 等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：ialant strangealIt's requested that we (should) keep the stability of the society for the people'speacefullife.It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately.二、過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)類英語(yǔ)中，還有一些詞或短語(yǔ)后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，虛擬語(yǔ)氣是 通過(guò)句中的謂語(yǔ)使

18、用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài) ( 如：一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等 ) 來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。1. wish ， would rather 后 的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if， as though引導(dǎo)的從句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由 if only ( 要是 ?，那