基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法(十一)句子的類型Ⅰ簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句

1、 世紀(jì)金榜 圓您夢(mèng)想 （十一）句子的類型 簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)陳述句、感嘆句、疑問(wèn)句和祈使句上，對(duì)并列句的考查主要是在并列句的構(gòu)成、并列連詞和從屬連詞上。預(yù)計(jì)2015年對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句的考查仍以感嘆句、反意疑問(wèn)句為主，對(duì)并列句的考查以并列連詞和從屬連詞為主。02 定義 概念清晰化簡(jiǎn)單句是只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子。根據(jù)句子的功能可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句用來(lái)陳述一件事或表達(dá)一種看法，有肯定和否定兩種形式，句末通常用句號(hào)。疑問(wèn)句是用以提問(wèn)的句子，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。疑問(wèn)句又分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和

2、反意疑問(wèn)句。祈使句是用以表示命令、請(qǐng)求或建議的句子，通常省略主語(yǔ)。感嘆句是用以表達(dá)快樂(lè)、痛苦等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子，感嘆句有用what或how開(kāi)頭的兩種形式。并列句是指由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列分句構(gòu)成的句子。并列句的分句間沒(méi)有修飾和被修飾的關(guān)系，也沒(méi)有限定或被限定的關(guān)系，其間的關(guān)聯(lián)是靠并列連詞實(shí)現(xiàn)的。03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化簡(jiǎn)單句分類圖解構(gòu)成類型例句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(含并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))構(gòu)成1.S+ViAn accident happened yesterday.2.S+V+PYour idea sounds good.3.S+Vt+OWe want to see him.4.S+Vt+O

3、+OMy father made me a kite.5.S+Vt+O+CHe made us stand here.陳述句。疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句分類圖解分類用途例句陳述句肯定肯定的陳述，表示“是如此”They usually go to school by bike.I get up at six oclock in the morning.否定否定的陳述，表示“不是如此”They wont go to the park tomorrow.I cant speak Chinese.疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)一件事或情況是否屬實(shí)Is this your schoolbag?Have you bee

4、n to Shanghai?特殊疑問(wèn)句針對(duì)句子某一具體成分提問(wèn)What does your father do?Where is Mike from?選擇疑問(wèn)句提供兩種或兩種以上的情況供對(duì)方選擇Is your friend a boy or a girl?He is a boy.反意疑問(wèn)句由陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句組成，問(wèn)話者欲對(duì)陳述句部分的內(nèi)容做進(jìn)一步證實(shí)There is a book on the desk, isnt there?Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.祈使句表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、勸告等Come in, please.Lets go to school.感嘆

5、句表示驚訝、喜悅、憤怒等感情，常用what或how引導(dǎo)What beautiful flowers!How clever the girl is!特例清單1.否定的一般疑問(wèn)句通常以be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞與not的縮略形式開(kāi)頭，往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語(yǔ)氣。作簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí)也要用yes或no，但其漢語(yǔ)翻譯與其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that?你沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)嗎？Yes,I do.不，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。No,I dont.是的，我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。2.特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句(1)當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意義的詞如hardly, few, little, no, nobody, no one, no

6、thing等時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分須用肯定形式。但若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴如im-，un-，in-，dis-等的派生詞，仍作為肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問(wèn)部分用否定式。(2)I am反意疑問(wèn)句的附加疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)為arent I。(3)如果陳述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分須用will you。(4)當(dāng)陳述部分是lets do sth.時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分須用shall we來(lái)反問(wèn)；而當(dāng)陳述部分是let sb.do sth.時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分仍然用will you來(lái)反問(wèn)。(5)當(dāng)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞nobody，somebody,no one等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分須用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they，也可以用he；當(dāng)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞not

7、hing，something時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分須用代詞it。(6)若陳述部分為there be句型，附加疑問(wèn)部分仍用there。(7)陳述部分含有must，表示“必須”時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分用mustnt。若陳述部分含must，表示推測(cè)意義“必定”時(shí)，則附加疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)根據(jù)陳述部分不定式結(jié)構(gòu)用相應(yīng)的系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。(8)主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句附加疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞與人稱應(yīng)與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和人稱保持一致。若賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為“I think/suppose/believe”等表示說(shuō)話人的看法，反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。(9)陳述部分含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分有兩種形式：oughtnt+

8、主語(yǔ)人稱代詞或shouldnt+主語(yǔ)人稱代詞。3.不能出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里的連詞(1)because (因?yàn)?,so(所以)不能出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里，只能用其一。(2)(al)though(雖然),but(但是)不能出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里，只能用其一。但though可以與still或yet連用。如：Though he was tired, he still worked hard.雖然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。【題組訓(xùn)練】陳述句與疑問(wèn)句( )1.(2014·南寧)She doesnt like pop music, _?A.does she B.is sheC.doesnt she D.isnt

9、she( )2.(2014·蘭州)Did you use to have long hair or short hair，Sally?_.A.Yes l did B.No，I didntC.Long hair D.Curly hair( )3.(2014·北京)_people are there in your family?Three.A.How often B.How longC.How many D.How much( )4.(2014·濟(jì)寧)_ are you always staying up so late these days?To prepare

