主謂一致講解++練習

1、主謂一致的用法及專項練習題一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意 義一致原則，就近一致原則。1、語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。 Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個好學生。They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2、意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)， 但意義為復數(shù)， 因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式； 或主語形式上為復數(shù) , 但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。My family are h

2、aving lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書 20 美元太貴了。3、就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致常考題型1、單數(shù)名詞 （代詞 ）/ 不可數(shù)名

3、詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式；復數(shù)名詞（ 代詞）作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。The desk is Tom 's.這張桌子是湯姆的。Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學生正在操場上踢足球。2、 “a great/ good many+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。但“many a+名詞”作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。A great

4、many students in our school go to college in their teens.3、more than one+ 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4、表示時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積、價格，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作 主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday.兩個月是一個長假。Twenty pounds isn 't so heavy. 2 0 英鎊

5、并不太重。Ten miles isn 't a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one. 5減 4 等于 1。Five minutes is enough.Four hundred francs is a lot of money.5、 each and each ，every and every ;noand no ;many a and many a 等結構由于強 調(diào)個體行為，因此謂語動詞使用單數(shù)。但是 each 放在并列主語之后作同位語時，謂語動詞不受影響。Each boy and each girl has

6、got a new English-Chinese dictionary.No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .Every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。We each have our own ofice.（作 We的同位語）我們各有各的辦公室。6、one and a half+ 復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half hours is enough.一個半小時足夠了。7、從句、不定式、動名詞或短語作主語時謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。To see is to

7、 believe眼見為實。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。To say something is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式）“How do you do” is not a question bu t a greeting .（How do you do 是句子，作主語）（注意：what引導主語從句時應注意其所指的具體內(nèi)容來確定謂語的單復數(shù)。）What we n eed is more time ,while

8、what they n eed are more doctors and medici nes .8、what從句作主語1）一般來說，按照語法一致的原則，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式；2）what從句中動詞是并列謂語，表示復數(shù)意義，主句中的謂語動詞用復數(shù)；What he said and what he did are not same.3）what從句作主語，有時候主句的謂語動詞與主句的表語一致。如果主句的表語是復數(shù)，主句謂 語動詞用復數(shù)，否則用單數(shù)。What we lack today is steel and con crete.What they have done is con sidere

9、d useful to the people.What the man said un der the oath was disputed by several other wit nesses.What I am in n eed of is mon ey.What he wants to get are some books.9、定語從句中的主謂一致1）一般情況下，關系代詞作從句主語時，從句謂語動詞應和先行詞在數(shù)上保持一致；2）集體名詞作先行詞，被視作一個整體時，關系代詞用which，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)；被視作若干個體的組合時，用who作關系代詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；常見的集體名詞有： fam

10、ily, audienee, class,club,government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, company 等。3）先行詞是“ one of +復數(shù)名詞”時，從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如果先行詞是“ the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+ one of+復數(shù)名詞”時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。4）強調(diào)句型中，形式主語it后總是接單數(shù)is/ was；強調(diào)主語時，從句謂語動詞與被強調(diào)主語部分的 數(shù)保持一致。She is th

11、e only one of the stude nts who was praised.It is not I but Mr. Gree n who is in charge of this compa ny.I, who amyour sin cere frie nd,have n ever doubted the reas on why you were late for myparty.Each one of us who is now living in this city is destined to witness the remarkable Olympic Games.10、當

12、主語由“ all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half+ of+名詞”構成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。當all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half單獨作為主語時，根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)?！癆ll are present and all is going on well.” our teacher said.One fouth of the books have bee n sold out.Three fourths of the apple has gone bad.Three fout

13、ths of the surface of the earth is covered with the sea.Those are mi ne, the rest are yours.All but one were here just now. All that I want to say is this.11、a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A stude nt or two has failed the exam.一兩個學生考試不及格。12、當主語部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，excep

14、t，but， like 等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞 +as well as+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.13、 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物

15、，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+an d+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物； a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞 +and+a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來了。 （作家和教師指同一個人 ）The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老師來了。 （ 作家和老師是兩個人 ）The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month .Bread and butter is my usual

16、 breakfast .14、people,police 等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式， family,class,group,team 等集體名詞 作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。People here are very friendly.這兒的人很友好。His family isn't large.他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。15、either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody

17、, anyone , anything , somebody,someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody做主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)。Neither of the two sentences is correct .Everything around us is matter .Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。（注意： none , neit

