特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

1、特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”的用法"疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)（question word + to-infinitive）4）疑問(wèn)代詞 who, what, which等與疑問(wèn)副詞 when, where, how等后面跟不定式，以及連接副詞 whether 與不定式連用構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)（在作用上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句，名詞成分）。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的直接賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等句子成分。注意凝問(wèn)副詞why后不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式一、疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種功用：1）作主語(yǔ)Where to go is still a question、到哪里

2、去還就是個(gè)問(wèn)題。（作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式 ）When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided、Choos ing what to eat is no Ion ger as easy as it once was、 選擇吃什么,已經(jīng)不像以前那么、 、When to start has not been decided、 何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。What to read is an important question、該讀些什么就是一個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。How to begin is more difficult than where to sto

3、p、如何開始比到哪里停止還困難。2）作賓語(yǔ)（作用相當(dāng)于名詞性從句）A、用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)He asked how to ope n the box、她詢問(wèn)如何打開盒子。She couldn ' t think what to say她想不出說(shuō)什么。He could not tell whom to trust、Our teacher explained how to use the word processor、老師向我們說(shuō)明如何使用文字處理機(jī)。I know where to find the boy、我知道到哪里能找到這個(gè)男孩。（作動(dòng)詞know的賓語(yǔ)）B、作于間接賓語(yǔ)后作直接賓語(yǔ)I 

4、9; ll show you how to do、 我將給您講這怎么做。She kindly advised me what to do、 她好心的勸告我該做什么。My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane、我姐姐教我如何折紙鶴。C、用作介詞賓語(yǔ)I have no idea of how to do it、我不知道如何做此事。Bill said something to her about what to do、 比爾給她講了講應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做。I found a book on how to avoid having a heart att

5、ack、我找到一本書談如何避免心臟病復(fù)發(fā)。We must first solve the problem of whom to serve、為誰(shuí)服務(wù)的問(wèn)題。（作介詞 of 的賓語(yǔ)）3）作表語(yǔ)The question is how to learn English well、問(wèn)題就是怎樣學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。（作表語(yǔ)）The problem is where to find the financial aid 、The question is what to do next、問(wèn)題就是下一步怎么辦。The question is how to carry out the plan、問(wèn)題就是怎樣執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。5

6、）作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的直接賓語(yǔ)I can tell you where to get this book 、He will advise you what to do 、Will you show me how to use the machine?I asked her how to learn English 、我問(wèn)她如何學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 （賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ）5）作狀語(yǔ)She was at a loss what to do、 她不知如何就是好。（做狀語(yǔ)）6）作同位語(yǔ)The question whether to confess troubled the girl 、就是否要坦白的問(wèn)題使姑娘很煩惱。（做同位語(yǔ)

7、 ）I have no idea which one to take、 我不知道拿哪個(gè)好。（同位語(yǔ)）Tom had no idea which book to read first 、二、 “特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用在某些動(dòng)詞后 作賓語(yǔ) ,類似的動(dòng)詞有 :tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, imagine, learn, decide, consider, understand, remember, think 等。 Eg: I 'll show you how to do i、t 我要讓您瞧瞧如

8、何做這件事。You' d better find out where to put it 您最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。注:（作介詞賓語(yǔ) ）某些介詞后面可接 "疑問(wèn)詞不定式 "作賓語(yǔ) ,這類介詞常用的有about, as, from, in,of, on, with 等He has no idea of how to answer this question 、她不知道怎樣回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Della had only $1、87 with which to buy Jim a present 、德拉僅有 $1、87 為來(lái)吉姆買一件禮物。（which 就是關(guān)系代詞 ）Yo

9、u have a number of topics from which to choose 、您有很多題目可以選擇。 （which 就是關(guān)系代詞 ）（作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）某些動(dòng)詞后面可以先有個(gè)賓語(yǔ) ，然后才接適當(dāng)?shù)?疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（即:sb、+疑 問(wèn)詞 + 不定式 ）。這類動(dòng)詞常用的有 advise, ask, show, teach, tell, inform 等,先加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ) ,之后 再加上“疑問(wèn)詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作直接賓語(yǔ)。Eg: The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine 、Have

10、 you told him where to get the application form?He will advise you what to do 、她會(huì)建議您們做什么Will you show me how to use this machine? 您能示范教我如何使用這部機(jī)器不？When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do， you can use should / ought to or should not /ought not to 、 當(dāng)您想要建議某人做什么或者不做什么時(shí)，您

