新托福口語Task6難點解析及答題技巧.

1、福州朗閣外語培訓中心 專注雅思|新托福|SAT出國語言培訓16年 免費詳詢：87508832新托福口語Task6難點解析及答題技巧朗閣海外考試研究中心 新托?？谡ZTask 6向來是令不善開口的中國學生一籌莫展的攔路虎。獨立任務(wù)可以通過大量練習真題總結(jié)素材和語料，達到有話可說的目的。綜合任務(wù)中的校園場景，使用的是學生相對熟悉的對話形式，可以通過一定技巧來提高回答水平。綜合任務(wù)學術(shù)課程中的Task 4, 提供了一段閱讀文本，起碼可以給聽力欠佳的同學一個提示，知道lecture的部分要講述的是什么概念。而Task 6呢？真的是無法可想，毫無技巧可言嗎？ 朗閣海外考試研究

2、中心的專家通過對多年教學經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)以及歷年考場實際演練的體會，發(fā)現(xiàn)Task 6難則難矣，卻并非一座不可攻破的堡壘。下文將就其難點及答題技巧一一做出解析。 難點一：話題陌生 Task 6的話題與Task 4有近似之處，以心理學、社會學、生物學及經(jīng)濟學內(nèi)容為主，但是也會出現(xiàn)藝術(shù)學、歷史學等話題。 參加托?？荚嚨膶W生，以高中生和大學生為主力。對于這些類別的學科，有些比較熟悉，例如經(jīng)濟學中“錢”的概念(TPO 2 what is money?)，但同樣是經(jīng)濟學中的內(nèi)容，廣告商所采取的說服顧客購買的策略(TPO 3 in order to sell more product

3、s, advertisers will try to make us believe that a product will meet our needs or desires perfectly, even if it is not true.)這一話題，則顯得相對陌生。而實際上，Task 6中常常會出現(xiàn)廣告營銷策略、市場定位等相關(guān)的話題，如果學生對此有一定了解，必然會幫助學生對聽力內(nèi)容的理解，其他學科的內(nèi)容也是如此。 因而針對這一難點，解決的方法很簡單，拓寬知識面。這聽來很泛泛的話，實施起來可以分為這樣幾個步驟： 第一，TPO 1-34中所有Task 6均要徹底熟悉和練

4、習。 第二，關(guān)注每場考試的考題回顧以及近段時間的考試機經(jīng)，將其中Task 6所考到的內(nèi)容進行梳理。 第三，查閱相關(guān)概念，擴充內(nèi)容，組織語言，進行60秒鐘的計時敘述練習。 以機經(jīng)這一條為例：【090118CN】farmer選擇desirable feature的品種種植作物。舉了例子說，wheat,原來很多成熟的時候都倒在地上，farmer選擇那些不倒的繼續(xù)種。peach原來的果實很小，farmer選擇果實大的繼續(xù)種。問題：舉例說明什么是選擇性種植。 【補充查閱】：Selective breeding (also called artificial sel

5、ection) is the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is normally done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties, cultige

6、ns, or cultivars. The offspring of two purebreed animals but of different breeds is called a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids. A cultivar is a plant or grouping of plants selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by propagation. A cultigen (from the L

7、atin cultus - cultivated, and gens - kind) is a plant that has been deliberately altered or selected by humans; it is the result of artificial selection. Modern wheat varieties have short stems. Short stems are important because the application of high levels of chemical fertilizers would other

8、wise cause the stems to grow too high, resulting in lodging (collapse of the stems). Stem heights are also even, which is important for modern harvesting techniques. 【參考回答】：In this lecture, the professor tries to use two example explain the notion of selective breeding. This term refers to the

9、process by which humans breed plants for particular traits that are called as desirable features. One example of this is wheat. In the past, when wheat reached its maturity and was ready to be harvested, some stains would collapse on the ground, resulting in lodging. People deliberately chose t

10、hose with short stems and not collapsing as for next breeding to reduce the lodging rate. The other example is peach. When it comes to choose which bunch of peaches could be used in next breeding process, people select those big ones over small ones and hope to get better yield. 這樣的答案必然跟考場

11、上所聽到的內(nèi)容有所出入，但是大致卻是一致的。并且，通過這個過程練習熟練的口語表達，才是練好托?？谡Z的首要任務(wù)，至于聽力的部分聽懂與否，則是聽力專項練習時應該著力之處。 難點二：抓不住重點 Task 6的聽力持續(xù)時間為90-120秒，總長為250-300詞。也就是說，一秒鐘要聽到2-3個詞。有時，還會出現(xiàn)口音不適應或是使用俚語不熟悉，愈發(fā)使得聽懂Task 6像是不可能完成的任務(wù)。然而，與任何考試一樣，了解測試意圖，攻克此類學術(shù)課程話題也是有跡可循的。 首先，Task 6文章結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)置，永遠是典型的總分結(jié)構(gòu)。 單元型總分結(jié)構(gòu)：即General topic&#

