Treisch12e_Ch01.課件電子教案教學(xué)教程

1、Trieschmann, Hoyt & SommerIntroduction to RiskChapter 12005, Thomson/South-WesternChapter Objectives Explain three ways to categorize risk List the components of an entitys cost of risk Give several examples of risks involving property, liability, life, health, loss of income, and financial loss

2、es Distinguish between chance of loss and degree of risk Give examples of three types of hazards Identify the difference between hazards and perils Explain the evolving concept of integrated risk management Explain the four steps in the risk management processIntroduction Risk regarding the possibil

3、ity of loss can be especially problematic If a loss is certain to occur It may be planned for in advance and treated as a definite, known expense When there is uncertainty about the occurrence of a loss Risk becomes an important problemThe Burden of Risk Some risks involve only the possibility of lo

4、ss Risks surrounding potential losses create significant economic burdens for businesses, government, and individuals Billions of dollars are spent each year to finance potential losses But when losses are not planned for in advance they may cost even more Risk of loss may deprive society of service

5、s judged to be too risky For instance, without malpractice insurance many physicians would refuse to practice medicineThe Burden of Risk Businesses may try to either avoid risk of loss or to reduce its negative consequences An entitys cost of risk is the sum of Expenses of strategies to finance pote

6、ntial losses The cost of unreimbursed losses Outlays to reduce risks Opportunity cost of activities forgone due to risk considerations FIGURE 1-1 Types of RiskPure vs Speculative Risk Pure risk exists when there is uncertainty as to whether loss will occur No possibility of gain is presentedonly the

7、 potential for loss Speculative risk exists when there is uncertainty about an event that can produce either a profit or a loss Both pure and speculative risks may be present in some situations Subjective vs Objective Risk Subjective risk refers to the mental state of an individual who experiences d

8、oubt or worry as to the outcome of a given event It is essentially the psychological uncertainty that arises from an individuals mental attitude or state of mind Objective risk differs from subjective risk in the sense that it is more precisely observable and therefore measurable It is the probable

9、variation of actual from expected experience Sources of Risk Property risks Risk that property may be damaged, destroyed or stolen For example, lightning, tornadoes, hurricanes, explosions, riots, collisions, falling objects, floods, earthquakes, freezing, etc. Liability risks Legal judgments may re

10、sult in payments made to compensate injured parties as well as to punish those responsible for the injuries Even if the individual is absolved of liability the expenses involved in the defense may be substantial All individuals who own or use real property are susceptible to liability losses if othe

11、rs are injured on their premises Sources of Risk Life and health and loss of income risks The possibility of the untimely death of a star salesperson The potential death of a parent with young children Employees who become ill or injured in accidents Financial risk Include credit risk, foreign excha

12、nge risk, commodity risk, and interest rate risk These risks must be identified and assessed in order for the firm to achieve its business goals Measurement of Risk Chance of loss The long term chance of occurrence, or relative frequency of loss Meaningful only when applied to the chance of loss occ

13、urring among a large number of possible of events Expressed as the ratio of the number of losses that are likely to occur compared to the larger number of possible losses in a given group Peril Specific contingency that may cause a loss Hazards Conditions that exist which either increase the chance

14、of a loss for a particular peril or tend to make the loss more severe once the peril has occurred Hazards Physical hazard A condition stemming from the material characteristics of an object An icy street makes the occurrence of collision more likely to occur The icy street is the hazard and the coll

15、ision is the peril Moral hazard Stems from an individuals mental attitude Associated with intentional actions designed either to cause a loss or to increase its severity Also describes the change in attitude that can occur when insurance is available to pay for loss Such as the tendency for individu

16、als to consume more health care if the costs are covered by insurance Morale hazard The mental attitude of a careless or accident-prone person Degree of Risk Amount of objective risk present in a situation Relative variation of actual from expected losses Range of variability around the expected los

17、ses Objective risk = probable variation of actual from expected losses expected losses Degree of Risk If a loss has already occurred the probable variation of actual from expected losses is zero Therefore the degree of risk is zero If it is impossible for loss to occur the probable variation is also

18、 zero In measuring the degree of risk, results are meaningful only in terms of a group large enough to analyze statistically Management of risk Risk management Process used to systematically manage risk exposures Integrated risk management and enterprise risk management Intent to manage all forms of risk, regardless of type Many businesses have special departments charged with overseeing the firms risk management activities The head of such a department often is called