傲慢與偏見畢業(yè)論文

1、存檔編號學士學位論文Views on Marriage of Jane Auste nin Pride and Prejudice教學學院外國語學院屆 別專 業(yè)姓 名學 號指導教師完成日期19Views on Marriage of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice論傲慢與偏見中簡奧斯丁的婚姻觀Abstract: Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth- century in English literature. Pride and Pre

2、judice is a world- wide popular novel published in 1813. Austen set the story in the first decade of the nineteenth century. At that time, marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition. From the description of four different marriages, the novel explore the important role

3、 that money and love plays in marriage. Austen fully expresses her original views on marriage property, social status and love are three indispensable elements in a marriage. It is wrong to marry for money, but it is unwise to marry without money. Austen ' views on marriage emphasze love and eco

4、no mic con diti on, and a happy marriage should be based on mutual love ,mutual un dersta nding .The thesis tries to draw some in spirati on from Auste n and provide some hints for modern women in their view of marriageKey words: Love; Marriage; Money; social status摘要：簡奧斯汀是十九世紀英國文學史上最偉大的現(xiàn)實主義小說家之一。她的

5、 傲慢與偏見于1813年問世，是一部享譽世界的著名小說。 小說將故事情節(jié) 置于十九世紀初，十九世紀的英國，婚姻是女性獲得社會地位和社會認知的唯 一途徑。小說通過對四種不同婚姻的描寫，探討金錢與愛情在婚姻中的重要作 用，從而得出作者簡 奧斯汀的婚姻觀：財產(chǎn)、社會地位和愛情是婚姻中必不可 少的三個因素，為了金錢而結(jié)婚是錯誤的，然而缺少金錢的婚姻也是不明智的。 奧斯汀的婚姻觀強調(diào)愛情和經(jīng)濟條件，認為幸福的婚姻應該建立在相互愛慕和 相互理解上。本文作者意在借用奧斯汀的一些進步觀點為現(xiàn)代女性在婚姻觀方 面提供一些借鑒 關鍵詞：愛情；婚姻；金錢；社會地位Contents.2AbstractKe yword

6、s .2ChapterlIn troducti on .41.1 Jane Austen .41.2 Background of Pride and Prejudice .4Chapter2 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice .62.1 Colli ns and Charlotte ' marriage .62.2. Lydia and Wickham' s Marriage 72.3. Jane and M r. Bin gley ' Marriage .72.4. Darcy and Elizabeth ' Carr

7、iage 8Chapter3 Views on four Marriages of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice113.1. Marriage based on true love and mutual understanding.113.1.1. Jane and Mr. Bingley ' ms arriage 113.1.2. Darcy and Elizabeth 'msarriage .113.2. Marriage based on money and social status .123.2.1. Colli ns and

8、Charlotte 'marriage .123.2.2. Lydia and Wickham's Marriage .13Chapter4 The practical importanee of Jane Austen's views 154.1. At Jane Austen time .154.2 .In modern society .16.18Chapter5 ConclusionChapter1 Introduction1.1 Jane Austin“Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Hampshire, a count

9、ry priest family located in Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation. ” Her six novels Sense and Sensibility , Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield , Emma, Persuasion “al

10、l describe more than marriage ” (Wang, 2005: 6.4H) owever, her marriage is in blank within her 42 years lifetime. Going through the best time of the life, she ultimately doesn ' t meet the right person in her life and finally gives up her love. With these sweet and bitter experiences she writes

11、the great workPride and Prejudice .Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austen's own favorite poet was Cowper. Her

12、earliest-known writings date from about 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: James danced“with

13、 Alethea, and cut up the turkey last night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink persian. ” (Austen in a lett

14、er to her sister Cassandra in 1796)1.2 Background of Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice , the book about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austen' s famous books, being the representative of rearlaistuticrel.iteIn portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female

15、 writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. This novel makes an analysis of human nature and then stick up readers to think over social relations.“ At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon w

16、as closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence a

17、nd capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home; their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.” (Zhu Ho.ng 1995:34)People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues o

18、f women were patience and deference. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had thr

19、ee ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, theref

20、ore, for young women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage t

21、o demonstrate her own view on marriage.Chaper2 Four marriages in Pride and Prejudice2.1 Mr. Collins and Charlotte' s MarriageIn Pride and Prejudice , the first part is the marriage of Charlotte and Collins.Charlotte is William Lucas' s daughter, who is the neighbor of Lizzy Bennett. She isbo

22、rn in a poor family and very mediocre in every aspect. So she has not got married even until she is 26 years old. She may be a typical questionable girl. “However, there are 5 daughters in the Bennetts,'the five daughters are gradually growing up to the age for marriage. So both of the two famil

23、ies rival mutually, especially in the eyes of the ordinary wome n, such rivalry was particularly tedious.” (Huang, 2007:126)Bennett 'wsife is especially typical; she does not give birth to a boy but five girls. The family' s property couldn ' t be given to a daughter according to the cus

24、tomat that time, and the family without a son can grant the wealth to the nephew. So one of Bennett nephewsCollins can inherit the family wealth. Therefore, Mrs. Bennett has great expectations on her nephew. Though the family is not so rich, Collins is the only one who can inherit the whole property