12、160; sub topic (detailed description)。例如TPO 1的Task 6, 講嬰兒的計算能力：Scientists have learned some interesting things about the intellectual abilities of babies. They say there is evidence that babies as young as five month old can do basic arithmetic: that they can add.（首段頭兩句，非常清楚的表述了General top

13、ic是嬰兒有計算能力）the evidence is indirect becauseso they devised an experiment where（緊接著引出了sub topic, 做實驗，后面就詳述了這個實驗是什么，以及這個實驗如何說明嬰兒有計算能力） 這類文章的分述細節(jié)通常是一個步驟詳細的實驗。 雙元總分結(jié)構(gòu)：即General topic  sub topic 1 (definition1+example1)  sub topic 2 (definition2+example2)。例如TPO 3的Task 6,

14、 講說服消費者購買某產(chǎn)品的策略：In advertising, various strategies are used to persuade people to buy productsThe strategies they use can be subtle, friendly forms of persuasion that are sometimes hard to recognize.（general topic, 看似友好地說服消費者購買的廣告方式） In a lot of ads, repetition is a key strategy.（sub

15、topic 1, 重復）Research shows that repeated exposure to a message even something meaningless or untrue is enough to make people accept it or see it in a positive light.（對“重復”下定義）Youve all seen the car commercials on TVthis guy is driving around a he keeps stopping to pick up different peopleand ea

16、ch time, the narrator says plenty of room for friends, plenty of room for family, plenty of room for everybody. The same message is repeated several times in the course of the commercial. Now the caris not a very big car at all. But you get the sense that it is pretty spacious. what usually happens

17、is that when the statement plenty of room is repeated often enough, people are actually convinced that it is true.（這個冗長的例子無非就是說，汽車廣告反復宣稱空間大，而實際上空間則并不大，反復的次數(shù)多了，受眾就覺得確實空間很大） Another strategy they use is to get a celebrity to advertise a product, it turns out that we are more likely to accept an a

18、dvertising claim made by somebody famous.（sub topic 2,明星代言）接著的兩句話都是重復這么做的好處。You might have a car commercial that features a well know race car driver. Now it may not be a very fast car, it could even be an in expensive vehicle with a low performance rating. But if a popular race car driver is shown

19、driving it and saying I like my cars fast. Then people will believe the car is impressive for its speed.（還是汽車廣告，請賽車手給經(jīng)濟車型做廣告，大家會相信這車真的很快） 雙元立體總分結(jié)構(gòu)：即General topic  sub topic 1 (suptopic1A: definition1A+example1A / suptopic1B: definition1B+example1B)  sub topic 2 (definition2+

20、example2)。例如TPO 2的Task 6, 講錢的概念：So lets talk about money. What is money? Well, typically, people think of coins and paper bills as money. But that is using a somewhat narrow definition of the term. A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with. Si

21、nce many things can be used to make purchases, money can have many different forms.（開篇明義，說明硬幣和紙鈔是錢的一種，但并不完全如此。可以用于購買的東西都可以稱作錢，因此錢的形式有很多種。） Certainly, coins and bills are one form of money.（sub topic 1A, 硬幣和紙鈔是錢）People exchange goods and services for coins or paper bills and they use this m

22、oney these bills to obtain other goods and services.（definition1A, 對于硬幣和紙鈔作為錢的定義）For example, you might give a taxi driver five dollars to purchase a ride in his taxi. And he in turn gives the five dollars to a famer to buy some vegetables.（example 1A, 坐出租車付錢，出租車司機買蔬菜付錢） But as I said

23、, coins and bills are not the only form of money under this broad definition. Some societies make use of a barter system.（sub topic 1B, 有些社會采用以物易物的機制）Basically, in a barter system, people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services.（definition 1B, 解釋什么是以物易物）The taxi d

24、river, for example, might give a ride to a farmer in exchange for some vegetables. Since the vegetables are used to pay for a service, by a broad definition the vegetables are used in a barter a as a form of money.（example 1B, 農(nóng)民用蔬菜換取出租車服務(wù)） Now as I mentioned there is also a second, a narr

25、ower definition of money, in the United States, only coins and bills are legal tender, meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment.（sub topic2, 狹義而言，硬幣和紙鈔是合法的付款方式）The taxi driver must accept coins and bills as payment for a taxi ride, okay? But in the US, the taxi driver is not re

26、quired to accept vegetables in exchange for a ride.（舉例說明在美國，貨幣才是合法的付款方式，而不是蔬菜）So a narrower definition of money might be whatever legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment. 這也是所有類型中信息量最大，最為復雜的結(jié)構(gòu)。 把一段90-120秒的話，縮短到60秒中去，再怎么不善言辭的人也總能找出東西來說。而在解構(gòu)聽力時，不妨就按照上述總分結(jié)構(gòu)來進行。Genera

