天然藥物化學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯

1、天然藥物化學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯中藥traditional Chinese drug生藥crude drug草藥medicinal herb民族藥ethnic drug地產(chǎn)藥材native drug道地藥材famous-region drug中成藥Chinese patent medicine海洋生藥學(xué)marine pharmacognosy藥用植物學(xué)medicinal botany植物化學(xué)phytochemistry植物化學(xué)分類學(xué)plant chemotaxonomy生藥拉丁名Latin name of crude drug學(xué)名scientific name來源source混淆品adulterant類同

2、品allied drug偽品counterfeit drug代用品substitute摻偽adulteration天然產(chǎn)物natural product化學(xué)成分chemical constituent有效成分effective constituent主成分main constituent活性成分active constituent莽草酸途徑shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途徑acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龍酸途徑acetate-mevalonate pathway單糖monosaccharide戊糖pentose己精hexose庚糖hepto

3、se辛糖octose脫氧糖deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose寡糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide四糖tetrasaccharide五糖pentosacc haride多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch 樹膠gum果膠pectin半纖維素hemicellulose纖維素cellulose甲殼質(zhì)chitin肝素heparin硫酸軟骨素chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸hyaluronic acid直鏈淀粉amylose支鏈淀粉amylopectin糖原gl

4、ycogen費林試驗Fehling test苷glycoside糖雜體heteroside苷元aglycone苦杏仁酶emulsin氰苷cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside酚苷phenolic glycoside多酚polyphenol醛苷aldehyde glycoside醇苷alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷indole glycoside樹脂醇苷resinol glycoside硫苷thioglycoside呫噸酮xanthone呫噸酮苷xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌anthraquinone蒽醌苷anthraq

5、uinone glycoside蒽酚anthranol氧化蒽酚oxanthranol蒽酮anthrone二蒽酮dianthrone羥基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反應(yīng)Borntrager reaction黃酮類flavonoid黃酮苷flavonoid glycoside黃酮flavone黃烷flavane黃酮醇flavonol黃烷酮flavanone黃烷酮醇flavanonol異黃酮isoflavone異黃烷酮isoflavanone 菊糖inulin黏液mucilage雙黃酮biflavone查耳酮chalcone環(huán)菠蘿烷cycloartane達瑪烷dammara

6、ne胡蘿卜烷dancane木栓烷friedelane原萜烷protostane螺甾烷spirostane羊毛甾烷lanostane花色素anthocyanidin花色苷anthocyanin原花色素proanthocyanidin白花色素leucoanthocyanidin白花色素苷leucoanthocyanin多烯色素polyene pigment色烷chromane色酮chromone橙酮aurone皂苷saponin皂苷元sapogenin原皂苷元prosapogenin甾體皂苷steroid saponin甾體皂苷元steroid sapogenin三萜皂苷triterpenoid

7、saponin三萜皂苷元triterpenoid sapogenin溶血指數(shù)haemolytic index泡沫試驗foam test強心苷cardiac glycoside強心苷元cardiac aglycone強心甾cardenolide海蔥甾scillanolide蟾蜍甾bufanolide植物脫皮甾醇phytoecdysteroid一級苷primary glycoside原始苷primitive glycoside次級苷secondary glycoside凱凱反應(yīng)Keller-Kiliani reaction, K-K reaction凱達試驗Kedde test萊加爾試驗Legal

8、 test香豆素苷coumarin glycoside香豆素coumarin 新黃酮類neoflavonoid裂環(huán)烯醚萜苷secoiridoid glycoside木脂體lignan木脂內(nèi)酯lignanolide新木脂體neolignan木素lignin萜terpene萜類terpenoid半萜hemiterpene單萜monoterpene倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene四萜tetraterpene多萜polyterpene齊墩果烷oleanane揮發(fā)油volatile oil精油essential oil鞣質(zhì)tannin鞣酸t(yī)annic aci

9、d可水解鞣質(zhì)hydrolysable tannin縮合鞣質(zhì)condensed tannin鞣酐phlobaphene鞣花鞣質(zhì)ellagitannin沒食子鞣質(zhì)gallotannin生物堿alkaloid碘化汞鉀試劑Mayer's reagent碘化鉍鉀試劑Dragendorff's reagent碘化鉀碘試劑Wagner's reagent硅鎢酸試劑Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent磷鉬酸試劑Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagen

10、t苦味酸試劑Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent礬酸銨一濃硫酸試液Mandelin test solution鉬酸銨一濃硫酸試液Frohde test solution甲醛一濃硫酸試液Marquis test solution雙縮脲反應(yīng)biuret reaction脂肪fat 環(huán)烯醚萜苷iridoid glycoside環(huán)烯醚萜iridoid裂環(huán)烯醚苷secoiridoid有機酸organic acid樹脂resin油樹脂oleoresin樹膠樹脂gum resin香樹脂balsam香脂酸balsamic acid苷樹脂glycosidal resi

11、n苦味素bitter principle色素pigment微量元素trace element吖啶生物堿acridine alkaloid阿樸啡類生物堿aporphine alkaloid芐基異喹啉生物堿benzylisoquinoline alkaloid雙芐基異喹啉生物堿bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid雙吲哚生物堿bisindole alkaloid咪唑生物堿imidazole alkaloid吲哚生物堿indole alkaloid吲哚聯(lián)啶生物堿indolizidine alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物堿indolylalkylamine alkaloid異喹啉生物

12、堿isoquinoline alkaloid大環(huán)生物堿macrocyclic alkaloid嗎啡烷生物堿morphinane alkaloid羥吲哚生物堿oxindole alkaloid菲啶生物堿phenanthridine alkaloid苯烷胺生物堿phenylalkylamine alkaloid哌啶生物堿piperidine alkaloid嘌呤生物堿purine alkaloid吡啶生物堿pyridine alkaloid吡咯生物堿pyrrolidine alkaloid吡咯聯(lián)啶生物堿pyrrolizidine alkaloid喹唑啉生物堿quinazoline alkaloid

13、喹啉生物堿quinoline alkaloid喹啉聯(lián)啶生物堿quinolizidine alkaloid甾體生物堿steroid alkaloid萜類生物堿terpenoid alkaloid四氫異喹啉生物堿tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid 脂肪油fatty oil去油de-fatting蠟wax飽和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不飽和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid皂化saponification酸敗rancidity-acetal 醛縮醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alka

14、li- 堿allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的鹽、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在鹽類前表示酸式鹽bis- 雙-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 順式condensed 縮合的、冷凝的cyclo- 環(huán)deca- 十deci 10-1

15、 莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物堿tropane alkaloid除蟲菊素類pyrethroidfluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氫或水hydroxyl 羥基hypo- 低級的，次-ic 酸的，高價金屬-ide 無氧酸的鹽，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亞胺iodo- 碘代iso- 異，等，同-ite 亞酸鹽keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 內(nèi)酯mega- 106meta- 間，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，單nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亞硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十octa- 八octadeca- 十八-yl 基-ylene 撐(二價基，價在不同原子上）-yne 炔 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 環(huán)氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 鄰，正，原-ous 亞酸的，低價金屬oxa- 氧雜-oxide 氧化合物