一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1、結(jié)構(gòu)形成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語(yǔ)+be+v（動(dòng)詞） +ing 現(xiàn)在分詞形式）第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)i+am+動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式 .第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)we+are+動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式 .第二人稱(chēng)單 ( 復(fù)) 數(shù) you+are+ 動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) he（she，it ）+is+ 動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù) they+are+ 動(dòng)詞 ing肯定句 : 主語(yǔ) +be（am/is/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞ing 形式）否定句： 主語(yǔ) +be （is/am/are）+not+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 （動(dòng)詞 ing形式）一般疑問(wèn)句 :be（is/am/are）+主語(yǔ) +現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞ing形式）：特殊疑問(wèn)詞

2、 +相應(yīng) be 動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) +現(xiàn)在分詞 +其他間接引語(yǔ)中改為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。變化規(guī)則1. 一般情況下直接在后面+ ing(例： sleep+ing 變sleeping)2. 以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e 再+ing( 例：bite-e+ing 變 biting)3. 以結(jié)尾的詞，要雙寫(xiě)尾字母再加ing （例：swim+m+ing=swimming ?sit+t+ing=sitting)4. 以 ie 結(jié)尾的，變ie 為 y+ing （例： die-dying lie-lying）5. 結(jié)尾為 c 且 c 讀作 /k/ 時(shí)，在結(jié)尾加k 再加 ing, 如picnic-picnicking現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

3、行時(shí)的基本用法a表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情在進(jìn)行。we are waiting for you.b. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)未必正在進(jìn)行。mr. green is writing another novel.( 說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài).)she is learning piano under mr. smith.c. 已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生的將來(lái)活動(dòng)。im leaving for a trek in nepal next week.（我下周要去尼泊爾旅行)were flying to paris tomorrow.(我們明天乘飛機(jī)去巴黎）句

4、型構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)助動(dòng)詞 be 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（ing 形式）。be 的變化在現(xiàn)在時(shí)中， be 要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)代詞和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不同，而分別使用am/is/are，即： i /he/she/it 包括單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用is,you/we/they 包括復(fù)數(shù)名詞用are. 注意：be 動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在時(shí)里算作“助動(dòng)詞”，翻譯正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，be 不能解釋為“是”，否則不通順。它只是和現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成“進(jìn)行時(shí)”。動(dòng)詞加 ing 的規(guī)則現(xiàn)在分詞是在動(dòng)詞后加上ing 構(gòu)成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則是固定的，大家用心記一下就可以

5、了。(1) 直接在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后加ing. 例如： going, starting, working,looking.(2)去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e，再加 ing. 例如leaving,making,coming,writing.注意：如果單詞結(jié)尾的e發(fā)音，則不能去掉， 也直接加 ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing .(3) 對(duì)于重讀閉音節(jié)詞， 雙寫(xiě)末尾字母再加ing. 例如： sitting, beginning,getting,另外，有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞比較特殊，請(qǐng)用心記?。豪纾簂ie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - p

6、icnicking.這一條，必須要弄清什么是“重讀閉音節(jié)”。 下面再舉一些雙寫(xiě)的例子：run running stop stopping cut cutting control controlling put - putting時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment，right now ,these days等；或者告訴你一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，或者用look, listen提醒聽(tīng)者注意正在發(fā)生的事。they are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。listen! she is singing

7、 an english song.聽(tīng)，她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。look at the picture. the children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖。那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。we are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。its 6:30 now. i am getting up. 現(xiàn)在是 6：30. 我正在起床。句型分析1. 是將 be 移到主語(yǔ)前面，句末加問(wèn)號(hào)，讀升調(diào)。be+主語(yǔ) +doing sth are they putting up the scaffolding yes, they are

8、. / no, they arent. is he showing a foreign guest round the city yes, he is. / no, he isnt.2. 否定句式是在be 動(dòng)詞后加 not.主語(yǔ)+be+not+doing sth i am not working. he isnt runnig or the track. the students arent playing football.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下一些問(wèn)題：now_(look!listen!)be+v-ing1. 也像其它時(shí)態(tài)由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，首

9、先弄清楚用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中哪些可以由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。我們知道，在簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型中，有三個(gè)基本句型(s v o ，s v o o ，s v o c) 可以由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；有兩個(gè)基本句型(s v ，s v p) 不能由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以，當(dāng)這三個(gè)基本句型(s v o ，s v ino do，s v o oc)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)才有可能由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：they are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(s v o)the milu deer are being studied at the

10、 research centre.she is teaching the boy a lesson.(s v ino do)the boy is being taught a lesson.now he is making the girl laugh.(s v o oc)now the girl is being made to laugh.還應(yīng)注意到一些動(dòng)詞很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此這些動(dòng)詞在句子謂語(yǔ)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)也常沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： we are having supper now.一般不能變?yōu)閟upper is being had now.。2. 及物動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

11、時(shí)有三種句式：主語(yǔ) ( 第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)i) am being 過(guò)去分詞其他成分；( 第二人稱(chēng)單、復(fù)數(shù)you，第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)we和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù) they 等) are being 過(guò)去分詞其他成分；主語(yǔ)(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) he ，she，it等) is being 過(guò)去分詞其他成分。所以，當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要由原來(lái)作變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)的名( 代) 詞的數(shù)來(lái)決定，從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如：they are collecting money for the broadband project. money is being collected for the

12、broad-band project. they are not protecting some animals well enough. some animals are not being protected well enough.3. 當(dāng)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)( 名/ 代詞 ) 有較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ) ( 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ) 、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句修飾或有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等，一般都仍然保留在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：they are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children. the laws

13、 are being revised to protect the rights of women and children. they are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school. a report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school. scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre. a sick milu deer

14、is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).4. 如果用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)只把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其他部分保持不變。例如：the parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby. their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).5. 當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是s v in o do句型時(shí)，既可以把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，也可以把直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句

15、的主語(yǔ)，但如果是后者，可根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法，把間接賓語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)為to 或 for 引起的介詞短語(yǔ)。例如：george is sending his friends phone texts and pictures. his friends phone is being sent texts and pictures(by george). texts and pictures are being sent to his friends phone(by george). she is making toma new coat. tom is being made a new coat. a new

16、 coat is being made for tom.6. 用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，原來(lái)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的名/ 代詞 (特別是人稱(chēng)代詞) 在一般情況下可以省略掉，如果有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可用by 表示，常放在句子后面。例如：they are adding new functions to the phones. new functions are being added to the phones(by them). scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present. the life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.7. 當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，其否定式的構(gòu)成主要把not 放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(am ，are 或 is) 后面構(gòu)成，而疑問(wèn)式的構(gòu)成則是把句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(am，are 或 is) 移到句子前 (第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě) ) ， 然后在句子后面加上問(wèn)號(hào)而