高中英語完形填空解題技巧

1、高中英語專題講解-完形填空解題技巧1、通覽全文，了解大意由于完型填空試題主要測試同學(xué)們在語篇層面上綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力，在解答試題的之前應(yīng)快速閱讀 全文，抓住文章的主題，搞清作者的思路及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。一般說來，通讀的關(guān)鍵是弄清第一句(往 往點(diǎn)明主題，且是沒留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往總結(jié)、概括全文)。另外，在瀏覽時全文的時候， 要重點(diǎn)了解文中所敘述的人物、時間、地點(diǎn)、事件，即who，when，where，what。例如有篇文章的第一句 話為：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece jo

2、ins the next？ 這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問題。根據(jù)常識，就會很快的知道文中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與熱脹冷縮的物理現(xiàn)象有 關(guān)。2、快速反應(yīng)，初做答案找到文章的突破口之后，就要趁著思路清晰時，快速做出反應(yīng)，一鼓作氣將文中所有能填的空填起來， 不因某試題暫時給不了答案的題停留太久。做題以了解文章的大意為前提，如遇個別難題，可以暫時跳過 去或初擬一個答案；如果停滯不前，不但會打斷思路、造成時間上和心理上的緊張，而且往往無濟(jì)于事。在填每個空格時，注意分析選項所在的上下文，弄清上下文間的邏輯關(guān)系，注意空格前后的詞，看是否 能與某一選項構(gòu)成固定搭配。從各個角度考慮，初步做出每個小題的答案。3、再次查讀，攻

3、克難關(guān)初選過后，可能還會留下一些空檔，此時，再重讀文章，從語義和邏輯的角度審視全文，看其是否 通順流暢、條理清晰、符合邏輯。與此同時，將未填的空檔全部補(bǔ)齊。由于選答案時講求一氣呵成，初選 過后還應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文對有疑問或把握不準(zhǔn)的答案進(jìn)行推敲。在具體的操作中應(yīng)注意以下的問題：1）看清上下文，找準(zhǔn)定位詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義 詞。例如：1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _A. deep B. high C. cold D

4、. dangerous2. Mrs. ONeill asked_ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more2）通順邏輯，尋求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根 據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_ so much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of3）扎實基礎(chǔ)，搞清辨異在此類試題的命制上，往往是

5、以同類的詞為主，我們不需要去進(jìn)行具體的辨析，但是我們也要根據(jù)文 章的意思來進(jìn)行推斷。如：Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shoutWhen the papers were _?she discovered that twelve boys had made exactlyA. examined? B. completed? ?C. marked? ? D. answered4）看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞And video cameras

6、 can be used topeoples actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch5）尋求上下邏輯，從容確定關(guān)系It has been many years since I was last in London_ still remember something that happened during that visit.A. and B. for C. but D. as6）了解生活常識，確定相關(guān)知識(Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed t

7、o thehospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest完型填空解題技巧：巧用線索法所謂線索法，指的是根據(jù)文章上下文所提供的故事背景和語境線索進(jìn)行推理和判斷，從而確定最佳答案。 具體說來有以下幾種行之有效的方法。1.巧用語意轉(zhuǎn)折線索解題有些句子含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B詞、副詞或副詞短語，如 but，though， although，instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise 等，我們可利用這些暗示來解決問題。有時也可能沒有這些詞語的出現(xiàn)。如：A formal letter is very diffe

8、rent from an informal letter. Formal letters _1_ to businesses， schools or government offices. _2_ letters are for relatives， or former（以前的） teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand， but you should _3_ a formal letter.1. A. send B. are written C. write D. are dropped2. A. Informal B. Forma

9、l C. Business D. Relative3. A. copy B. type C. write D. share2.巧用因果關(guān)系線索解題即根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷，從而得出所需答案。如：It was a strange noise that made the man _1_ his car soon after he left a village _2_ London. He got out of his car and _3_ the wheels（車輪） carefully， but as he found nothing _4_ he continued his way.1