18、her, all ,any 作主語時，謂語可用單數(shù)，也可用復數(shù)，具體取決于說話人的意 思。None of them owns/own a car .Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.All are here. And all that can be done has been done.Neither answer is correct. 兩個答案都不正確。16、news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可數(shù)名詞做主

19、語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city17、 以-s結尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等，No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。18、由bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；由 or, either or，neithernor,not onlybu

20、t also ,notbut,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。Either my wife or I am going. 要么我去，要么我妻子去。Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.要么你 , 要么我 , 要么其他任何人知道答案。Not only you but also he is ready to leave.不僅你，而且他也準備離去。如果 either, each, neither 作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。 Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Nei

21、ther of the books is very interesting.19、如果主語是由“ kind/ series/ sort/ type/ pile of + 名詞”構成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與修飾名詞 的 kind,series, sort, type, pile 等的數(shù)保持一致。因此， a series of, a kind of, a portion of+ 等+名詞”構成時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 但是，當主語由“名詞 +of this kind (sort, type等) 構成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。A series of pre-recorded taps has b

22、een prepared for language laboratory use.20、a variety of, a number of +名詞復數(shù)，動詞要用復數(shù)形式 ; . 而 the number of + 復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred21、以 here， there 開關的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致 There is a book and

23、three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.22、“ majority/ portion/ part/ percentage/ the rest/分數(shù)/ 百分數(shù) +of + 名詞”做主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與 of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 如果中心詞是one,后跟由in, out of, of引導的介詞短語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The rest of the magazines were sold out within half an hour. Only 10 percent of the students in the

24、 class are League members.About 40% of Jim 's income goes to the rent.23、the+ 形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式 .The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。24、 表示前后照應關系的詞組，如the above, the below, the former, the latter, the following, the rest等，應根據(jù)其所指對象來決定謂語動詞

25、的單復數(shù)形式。The following are some newly-published popular magazines.25、“ a great deal of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ a little of/ a large amount of/ a largequantity of等+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但是， “quantities of/ amounts of+ 名詞”做主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Large quantities of water have been polluted.A great deal of time

26、is spent trying to match young people to a suitable foster carer. 但是“ Lots of + 不可數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動詞根據(jù) water 來定，因為 lots 不是名詞。 Lots of water has been polluted.26、both, few, a few, several, many, others等做主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。She has two sons, both are clever.Some are sleeping, some are playing, others are studying.27

27、、one, another, little, a little, either, much等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。I have two pens, one is black, the other is blue. Little is done to finish the work.28、such 作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such were his words.29、savings, belongings, taxes, earnings,

28、leavings, wages等作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。His wages have gone up. 他漲工資了。Are these your belongings 這些是你的東西嗎More taxes are to be paid from next month. 下個月就要多繳納稅款了。Those taxes are paid the day before the transfer of ownership.30、表示加減乘除的句式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。What is 12 minus 10What is one plus four It's five.31、不可數(shù)名詞前如果有表示數(shù)

29、量的復數(shù)名詞作定語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：“ millions of tons of/hundreds of boxes of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”。32、由 and 連接兩個或兩個以上的不定式或動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)； Saying and doing are two things. 諺 說是一回事，做又是一回事。 Bringing about peace and consolidating it are two different things. 和平實現(xiàn)與和平鞏固是兩件事。33、表示抽象意義的動詞不定式、分詞、名詞從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 Writing the stories

30、 and poems is what I enjoy most.Getting to other planets or to the moon involves many problems.34、population 作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)意義而定。The population of the earth is increasing fast. One third of the population her are workers.35、由疑問副詞并列構成的主語從句，不管疑問詞有多少，謂語動詞一律用單數(shù)。 When and where to build the new factory has

31、not been decided yet.36、在主謂倒裝句子中，有兩個或兩個以上的主語并列存在時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其最靠近的主語保 持一致。There are three books, a pen on the desk.三、肯定與否定一致： 下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應的變化。We've had some (mon ey). We have n't had any(mon ey).I was talk ing to some one. I was n't talki ng to anyone.They sometimes visit us. T

32、hey rarely (never, seldom)visit us.He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結構中須用倒裝語序。My wife like classic music very m

33、uch and so do I. She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.主謂一致專項練習題一1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now.A. were B. is C. was D. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isn 'tB. is C. are'tD. are3. How many lessons do you usually haver a daySix lessons a

