(完整版)高中英語重點語法知識匯總

1、介詞和介詞短語1、介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句中不能單獨作 句子成分。 介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類， 短語或從句作它 的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組， 在句中作狀語， 表語，補語或介詞賓語。 介詞可以分為時間介詞、地點介詞、方式介詞和其他介詞。1) 時間介詞： at, in, after, by, before, during, since, for, until, from2) 地點介詞 ： in, at, on, over, under, below, near, behind, by3) 方式介詞： with, by, like, in,

2、without等2、介詞和其他代詞或名詞搭配形成介詞短語。介詞短語在句中可以作狀語，定 語，表語，補足語等。1) 作表語例如： It was in 2005 in Beijing.2) 作賓語補足語例如： He found his dog outside the station.3) 作后置定語例如： I even store them in boxes under my bed.4) 作狀語 例如： You are supposed to put your bread on your plate.狀語從句1、地點狀語從句地點狀語從句通常由 where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。Where I

3、 live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會想到你。2、方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由 as, (just) as so, as if, as though 引導(dǎo)。1) as, (just) asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在 (just) as so結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時 as 從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如”，“就 像”，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.

4、你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2) as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實 相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛似的”， “好像似的”，例如：They completely

5、ignore these facts as if (as though) they neverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實， 就仿佛它不存在似的 .（與事實相反謂語用虛擬語氣） He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。） 說明：as if / as though 也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或

6、無動 詞短語，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。3、原因狀語從句 比較： because, since, as 和 for1）because 語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答 why提出的問題。當(dāng)原 因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用 as

7、或 since 。I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由 because 引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末， 且前面有逗 號，則可以用 for 來代替 但如果不是說明直接原因， 而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用 for 。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.4、目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由 that, so tha

8、t, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.5、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常由 so that 或 such that 引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個句型，首 先要了解 so 和

9、such與其后的詞 的搭配規(guī)律。比較： so 和 such 其規(guī)律由 so 與 such 的不同詞性決定。 such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞 many, few, much, little 連用， 形成固定搭配。so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flowerso many / few flowerssuch nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many peoplesuch a

10、lot of people（ so many 已成固定搭配， a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的， 只能用 such 搭配。）so that 與 such that 之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即為 so 與 such 之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school6、條件狀語從句連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。 .if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句和非

11、真實條件句兩種。 非真實條件句已在虛 擬語氣中闡述。unless = if not.Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.典型例題You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案：A。 句意：除非你立即走， 否則你就回遲到的。 可轉(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately,you will be late. B、D句意不對， o

12、r 表轉(zhuǎn)折， 句子如為 You leave immediately oryou will be late.7、讓步狀語從句 though, although 注意： 當(dāng)有 though, although 時，后面的從句不能有 but ，但是 though 和 yet 可連用Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫?。He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed,

13、 yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 （諺語）典型例題1）_ she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. When B. However C. AlthoughD. Unless答案： C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。2）as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as / though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、 實義動詞提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small

14、 child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b. 句首是實義動詞， 其他助動詞放在主語后。 如果實義動詞有賓語 和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。3）ever if, even though.即使Well make a trip even thou

15、gh the weather is bad.4）whether or 不管都Whether you believe it or not5）no matter + 疑問詞 或疑問詞 +后綴 everNo matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換： no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = w

16、hicheverno matter how = however注意： no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。（錯） No matter what you say is of no use now.（對） Whatever you say is of no use now.你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。 （Whatever you say 是主語從句 ）（錯） Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,（對） Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。8、比較 whi

17、le, when, as1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前， 只能用 when 引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用 as 或 while 。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示 隨時間推移 連詞能用 as，不用 when 或while 。As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。9

18、、比較 until 和 till 此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是 做某事直至某時 ，動詞必 須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是 直至某時才做某事 。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可 以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時醒了。Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用 before 代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets. ） 否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到

19、 6 點才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才會做。10、表示一就 的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcely when/before, no sooner than 和 as soon as 都可 以表示一就 的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it beg

20、an to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果 hardly, scarcely或 no sooner 置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain過去分詞1、過去分詞一般表示完成和被動的動作只有一種形式。即：動詞原形加 -ed 構(gòu)成。 如：fallen leaves 落葉 boiled water 開水I heard the door cl

21、osed.我聽見門被關(guān)上了。2、過去分詞的否定式過去分詞前加 not 構(gòu)成否定式。如：He escaped, not seen by anyone.他逃走了，沒有人看見。3、過去分詞基本用法1）作定語 過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個詞，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前；過去分詞 短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多 用于書面語中。如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。The concert given by their friends was

22、a success. 他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。2）作表語 過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，被動語態(tài)則表示動作。如： The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。 （ 是被動語態(tài)，表示動作 ）The library is now closed.圖書館關(guān)門了。 （ 過去分詞作表語 ）3）作補語 補語說明賓語或主語所處