10、. A. start B. stop C. slow D. speed2. A. to B. for C. from D. of3. A. repaired B. examined C. cleaned D. looked4. A. wrong B. danger C. interesting D. matter3.巧用具體示例線索解題即根據(jù)文章中所提供的具體實例進(jìn)行分析，將與具體示例有關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行優(yōu)選，將與具體示例無關(guān)的 信息進(jìn)行排除，從而便可得出所需答案。如：Every student must wear their _1_ when they are at school. There a

11、re _2_ items of uniforms： suits， dresses， shorts， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags， caps and socks.1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot4.巧用同義反義線索解題Though he is serious in appearance， he never fails to be interest

12、ing. Often he is clever， sometimes even _ and gayA. worried B. bright C. discouraging D. friendlyAs it turned out， my little publication went on to become Student， a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children， and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the sa

13、me way Dad _ me.A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised即根據(jù)文章所提供的內(nèi)容，同時結(jié)合一定的生活常識，對所推斷的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理和邏輯順序。如： I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large， old _1_. It has three branch campuses（分校）： Clunes， Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school， a _2_ school and a se

14、nior school. So there are twelve grades of _3_ studying there.1. A. school B. factory C. movie D. hospital2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time3. A. workers B. boys C. students D. teachers6. 巧用語篇標(biāo)志線索解題語篇一般指比單個句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián) 系的詞語，這些詞語可稱為語篇標(biāo)志。如：表示結(jié)果層次的語篇標(biāo)志語有 firstly， second

15、ly， thirdly， finally 等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有 thus， therefore， so 等；表示改變話題的有 by the way 等；表示時間關(guān)系的有 before， so far， yet， now， later 等。在做完形填空題時，如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語，就可以迅速理清文 章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。如：First of all， I respected his devotion to teaching_， I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk

16、Finally， I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. （全國卷）A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore7. 巧用結(jié)構(gòu)對比線索解題在做完形填空題時，有時會遇到兩個結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似的句子，此時同學(xué)們應(yīng)認(rèn)真比較其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，或根 據(jù)其相似性推斷空格處所填之詞，或根據(jù)文章的上下文語境判斷兩個（或幾個）相似結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 如：I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories， but in th

17、e struggles we overcome（戰(zhàn)勝）。 The strongest people are not always the people who win， _ the people who dont give up when they lose.A. or B. nor C. and D. butThe correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the _ than from the below. （遼寧 卷）A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above8. 巧用語境暗示線索解題

18、有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語境我們無法作出正確的選擇，要想作出正確判斷，同學(xué) 們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語，尤其注意找出其中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語。如：Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the _ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗議） against heavy trucks which run day and nigh

19、t through the narrow High Street. （全國卷）A. college B. village C. town D. churchBut then again， would there be a chair in Room 316？ Or would it be a（n） _ room？A. small B. empty C. new D. neat精講精練一When Sir Winston Churchill, the great British Prime Minister, reached his eightieth birthday in November,

20、1954, he was presented with his portrait by a well-known modem artist, Graham SutherlanDThe painting had been ordered and paid for to 1 the Grand Old Man of World War.Sir Winston and Lady Churchill were deeply moved by this 2 of respect and affection. 3 of them, of course, allowed the others to see

21、how much they both disliked the portrait. “It makes me look 4 , which I am not!” protested Churchill in private(私下). 5 , he only remarked that it was fine example of modern art. His friends smileDIt was known that Churchills didn't 6 modern art.Churchill was so unhappy about the portrait that fi

22、nally his wife had it 7 . Churchill died at ninety in1965Land Churchill 8 him in 1977Shortly after her death, the public learned what had happened to the 9 , and a heated argument broke out. The painter was 10 saDThe artist community, shocked and11 , said that the destruction of the picture had been

23、 a crime (罪行). Historians said that they regretted the disappearance of a(n) 12 document. All agreed that Churchills didn't have the 13 to do what they had done.Graham Sutherland had told Churchill that he would 14 him “as he saw him”. Churchill never had a chance to see the work in 15 since the