34、day. And each of then 45 minutes.A. last B. lasts C. have D. are4. Neither Liping nor I a basketball player.A. am B. is C. be D. are5. There many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A. is B. aren'tC. isn'tD. are6. The number of the students in our school 1200.A. is B. are C. has D. have7

35、. Maths my favourite subject.A. be B. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping9. Every one except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A. are B. isC. wereD. was10. That place is not interestin

36、g at all, of us wants to go there.A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some11. Nobody but Jane the secret.A. know B. knows C. have know D. is12. What's on the plate some eggs and cakes on it There some eggs and cakes on it.A. is B. are C. was D. were13. This pair of glasses mine.A. are B. be C. is D. wi

37、ll be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted15. Two months quite a long time. Yes, I 'm afraid that hewill miss lots of his lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were16. In the city the old .A. take good care ofB. are taken good care ofC.

38、is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of17. His family all very kind and friendly, His family a happy one.A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are18. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.A. has B. haveC. are D. is19. The children in this class each new school bag.A. have B. has C. ha

39、s got D. are having20. All but one here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won't neither22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet, .A. so has he B. Neither he has

40、C. He has too D. He hasn't either23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ . ”A. I am so B. So am IC. So go ID. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(責備) for the accident (交通事故).A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English

41、 songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am 主謂一致練習題參考答案 (1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).B (6).A (7).B (8). C (9). D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14).D (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24). A (25). D主謂一致練習題二1. The old well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. ar

42、e C. has been D. was2. The secretary and manager very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been5. Either you o

43、r I going to the teachers office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will6. Most of his spare time spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that appeared this year.been B. has C. had been D. have8. Ten thousand dollars quite a large sum.B. is C. were D. have

44、9. About 20 percent of the work done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was10. Mr Smith ， together with his children ， arrived.B. has C. is D. have11. It I who leaving for London.is B. am is C. is am D. am am12. Not only Tom but also his wife fond of watching television.A. are B. were C. be D. is13.

45、When and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest .A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult15. That they were wrong in

46、these matters now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Half of his goods stolen the other day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students a Chinese-English dictionary.A. have B. has C. there is D. th

47、ere are19. They each a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes made in Nanjing.B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except my parents anything about it.A. kn

48、ow B. knows C. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north small.B. is C. have D. has25. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most，B. are C. was D. were26. His “Selected Poems ” first published in 1965.B. w

49、as C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of .A. Mary s mother 's B. Mary s mother C. Mother 's of Mary D. Mary mother s28. A good deal of money spent on books.A. have B. has C. have been D. has been29. On the wall two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging30. turn green

50、 in spring.A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves31. Father went to his doctor for about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices32. All but one here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. werenumber of people invited fifty， but a number of them absent for different reasons.A. w

51、ere ； was B. was ；was C. was ； were D. were ； were34. The air in big cities very dirty by factories.A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made35. Nobody to smoke in the cinema.A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed36. The Chinese people hard-working and brave.A.

52、 are B. is C. has been D. are being37. can be done been done.A. All ； have B. All that ； have C. All ； has D. All that ； has38. John has two brothers， but either out of work now.A. areB. isC. has D. have39. The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for

53、 B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching40. Apples of this kind .A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well41. Your trousers dirty ， you must have washed.A. is ； it B. are； it C. are ； them D. is ； them42. Where rubbish ， there are flies.A. there are B. there is C

54、. isD. there has43. The Olympic Games held every years.； four B. are； four C. is ； five D. are； five44. Many a man come to help us.A. have B. has C. is D. are45. He is the only one of the students who elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is46. Three-fourths of the homework today.A. has finished B. has b

55、een finished C. have finished D. have been finished47. Those who in compositions ， please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasn t handed ； hisB. haven 't handed ； theirC. has handed ； their D. have handed； his48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who by their teacher.A. are praised B.

56、is praised C. praised D. praising49. The whole class the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening50. The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were KEY： 1-5 BABAA 6-10 CDBDB 11-15 CDABA 16-2

57、0 BCBAB 21-25 ABABA26-30 BADBD 31-35 BDCBC 36-40 ADBBC 41-45 CBBBD 46-50 BBAAA主謂一致練習題三一 單項選擇：1. Eating vegetables good for our health.A. is B. areC. wereD. was2. More than one person made the suggestion.A. was B. has C. were D. have3. I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exa