23、的狀態(tài)。如： I was glad to see the child well taken care of. 我很高興看到孩子受到了很好的照料。 The old man had his wallet stolen. 注意：如 have 這樣的使役動詞后，也可用不帶 to 的不定式（動詞原形）或 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。如：They had me repeat the massage.He had them working for him day and night.4）作狀語 過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景過情況，表示時間、 條件、原因、伴隨情況一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主

24、語。Asked why he was late, he went red. （時間狀語） 問他為什么遲到了，他漲紅了臉。Given more time, we could have done it better.（條件狀語）如果給我們的時間多一些，我們會做得更好。Inspired by what he said we are determined to study harder.（原因狀語）在他的話的鼓舞下，我們決心更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。5）過去分詞短語作獨立成分有些過去分詞短語如： compared with （to ），given （that ）是固定的用法， 在句子中作狀語。如：Compared

25、 with her mother, she is tall. 與它媽媽相比，她算很高了。Given his support, I think we ll win the election.如果獲得他的支持，我想我們會贏得這次選舉。副詞1、副詞及其基本用法副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)1）副詞的位置： 在動詞之前。 在 be 動詞、助動詞之后。 多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡 We could see very clearly as trange light ahead of us.b. 方式副詞 we

26、ll ， badly 糟、壞， hard 等只放在句尾。 HespeaksEnglishwell.2、副詞的排列順序：1）時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。2）方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用 and 或 but 等連詞連接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多個不同副詞排列：程度 +地點 +方式 +時間副詞。注意：副詞 very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。 改錯： (錯)IverylikeEnglish.(對)I like English very much.注意：副詞 enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞 enough 放在名詞前后都

27、可。 I dont know him well enough.The reise nough food fore very one to eat. Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.3、兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close 與 closelyclose 意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地”He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2) late 與 latelylate 意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”You have come too late.What have you been doin

28、g lately?3) deep與 deeply ,deep 意思是“深”，表示空間深度； deeply 時常表示感情上 的深度，“深深地” He pushed the stickdeepinto the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4) high 與 highlyhigh 表示空間高度； highly 表示程度，相當(dāng)于 muchThe plane was flying high.It hink highly of your opinion.5) wide 與 widelywide 表示空間寬度； widely 意思是“廣泛地”“

29、在許多地方”He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6) free 與 freelyfree 的意思是“免費”； freely 的意思是“無限制地”You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.現(xiàn)在分詞1、現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個基本特點1）在時間上表示動作正在進行。 例如：a developing country. 一個發(fā)展中的國家， boiling water 沸水， rising su

30、n 冉冉升起的太陽。（試比較：a developed country 一個發(fā)達(dá)國家， boiled water 沸水， risen sun升起的太陽）2）在語態(tài)上表示主動。例如： the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級， the exploiting class 剝削階級。（試比較 :the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級， the exploited class 被剝削 階級）2、現(xiàn)在分詞的基本功能1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。也可以說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì) 和特征，此時可換成相應(yīng)的定語從句。 There was a terrible noisefollowing the

31、 sudden burst of light. Hesaw a flying bird and raised his bow. I was satisfied with the exciting speech.2）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，可作時間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。 此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。 The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. Europea

32、n foot ball is played inmore than 80countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. Seeing from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful.3）現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。 Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.The missing boys were last seen playing nea

33、r the river.4）現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。 Withhislipsstilltrembling,hecouldntsayaword.“ Mama”! hecriedsuddenly,tearsrollingdownhischeeks. “媽媽！”他突然哭著喊，淚水從他的臉上流下來。 （這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) tearsrollingdownhischeeks 作狀語。） Weather permitting,wellgo to the Great wall. 如果天氣允許的話，我們就 去長城。（這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Weatherpermitting 作狀

34、語。）3、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式由“ not+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。Not knowing where togo, she went to the police for help. 她不知道該往哪兒走，就去請警察幫助。 （ 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的否定結(jié)構(gòu) ） Nots eeing John, I asked where he was. 我看不見約翰，于是問他在何處。（現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)） Not being seen by any one, the thiefe scaped. 那個賊趁無人看見時逃跑了。（現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)） Not having done it right,

35、 I tried again. 我由于沒有做對，所以又試了試。（現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)）不定冠詞1、不定冠詞 a （an） 與數(shù)詞 one 同源，是一個的意思。 a用于輔音音素前，一般 讀作e ，而an則用于元音 音素前，一般讀做 en 。1）表示“一個”，意為 one；指某人或某物，意為 a certain 。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2）代表一類人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.3）詞組或成語。a little / a few / a lot / a type

36、of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule/ in a hurry / in a minute / in a word/ in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on /all of a sudden2、不定冠詞的位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a. 位于下列形容詞之后： such ， what， many， half ，I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit

37、for the job.b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞 as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c. quite ， rather 與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng) rather ，quite 前仍有形容詞， 不定冠詞放其前后均可。 如：quite a lotd.d. 在 as ，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形詞修飾的名詞時不定 冠詞放形容詞后：Brave a