10、for my final exam.A.How B.Why C.When D.Where( )5.(2014·湖州)Excuse me，Sir. _ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?Well，only about five minutes walk.A.How often B.How longC.How far D.How soon祈使句( )6.(2014·廣州)Sorry Im late._ tell me the bus broke down again!A.Never to B.NotC.Dont D.No(

11、 )7.(2014·重慶) _wake up your sister，Ben. She needs a good sleep.A.Dont B.DoesntC.Arent D.Cant( )8.(2014·黃石)Im leaving for Xisai Mountain this afternoon. _you have packed everything.A.To be sure B.Been sureC.Being sure D.Be sure( )9.(2014·黃岡)What are the rules at your school?Dont run in

12、 the hallways and _arrive late for class.A.not to B.wontC.dont D.no( )10.(2014·梅州)_play with fire. _with fire is dangerous.A.Dont;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Dont;Play D.Not to;To play感嘆句( )11.(2014·漳州) _beautiful blouse she is wearing!But it doesnt look good against her skin.A.What B.What a C.

13、How( )12.(2014·咸寧) _sweet music!And I really like the Voice of China TV programs.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a( )13.(2014·鎮(zhèn)江)Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude(百年孤獨(dú))has been printed again?It is expected to be._ unusual novel it is!A.What B.What aC.How D.What an( )14.(2014&#

14、183;南京) _brave Zhang Hua is!Yes. He helped his neighbour，Mrs Sun，out of the fire.A.What a B.HowC.How a D.What( )15.(2014·濱州)_ interesting the film is!Yes.I have seen it twice.A.What B.HowC.What an D.How an并列句分類圖解構(gòu)成意義常用連詞簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句表示引申和并列and,not onlybut also,as well as,neithernor表示選擇or,eithero

15、r表示轉(zhuǎn)折but,while,only表示緣由for,so特例清單and和or用于否定句中：(1)當(dāng)列舉成分是主語(yǔ)，又在否定詞前時(shí)，用and連接，而當(dāng)列舉成分在否定詞之后時(shí)，用or構(gòu)成完全否定。如：I cant sing or dance.我既不會(huì)唱歌，也不會(huì)跳舞。Lucy and Lily cant speak Chinese.露西和莉莉不會(huì)說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。(2)在否定句中，如果所連接的兩部分都有否定詞，那么用and不用or連接。如：There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上既沒(méi)有水，也沒(méi)有空氣?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )16.(2014·麗水)Goo

16、d friends are like stars. You dont always see them，_ you know they are there.A.as B.but C.for D.then( )17.(2014·成都)Confucius once said，“Everything has beauty，_ not everyone sees it.”A.but B.or C.and( )18.(2014·安徽)Spend more time talking with your parents，_ they may not well understand you.

17、A.or B.so C.and D.but( )19.(2014·蘇州)Read this article，_ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.A.or B.and C.but D.so( )20.(2013·蘭州)The thing that matters is not whether you fail or not，_ whether you try or not.A.and B.or C.so D.but04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化( )1. _you wait a fe

18、w more minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A.Must B.ShouldC.Could D.Might( )2. _T-shirt do you like better, the red one or the blue one?I prefer the red one.A.How much B.How manyC.Whose D .Which( )3. _do you clean your room?Every day.A.How long B.How manyC.How often D.How soon( )4.Lily, _do you study fo

19、r a math test?By asking my teacher for help.A.how B.who C.why D.what( )5.Youve just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part,_?A.shall we B.will youC.do you D.are you( )6.You like listening to Sallys songs, dont you?_.She has a sweet voice.A.Yes,I do B.Yes,she doesC.

20、No,I dont D.No,she doesnt( )7.Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room._.A.No,I wont B.I know thatC.It doesnt matter D.OK.I will( )8.Yoga helps people to keep healthy and relaxed, _?A.does it B.is itC.doesnt it D.isnt it( )9. _exercising, and youll be healthier.A.Keep B.To keepC.Keepi

21、ng D.Kept( )10. _smoke here, Dad. Smoking has been banned (禁止) in public places.A.Dont be B.DontC.Not to be D.Be not( )11._ me back my money, Ill ring the police.A.Giving;or B.Give;andC.To give;and D.Give;or( )12.Listen!Someone is playing the piano.Wow!_ beautiful music!I like it very much.A.What B.

22、How aC.What a D.How( )13. _nice day it is! Lets go and fly a kite.A.What B.What aC.How D.How a( )14._ interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!A.What B.What anC.How D.How an( )15._today!Yes.Shall we have a picnic in the open air?A.What fine weather isB.How fine weather it isC.What a fine

23、 weather it isD.How fine the weather is( )16.I like noisy music, _ neither my parents nor my sister likes it.A.and B.or C.but D.so( )17.My mom works as a teacher and she likes her students very much._- great job it is! You know, being a teacher is my dream.A.How B.How aC.What D.What a( )18. _do you spend on your homework every day?Three hours.A.How often B.How longC.How many D.How much( )19.There will be a volleyball match in our school,_?A.be there B.is thereC.will there D