24、 painter 16 to show it to him. He found out only 17 he received his present that Sutherland had seen him 18 a heavy, sick, tired old man. Since he hated old age, he was naturally 19 .Who has the right to a work of art, the owner, the donor, or the artist who created it? Was the portrait a good one,

25、as many(including the painter) said? Or was it bad as others thought? None of these questions have been answered yet to everybodys 20 .1 Agive Bregard Cpaint Dhonour2 Amark Bpiece Cprize Dtrade3 ANeither BBoth CEither DAll4 Awise Bgentle Cstupid Dhappy5 AFortunately BObviously CStraight DPublicly6 A

26、care for Blook like C turn down Dmake up7 Ahidden Bhung Cdestroyed Dreturned8 Amourned Bmissed Cfollowed Dburied9 Apainting Bman Cwoman Dartist10 Aunderstandably Bunexpectedly Cunreasonably D unthinkingly11 Aafraid Bregretful Ccurious Dangry12 Ainteresting Bcolorful Cexpensive Dhistorical13 Achance

27、Bright Cpower Dcourage14 Ahelp Bobey Cpaint Dshow15 Aprogress Bplace Cneed Dsight16 Aagreed Bpromised Crefused Dhated17 Auntil Bwhen Cbefore Dthough18 Aas Bto Cabout Dfor19 Amoved Bworried C tired Dhurt20 Asurprise Bdisappointment Cdelight Dsatisfaction精講精練二It was already late when we set out for th

28、e next town, 1 according to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the 2 .There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that 6 the hills. As we climbed7 , it b

29、ecame colder and rain began to fall, 8 it difficult at times to see the roaDI asked John, my companion, to drive more 9 .After we had traveled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stoppeDA quic

30、k 12 showed that we had run out of petrol（汽油）. Although we had little food with us, we decided to 13 the night in the car.Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, 14 John, who was a 15 sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk 16 the hills. Soon he came back.

31、 From the top of the hill he had seen, in the valley below, the 17 of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded（卸）all our luggage （行李）and with a great effort（努力）, 18 to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. 19 l

32、ess than a quarter of an hour we were in the town, where we found a 20 quite easily.1 Awhich Bit Cwhere Dthat2 Arivers Bhills Ctowns Dvillages3 Asurprised Bafraid C pleased Dsure4 Aat Bin C through Dfor5 Aeverybody Bsomebody Cnobody Danybody6 Agot to Barrived Cled to Dbelonged to7 Ataller Bhigher Cl

33、ower Dfaster8 Agetting Bthinking Ccausing D making9 Acertainly B carefully Cslowly Dsurely10 Amarked Bset C built Ddrawn11 Aexcited Bworried Ccold Dwarm12 Aattention Boperation Cexamination Dinformation13 Aspend Blive Cspare Dstay14 Asince Bthough C so Dbut15 Aquick Bfast Cpoor Dheavy16 Aacross Bthr

34、ough Cdown Dup17 Alights Bmap Cbus D situation18 Aought Btried Csucceeded Dmanaged19 AFor BIn CSince D At16 Apoliceman Bfriend Chotel Dcinema精講精練三People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the o

35、pinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 2 , they try to find a solution by trial or error. 3 , when all of these methods 4 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 5 in analyzing a problem.6 the person must recognize that these is a problem. F

36、or example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 7 that there is a problem with the bicycle.Next, the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 8 the parts that are wron

37、g.Now the person must look for 9 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 10 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 11 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at th

38、e bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.After 12 the problem, the person should have 13 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 14 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change old ones.In the end, one 15 seems to be the solution to the

39、problem. Sometimes the 16 idea comes quite 17 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.Finally the solu

40、tion is 20 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.1 Aserious Busual Csimilar Dcommon2 ABesides BInstead C Otherwise DHowever4 Afail Bwork Cchange Ddevelop5 Aways Bconditions Cstages Dorders6 AFirst BUsually CIn general DMost importantly7 Aexplain Bpro