38、 man though he is ， he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。當(dāng)名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時，不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時。表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動作（有時間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事 件）的一種時間狀態(tài)。1、表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用。e. g.I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.2、表示客觀事實和普遍真理。e.g. The earth moves around the sun.3、表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體動作或存

39、在的狀態(tài)e.g. He lives in Beijing now.4、習(xí)慣性的愛好或行為e.g. I like dancing while she likes singing.5、表示預(yù)先計劃或安排好的行為。e.g. Our class begins at 7:45.6、在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。e.g.If you come, we will wait for you.7、表示格言或警句中。e.g.Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。情態(tài)動詞1、情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情， 只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生

40、。2）情態(tài)動詞 除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不帶 to 的不定式。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加 -s 。4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式2、比較 can 和 be able to1）can could 表示能力；可能 （ 過去時用 could）, 只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式 （could） 。be able to 可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用 be able toa. 位于助動詞后。b. 情態(tài)動詞后。c. 表示過去某時刻動作

41、時。d. 用于句首表示條件。e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用 was/were able to ， 不能用 couldHe was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意： could 不表示時態(tài)1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用 could ）。- Could I have the television on?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。He couldn

42、t be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。be able to 表示在特定情景中努力做成某事。The first spread through the building very quickly, but luckilyeveryone was able to escape. 大火在樓里蔓延，幸好大家都及時撤離了。（在此不能用 could ）They didn t want to come with us at first, but in the end we were able to persuade them.起初他們不想與我們一起來，但是最后我們還是說服了他們。（在此不能用 cou

43、ld ）3、比較 may和 might1）表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測； may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比 may 小。2）成語： may/might as well ，后面接不帶 to 的不定式，意為 不妨。If that is the case, we may as well try. 典型例題：Peter come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. wil

44、l 答案 B. 表可能性只能用 may. 此句意可從后半句推出。4、比較 have to 和 must1）兩詞都是 必須 的意思， have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的 看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。 （ 客觀上需要做這件事 ） He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2）have to 有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化

45、，而 must 只有一種形式。但 must 可用于間 接引語中表示過去的要或義務(wù)。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： dont have to 表示“不必” mustn t 表示“禁止”， You don t have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。You mustn t tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。5、must 表示推測1）must 用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為 一定 。2）must 表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接

46、系動詞 be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office. 比較： He must be staying there.He must stay there.他一定在辦公室工作呢。 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。 他必須呆在那。3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想

47、必是睡著了。4) must 表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測， must 后面要接不定式的完成進行 式。 -Why didnt you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5) 否定推測用 cant 。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet. 如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。6、表示推測的用法 can, could, may, might, must皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1)情態(tài)動詞

48、 +動詞原形。 表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2)情態(tài)動詞 +動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的情況進行推測。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3) 情態(tài)動詞 +動詞完成時。表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by the end of next December. 明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項

49、工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4) 情態(tài)動詞 +動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5) 推測的否定形式，疑問形式用 cant, couldnt 表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。注意： could

50、, might 表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如 can, may 。7、情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去分詞1)may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth ，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的

51、推測，語氣較強，具有 “肯定”，“諒必”的意 思。-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示“不該做某事而做了”。 You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.

52、（事實上已扔了。）ought to 在語氣上比 should 要強。4）neednt have done sth本沒必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.5）would like to have done sth本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy .8、should 和 ought toshould 和 ought to 都為 應(yīng)該 的意思，可用于各種人稱。-Oug

53、ht he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should （應(yīng)該）、 had better 最好）、 must （必須）漸強。9、had better 表示 最好 had better 相當(dāng)于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。 had better do sthhad better not do sth It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示與事實相

54、反的結(jié)果，意為 本來最好 。You had better have come earlier10、would rather 表示“寧愿” would rather do would rather not do would rather than 寧愿而不愿。還有 would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示 寧愿 、 寧可 的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. I would rather stay here than go home. = I

55、would stay here rather than go home.典型例題Shall we go skating or stay at home?Which _ do?A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. shouldyou rather答案 B。本題考查情態(tài)動詞 rather 的用法， would rather +do sth意為寧愿 ， 本題為疑問句， would 提前，所以選 B11、will 和 would 注意：1)would like ； Would like to do = want to想要，為固定

56、搭配。Would you like to go with me?2)Will you? Would you like ? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般 用 some, 而不是 any 。Would you like some cake?3) 否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用 will ，一般不用 would, wont you 是一種委婉語氣。Wont you sit down?12、情態(tài)動詞的回答方式問句肯定回答否定回答Need you ?Yes, I must.No, I neednt/dont have to.Must you ?Yes, I must.No, I neednt/dont have to.典型例題1)-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you.A. might B. willC. can D. should答案 C. could 表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中 of course ，表示肯定的 語氣，允許某人做某事時，用 can和 may來表達(dá)，不能用 could 或 might 。