建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)期末復(fù)習(xí)

1、整理ppt1 Today the refrigeration industry is a vast and essential part of any technological society, with yearly sales of equipment amounting to billions of dollars in the United States alone. 當(dāng)今制冷工業(yè)是任何技術(shù)社會(huì)的龐大而重要的一部分，僅在美國(guó)制冷設(shè)備的年銷售額就達(dá)到數(shù)十億美元。16整理ppt2 It is convenient to classify the applications of refri

2、geration into the following categories: domestic, commercial, industrial, and air conditioning. 制冷的用途可以簡(jiǎn)便的分為以下幾類：民用、商用、工業(yè)用和空氣調(diào)節(jié)。17整理ppt3 Industrial air conditioning is used to create the air temperatures, humidity, and cleanliness required for manufacturing processes. Computers require a controlled

3、environment. 工業(yè)空調(diào)用來(lái)為生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造所需要的溫度，濕度和潔凈度。計(jì)算機(jī)也是需要一個(gè)可控制的環(huán)境。18整理ppt4 A compressor and condenser are required to maintain the evaporation process and to recover the refrigerant for reuse. 為了維持蒸發(fā)過(guò)程和使制冷機(jī)重復(fù)再使用，需要設(shè)置壓縮機(jī)和冷凝器。19整理ppt5 Refrigeration, regardless of the means by which it is obtained, may be defined

4、as a process of the removal of heat from a substance or from a space. 制冷，不管用什么方式，可以定義為熱量以物質(zhì)或者空間轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程。20整理ppt6 The advantages of ammonia over other refrigerants are its low cost, higher cops (and thus lower energy cost), more favorable thermodynamic and transport properties and thus higher heat trans

5、fer coefficients (require smaller and lower-cost heat exchangers), greater detectability in the event of a leak, and no effect on the ozone layer. 氨比其他制冷劑好的地方在于它的成本低、性氨比其他制冷劑好的地方在于它的成本低、性能系數(shù)高、熱力學(xué)和傳輸特性較好，熱傳導(dǎo)系能系數(shù)高、熱力學(xué)和傳輸特性較好，熱傳導(dǎo)系數(shù)較高，如果出現(xiàn)泄漏比較容易檢測(cè)出來(lái)，并數(shù)較高，如果出現(xiàn)泄漏比較容易檢測(cè)出來(lái)，并且對(duì)臭氧層沒有影響。且對(duì)臭氧層沒有影響。21整理ppt7 Refr

6、igerants are the working fluids in refrigeration, air- conditioning, and heat pumping systems. They absorb heat from one area, such as an air-conditioned space, and reject it into another, such as outdoors, usually through evaporation and condensation, respectively. 制冷劑是用于制冷、空調(diào)和熱泵系統(tǒng)。它們從一個(gè)區(qū)域吸收熱量，比如說(shuō)一

7、個(gè)空調(diào)房間，并且把它排到另一個(gè)區(qū)域，例如室外，通常通過(guò)蒸發(fā)器和冷凝器。22整理ppt8 Variable air volume systems, in addition to helping to solve energy problems, can save 20% to 30% in building energy costs over conventional constant air volume system. 除了有助于解決能量問題外，在建筑能量的成本方面，變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)能夠節(jié)能20%-30%。23整理ppt9 Furthermore, VAV system can provide b

8、eautiful comfort: when designed, maintained and operated properly. 此外，變風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)能夠提供極好的舒適感：當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)維護(hù)和操作得當(dāng)。24整理ppt10 Cooling of non-residential buildings equipped with All-Air Systems significantly contributes to the electrical energy consumption and to the peak power demand. 裝備全風(fēng)量系統(tǒng)的無(wú)人居住的供冷，極大地增加了電能的消耗和增加了巔峰

9、電量的需求。25整理ppt11 HVAC systems are designed to maintain indoor air quality and provide thermal space conditioning. Traditionally, HVAC systems are designed as All-Air Systems, which means that air is used to perform both tasks. Hvac系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是維持室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)和提供熱力空氣調(diào)節(jié)。傳統(tǒng)上來(lái)說(shuō)，hvac系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)為全空氣系統(tǒng)，這意味著空氣用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)功能。26整理ppt

10、12 One solution to the provision of ventilation is a mechanical system, either just using fans at inlets and/or extraction points to force a flow through the space, or fans coupled to an air handling unit which also controls the temperature and humidity of the incoming air (air conditioning).一種通風(fēng)的解決

11、方案是使用機(jī)械系統(tǒng)，要么就在入口和抽起點(diǎn)處使用風(fēng)機(jī)，強(qiáng)制產(chǎn)生氣流流過(guò)空間，要么利用風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)合空調(diào)裝置，這種空調(diào)裝置也能控制外部進(jìn)入的空氣溫度和濕度。 27整理ppt13 However they are not so easy to control as an air-conditioning system, and so we are working to understand more about natural ventilation flows, to help in the design of more comfort buildings. 然而對(duì)他們的控制并不如空調(diào)系統(tǒng)那么容易，因此

12、我們正在研究以了解更多的關(guān)于自然通風(fēng)的流動(dòng)過(guò)程，以幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出更加舒適的建筑。28整理ppt14 This chapter describes induction units and fan-coil units used in in-room terminal unit systems. In-room terminal unit systems are applied primarily to exterior spaces of buildings with high sensible loads and where close control of humidity is not r

13、equired. 29整理ppt15 Without control, such natural infiltration is haphazard, and the process can only legitimately be termed “ventilation” if the arrangements are designed to maintain the desired state of the indoor air under a variety of outdoor conditions. 不加控制，自然滲透是不規(guī)則的，只有在這個(gè)時(shí)候，這個(gè)過(guò)程可以正確的稱為通風(fēng)，當(dāng)布置是經(jīng)

14、過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)保持要求的室內(nèi)空氣狀態(tài)，當(dāng)室外空氣狀況不斷變化時(shí)。30整理ppt16 The great economic importance of natural ventilation is that it can bring about these air changes without expenditure of mechanical energy. 自然通風(fēng)的最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的重要意義，就在于它不必消耗機(jī)械能就可以產(chǎn)生大量的換氣。31整理ppt17 Continuous thermal pleasure extending over a period of hours is not poss

15、ible. We are left simply with the idea of comfort as a lack of discomfort: this may seem an uninspiring definition, but nevertheless it presents a real practical challenge. 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的連續(xù)不斷地?zé)崾孢m性是不可能的。我們只能將舒適性這一概念理解為無(wú)不適應(yīng)之感而已，這似乎是一個(gè)令人沮喪的定義，但是，他畢竟代表了一種現(xiàn)實(shí)的要求。32整理ppt18 Any guide to comfort must relate these forms of discomfort to the physical variables of the environment, so that a permissible range of the variables may be recommended. 33整理ppt19 In non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates the PMV seem to overestimate the thermal sensation 在無(wú)空調(diào)熱氣候建筑內(nèi)，pmv似乎高估了熱敏感性34整理ppt20 People who du