11、可以用 should / ought to 或者 should not / ought not to作雙重賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）:某些動(dòng)詞后面可接"sb、+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式"構(gòu)成的雙重賓語(yǔ)，這類動(dòng)詞常用 的有 advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等。Eg: He will advise you what to do 、她會(huì)建議您們做什么Will you show me how to use this machine? 您能示范教我如何使用這部機(jī)器不？三、 “特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式 ”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)為簡(jiǎn)單句。Eg: I don ' t kno

12、w what I' ll、do n=exItdon ' t know what to do n、extEg: The doctor told him when he should take the medicine 、= The doctor told him when to take the medicine 、因?yàn)?“特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式 ”這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句,所以可用同等成分的從句代替,從而把簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)合句。 改寫時(shí)只需在疑問(wèn)詞后加上適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ),并把不定式改為適當(dāng)?shù)男问降闹^語(yǔ)即可。Eg: Li Ping doesn'owt kwnhy to lear

13、n English 、= Li Ping doesn' t know why he should learn En、glishEg: Which to choose is important 、 = Which we should choose is important 、Eg: The question is where to go 、 = The question is where we should go 、四、 “特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式 ”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立問(wèn)句。What to do? 怎么辦？How to get rid of the trouble? 如何擺脫困境？該結(jié)構(gòu)的注

14、意點(diǎn) :易錯(cuò)一 : 按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的習(xí)慣 ,疑問(wèn)副詞 why 后不直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式。誤 :I don't know why to choose that dictionary 、 (X)正:I don 'know why you must choose that dietionary、但可以接不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式 (即動(dòng)詞原形 ),構(gòu)成 Why do sth 、 ?/Why not do sth? 結(jié)構(gòu)。肯定形式表 示某動(dòng)作就是不必要的或沒(méi)有意義的 ,而否定形式則用于向某人提建議與表達(dá)瞧法,相當(dāng)于祈使句。Eg: Today is Sunday、 Why not go out

15、to relax yourself? 今天就是周日 ,干嘛不出去輕松一下呢？ Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value、 為什么花更多的錢到其她商店去買？我們這里物美價(jià)廉。需要注意的就是 :why not 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式通常只用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在與將來(lái),而不用于談?wù)撨^(guò)去。誤:Why not elea n the room yesterday? (X)正:Why didn 'tyou clean the room yesterday?Why not do sth? = why don't you do sth?易錯(cuò)二 :“疑

16、問(wèn)詞 +不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu) ,通常不用于動(dòng)詞 think 的現(xiàn)在式與過(guò)去式之后 ,但可以用于 think 的其她形式 之后 (如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式 )Eg: I 'm thinking what to do next 、 我在想接下來(lái)要做什么。I 'm thinking how to use this computer 、 我在想如何使用這臺(tái)電腦。有時(shí) ,此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用在有助動(dòng)詞的 think 之后Eg: She couldn 't think what to give the children for Christmas 、 她想不出圣誕節(jié)送孩子們什么禮物。 易錯(cuò)三 :在“ wh

17、ich+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中 ,which 有時(shí)可以就是疑問(wèn)詞 ,那就與我們所說(shuō)的“疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) 一樣。Eg: I can't decide which to choose 、 我不能決定選哪一個(gè)好。Did you ask her which to buy? 您問(wèn)沒(méi)問(wèn)她該買哪一個(gè)？但有時(shí) which 可能就是關(guān)系代詞 ,那么這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句了,此時(shí)主要用于介詞之后作賓語(yǔ)。Eg: She must have time in which to grow calm 、 她必須有冷靜下來(lái)的時(shí)間。=She must have time in which she can gro

18、w calm 、Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes 、 給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)卸裝。=Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes 、易錯(cuò)四 :1) “特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問(wèn)副詞后要接不及物動(dòng)詞 ;若接及物動(dòng)詞 , 要有動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。Eg: I don't know how to talk 、 我不知如何談。I wonder if you could tell me how to do it 、 不知您能否告訴我如何去做這件事。 ( 不能說(shuō) : 、 how to do 、)2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),但有些動(dòng)詞就是不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的,這些不能直接跟不定式的動(dòng)詞它們的后面可以接“疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有:know, suggest,consider, discover, discuss, explain, understand, wonder 、Eg: He knows how to play the piano 、 她會(huì)彈鋼琴。We never discovered how to op