大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬試題含答案04知識(shí)講解

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬試題含答案04PART V READING COMPREHENSION 25 MINIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT ARacket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want t

2、o call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to

3、 this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up insid

4、e us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are an

5、noyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards

6、 are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irrit

7、ability in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngst

8、ers exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is

9、 because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.1. In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to" are used to mean.2. A.unaffected by3. B.hurt by4. C.unlikely to be seen by5

10、. D.unknown by6. The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as.7. A.unrealistic8. B.traditional9. C.concerned10. D.hysterical11. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?12. A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.13. B.Although noi

11、se can be annoying, it is not a major problem.14. C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.15. D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.16. The author condemns noise essentially because it.17. A.is against the law18. B.can make some people irritable19. C.i

12、s a nuisance20. D.in a ganger to people's health21. The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be _.22. A.unimportant23. B.impossible.24. C.a waste of money25. D.essentialTEXT BWhat we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother

13、to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child

14、do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poe

15、tic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that

16、no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability,

17、it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all o

18、rganized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music t

19、hat is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child

20、grows up.26. Which of the following statements is not true?27. A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.28. B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.29. C. The blood vessels of mother and c

21、hild do not join directly.30. D. There are no connection between mother's nervous systems and her unborn child's.31. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that.32. A. she is emotionally shocked33. B.she has a good knowledge of inheritance34. C. she takes part in all kind of a

22、ctivities35. D. she sticks to studying36. According to the passage, a child may inherit.37. A. everything from his mother38. B. a knowledge of mathematics39. C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence40. D. her mother's musical ability41. If a child inherits something from his mother,

23、 such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will.42. A. surely become musician43. B. mostly become a poet44. C. possibly become a teacher45. D. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music 46. Which of the

24、 following is the best title for the passage?47. A. Role of Inheritance.48. B. An Unborn Child.49. C. Function of instincts.50. D. Inherited Talents.TEXT CThere are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ consi

25、derably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If a

26、nindividual is handicapped不禾U environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will neverattain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identi

27、cal twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster 撫養(yǎng)homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated com

28、munity with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their l

29、ate teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same lev

30、el.51. This selection can best be titled.52. A. Measuring Your Intelligence53. B. Intelligence and Environment54. C. The Case of Peter and Mark55. D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence56. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that.57. A. human brains differ considerably58. B. the

31、 brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence59. C. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence60. D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence 61. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is.62. A. 85 . B. 100 C. 110

32、 D. 12563. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that.64. A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same level65. B. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment66. C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence67. D. change

33、s of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain68. This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q.69. A. can be predicted at birth70. B. stays the same throughout his life71. C. can be increased by education72. D. is determined by his childhoodTEXT DPersonality is , to large exte

34、nt, inherent -A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which

35、 is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer sys

36、tem, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".By far the worst form of competition in

37、 school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations . It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types, and scho