41、ve C show Dsee8 Acheckable Bdetermine Ccorrect Drecover9 Aanswers Bskills C explanation Dinformation10 Apossible Bexact C real Dspecial11 AIn other words BOnce in a while CFirst of all DAt this time12 Adiscussing Bsettling down Ccomparing with Dstudying13 Aextra B enough C several D countless14 Asec

42、ondly Bagain Calso Dalone15 Asuggestion Bconclusion Cdecision Ddiscovery16 Anext Bclear Cfinal Dnew17 Aunexpectedly Blate C clearly Doften18 Afortunately Beasily C clearly Dimmediately19 Aclean Bseparate Cloosen Dremove20 Arecorded Bcompleted Ctested Daccepted精講精練四The Voice of America began during t

43、he World War. When Germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international 1 , American officials believed they should 2 the German broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events. The first VOA news report began with words in 3 . “The 4 may be good or bad, but we shall t

44、ell you the truth.” Within a week, other VOA 5 were broadcasting in Italian, French and English.After the World Warended in 1945, some Americans felt VOAs 6 had to be changed, 7 the Soviet Union became enemy of AmericAThey wanted to 8 Soviet listeners. Then VOA began broadcasting in Russian.In the e

45、arly years VOA began adding something new to its broadcast that was 9 “ Music USA”. Another new idea came along in 1959VOA knew that many listeners did not know 10 English to completely understand its 11 English broadcast. So VOA 12 a simpler kind of English, 13 uses about 1,500 words and is spoken

46、14 of course, it is special English.In the 15 of most VOA listeners, the most 16 program is the news report. News from around the world 17 into the VOA news rooms in Washington 24 hours a day. It comes from VOA reporters in 18 cities and also from other 19 like BBCVOA writers and editors use these m

47、aterials to 20 news reports, which are being broadcast in 43 languages.1 Abusiness Bculture Csupport Dinformation2 Areply Banswer Cjoin Dinterrupt3 Asame Bshort C English DGerman4 Anews Bproblems Ceffects Dopinions5 Astations Bnews C announcers Dofficials6 Ahome Bposition Cpurpose D results7 Aif Bsu

48、pposing Cconsidering Din order that8 Areach Bsatisfy Cattack Dsupport9 Aknown Breported Ccalled Dprinted10 AAmerican BBritish Cstandard Denough11 Anormal Bfast Cgood Dexact12 Ainvented Bdiscovered Ctaught Dstopped13 Ait Bwho C which Dthat14 Aslowly Brapidly C normally Dloudly15 Apleasure Bcourse Cop

49、inion Dadvice16 Adifficult Bimportant Cvarious Dcommon17 Aflies Bsends Cdelivers Dpasts18 Aall Bmajor C American Dnews19 Abroadcasts Bforms Cnewspapers Dcountries20 Abroadcast Bannounce Ctranslate Dprepare【解析】根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but 的提示，所填入的詞應(yīng)與 shallow 相反，因此答案為 A?！窘馕觥縜nd 是一個并列連詞；either 為副詞，用在否定句或否定詞后加強(qiáng)語勢，由此可以確定所

50、填的 詞也應(yīng)是一個否定意義的詞，因此答案是 A?！窘馕觥吭谶@樣的緊急情況下，人們的第一個反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為 D?！窘馕觥勘硎尽白匀?，隨便拿”這個意義的短語是 help oneself to 故答案為 C?！窘馕觥窟x項中的四個詞都表示不同的聲音，但 B，C，D 項的三個詞都是指從嗓子里發(fā)出的聲音，而 sound 則表示各種各樣的聲音。因此答案是 A?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)文章的意思，應(yīng)該是在試卷上交后，老師在閱卷的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題，所以可較容易排除 B 和 D 選項。而 examined 和 marked 兩個詞詞義非常接近。examine 意為“檢查，查看”，mark 是“批分 數(shù)，評成