27、l Topic通常在開頭部分就交代完畢。常見提示有：1）設(shè)問句。如what is ? is2）轉(zhuǎn)折詞。But, however3）句型。What we want to be focus on today is Lets talk Sub topic 1Lecture的第二段開頭，通常只有一句話的長度。緊跟著的就是對這個sub topic進行的定義 Sub topic 2Lecture的第三段開頭，通常只有一句話的長度。緊跟著的就是對這個sub topic進行的定義 以TPO 2為例，記筆記時，便可以記下這樣的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：General Topic: wha

28、t is moneyKey words: sometimes untrue; subtle; friendly persuasion Sub topic 1: repetitionsDefinition: repeated message; meaningless or untrue; make people acceptExample: roomy car; plenty of room; actually small; people think roomy Sub topic 2: celebrityDefinition

29、: famous people; believeExample: race car driver; not fast car; impressive speed  難點三：語言組織 首先是聽力內(nèi)容已經(jīng)大致掌握的情況下，語言的組織應遵從以下幾個要求。 第一，語言的使用沒有明顯的語法錯誤。在對Task 6進行轉(zhuǎn)述時，使用一般現(xiàn)在時即可，不需要特地轉(zhuǎn)換成過去時，避免敘述過程中，尤其是對例子的闡述過程中出現(xiàn)的時態(tài)錯亂的情況。 第二，結(jié)構(gòu)的安排應當有邏輯性。轉(zhuǎn)述時按照總分的結(jié)構(gòu)來進行，每個分論點也是以總分的形式展開。 第三，

30、Lecture中的要點全部要涉及，如能按照原話復述，可盡量加入原詞原句。 按照這樣的要求，我們來看一看前文中所說到的TPO 2該如何進行總結(jié)。如前所述，對于這樣一篇總分總結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，其本質(zhì)其實還是總分。如果按照原文架構(gòu)來講，先說coins和paper bills是money的一種，但廣義上的理解是什么。然后再分別講，硬幣和紙鈔作為錢；以物易物機制下的錢；后面又回頭講coins和paper bills的法律意義，顯得有點雜亂。因此，可以在語言上適當梳理，將本文變?yōu)椋瑥V義而言的貨幣，狹義而言的貨幣。 【TPO 2范例答案】：In this lecture, the profes

31、sor talks about the notion of money. As he first explains, under a broad definition, coins and paper bills are not the only form of money because money is anything that people can use to make purchases with. For example, we pay coins and paper bills for a taxi ride. The taxi driver pa

32、ys vegetables using that coins and bills. But in barter system, which refers to a system where people trades goods and services for other goods and services, the same taxi driver could use the taxi service as a payment for the vegetables he wants from the farmer. And under this circumstance, vegetab

33、les are money. Then the professor goes on to demonstrate a narrower definition of money. That is coins and paper bills are the only acceptable payment by law. For example, the taxi driver in previous scenario could only accept coins and bills as the legal payment, not the vegetab

34、les offered by the farmer. 其中，劃橫線的部分是聽力當中真實出現(xiàn)的詞句。 其次，在遇到聽力中的信息無法理解的情況時，如何巧用語言將時間填滿。 第一，出現(xiàn)不熟悉概念時，先用A和B代替，鎮(zhèn)定地聽完之后，再與題目對照，看看是否有相對應的詞。 第二，將聽到的要點盡可能詳盡地復述出來。 第三，使用一些填充性語言。 以TPO 14為例，同時回顧一下前面所說到的所有技巧。【聽力原文】：A lot of plant and animals live near the surface of the ocean, and tha

35、t means there is a lot of food near the surface, because there are a lot of plants and animals to eat. But if you go down to the deepest parts of the ocean, its dark and cold. And there is not a lot living down there. So, food is very scarce. So organisms that live down at these great dept

36、hs have developed special adaptations to help them survive in this environment where food is so hard to find. (General topic) For example, many deep sea organisms have body features that enable them to eat prey that are larger than themselves. (Sub topic 1) A good example, u

37、m there is a species of eel that has an enormous mouth and a large stomach thats capable of expanding. And these unusual features allow this eel to eat prey larger than itself. Thats a big advantage because eel eats something big. Thats a lot of food, a lot of nutrition. So the eel can go for quite

38、a while before it has to find food again. Another helpful adaptation in some deep sea organisms is the ability to generate light. And some organisms use that light to help them capture food.(Sub topic 2) For example, there is a kind of fish, called the angler fish. And on its head, this fi

39、sh has a little structure that produces light that glows in the dark. This little structure, this little light is positioned close to the fishs mouth. Other fish are attracted to this light, they think its something small they can eat. So they swim straight toward it and that brings them close enough for the angler fish to capture them and eat them. 在第一遍聽的時候，第一個例子中所說的eel（鰻魚）這種動物，以及第二個例子中所說的angler fish（琵琶魚）可能完全不明白，但這不影響我們按照前述的方法尋找結(jié)構(gòu)抓關(guān)鍵詞。General topic: deep ocean, food, adaptationSub topic 1