51、績”，因此，應(yīng)選 C。【解析】句中動作的發(fā)出者是 video cameras 因此答案是 C，意思是“記錄”?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)句前的 many years 和句后的 still remember 答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞 but.解析1. 選 B.該句缺少謂語動詞，而寫信應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。該句意為“正式書信是寫給商業(yè)部門、 學(xué)?！?。D 雖用了被動，但搭配不當(dāng)。drop sb a line 為“給人寫信（短信）”。2. 選 A.前面說的是正式書信，這里說的是寫給親戚、好友或以前的老師的，較隨便，即非正式書信。 3. 選 B.通過 but 可知，此處說的是非正式書信與正式書信的寫作方式的不同，非正式書信可以

52、手寫，但正式書信要正規(guī)得多，得打字。解析1. 選 B.他在去倫敦的路上，一陣奇怪的聲音驅(qū)使他把車停了下來。這可從 He got out of his car推測出來。2. 選 B.leavefor是個固定短語，意為“離開到”。3. 選 B.在聽到奇怪的聲音后，他停下車來仔細(xì)檢查輪胎（看看出現(xiàn)了什么問題）。4. 選 A.從下句“他又繼續(xù)趕路了”可知，“因為他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)毛病”。nothing wrong 意為“沒有毛病”。 解析1. 選 D.本段談?wù)摰氖窃谛Ｉ┬７氖虑?，而不是穿運(yùn)動鞋，蓄長發(fā)、戴墨鏡并不是學(xué)校所提倡的。2. 選 C.suits， dresses， shorts， skirts a

53、nd T-shirts 等是服裝的個例，前面只有填“校服”才與之相 配。解析從 Often he is clever 來看，此處話題談?wù)摰氖恰八闹腔?聰明”，而 even 一詞也暗示此處應(yīng) 填 bright，因 bright 與 clever 為同義詞，均為“聰明”。解析句中的 in the same way 告訴我們，空格處所填動詞應(yīng)與前面的動詞 bring up（培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育） 同義，比較四個選項，答案顯然是 D 項。5.巧用邏輯順序線索解題解析選 B.考生如果注意到了文章上下文中的語篇標(biāo)志詞語 first of all 和 finally，再比較四個選項， 顯然只有選 secondly

54、最恰當(dāng)。解析句中的 the people who win 與 the people who dont give up when they lose 是兩個表達(dá)十分 相似的結(jié)構(gòu)，比較其中的 win 和 lose 可知，前后兩個結(jié)構(gòu)屬對比關(guān)系，估計應(yīng)填 but，再結(jié)合句中的 not， 并聯(lián)想 notbut句式，可以推知，此題最佳答案應(yīng)選 D.解析1. 選 A.從下句話 It has three branch campuses 來看，Wasley 是一所學(xué)校。2. 選 B.從空缺處所在的位置來看，界于 primary 和 senior 之間的學(xué)校當(dāng)然屬于 junior.這就是說是順序 推測出來的。3

55、. 選 C.既然是在此學(xué)習(xí)，他們當(dāng)然是 students 了。解析more fromthan from 是一個明顯用于對比的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)后面的 the below 可知，前面應(yīng)是 the above，即答案選 D.解析選 D.若僅就本句內(nèi)容來看，此題答案不好選擇，但當(dāng)我們讀到文章末尾處的 I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church 時，我們才便可根據(jù)其中的 church 一詞作出判斷。解析選 B.若僅從本句來看，似乎四個選項都不錯，但要想確定其中的最佳答案，考生應(yīng)注意到文章 后半部分的 But to my surprise， the r

56、oom wasnt empty at all！ It had furniture， curtains， a TV， and seven paintings on the walls.這一句。參考答案及解析15 DAACD 610 ACCAA 1115 DDBCA 1620 CBADD1 選 D。人們給他畫像是為了向這位二戰(zhàn)巨人表示敬意。2 選 A。trade 表“交易”，此處用 mark 表示“標(biāo)記”，與 sign 同一含義，如 a mark of esteem"表示敬意”。 3選 A。從句子含義可知選 A。夫婦倆誰也沒有讓別人看出他們的真實心理狀態(tài)一一他們不喜歡這幅畫。 4選 C。四個選項只有 C 才能構(gòu)成讓人不喜歡的原因。5 選 D。這種不滿只是在私下說的，在公開場合還是贊美它。6 選 A。不喜歡現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，上