25、. For this reason, Mrs. Bennett feels at ease, and then she has great hope on Collins and likes him. With the help of one of his relatives, Collins becomes a priest. And then he goes to his uncle 'hsome, wanting to be one son-in-law of Bennett. Because he has heard a lot about the situation of t

26、he five daughters of his uncle' s family; he is coming to try his luck here.In his mind, if he could be one son-in-law of his uncle 'tsh,en he could get the property of the family. At first, he suggests Mrs. Bennett that the 26-year old Jane has captured his attention. After informed that th

27、e eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he thinks that the second daughter Elizabeth would be an agreeable alternative. Eventually, Elizabeth refuses him with sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get married and believes that the marriage is the only way for

28、her to gain respect and also is the only ending of a woman. And then they get married as quickly as the lightning.2.2 Lydi a and Wickham ' s MarriageThe second marriage is between Bennett' s third daughter Lydia and Wickham,the son of the housekeeper of Mr. Darcy. At first, he is well-treate

29、d by the family and the friends. However, he comes down in the world because of his misbehavior. Hegets into debt. He is a man without any responsibility. He wants to get married in order to become rich so he can change his social status. In his opinion, love is only recreation. For his purpose, he

30、entices Lydia who is young, innocent and vainglorious. “ Lydia, with perfect indifference, continued to express her admiration of Caption Carter, and her hope of seeing him in the course of the day, as he was going the next morning to London. ” (Austen 1L8y1d3ia: h5a8t)es to work hard, and is spoilt

31、 by her mother, and getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So Wickham gets her love easily. “ WhenWickham wants to reach his aimgettingwealth by love and exalts her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elope. As L

32、ydia is young and empty-minded, she never gives love a serious and proper consideration, so when Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wickham would notshe is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.(Fu,T2h0e0i2r :lo4v3e)marry Lydia, because she is not charming a

33、nd has nothing to attract him, and he is only fond of the wealth of her family.Finally, with the help of Darcy, the scandal was covered andWickham agreed to marry with Lydia .2.3 Jane and Mr. Bingley ' s MarriageThe third marriage is of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a frie

34、nd of Darcy. In the assembly, Jane and Bingley fall in love with each other at first sight Mr. Bingley believed that “She is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld! ” (Austen,2001:1A2f)ter the meeting, Jane expressed to Elizabeth how much she admired him“ He is just what a young man ought to be,

35、sensible, go-ohdumored, lively; and I never saw such happy manners!so much ease, with such perfect good breeding! ” (Austen,2001:15)In the following days, their favorable emotions deepenedwith acquaintances. They agreed in tastes and temperament. Mr. Bingley almost intended to propose to Jane. But a

36、 disjunctive change happened. His best friendMr. Darcy thought that this is the scheme of the Bennet family, and he did not agree Jane had special sensibilities to Mr. Bingley. Mr. Darcy indicated his viewpoint to his friend. His poor friend believed that, and then he left Netherfield, departed from

37、 Jane without saying good-bye.Their separation made Jane sink into suffering. The root of the separation is Mr.Bingley 'lasck of definite view, his irresolute and hesitant personality. He did not have enough confidence in himself, he was not sure about whether Jane loved him or not. And Jane was

38、 very reserved, although she loved Bingley very much but never expressed her felling to him, even strived for it actively. This behavior let Darcy misunderstood that she had never like his friend Bingley, and Bingley also doubted Jane' s affection to him. So the misunderstanding appeared. But fo

39、rtunately, finally the misunderstanding was cleared up. Mr. Bingley came back for Janewith Darcy ' s help, and proposed to her.J2. 4 Darcy and Elizabeth ' s MarriageThe fourth marriage is the main theme of the work. That is Darcy and Elizabeth 'msarriage. “Elizabeth is the ideal image fo

40、r women. She is Bonnets' second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl. She has a middle-class family background and has not been affected by the traditional concept that most girls have. She isn ' t good at music and painting, but she has read many books which make her knowledgeabl

41、e and perceptive.”(Fu, 20T0h2e: 6m4o) st important aspect is that sheis a lady with dignity and upbringing. Darcy is a man with high status and good manner. He is handsome, rich and powerful. So he is the ideal husband of most girls. But he has grown up in the surroundings with a strong sense of pow

42、er, so he is always selfish and arrogant, and he has a critical look at each individual, except the family members; he is not concerned about anyone else, and looks down upon anyone else. Therefore, when he first arrives in the village, he finds all the persons are far away from those imagined. Alth

43、ough every girl there is young and lovely, he has no interest in anyone except Elizabeth. At first he doesn'pt ut an eye on Elizabeth. Gradually, he has to admit that Elizabeth is beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insists that Elizabeth hasn' t the same social status as he does. D

44、arcy isrational because he has a strong sense of power, which agrees on the reality at that time. Although he expresseshis love to Elizabeth, he couldn 'htelp showing his arrogance, which makes Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy. Darcy loves Elizabeth, but looks down upon her so

45、cial status. He considers that he has been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard. He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth is waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he is irresistible to the flooding feelings,

46、 and condescendsto Elizabeth , he still remembers the gap between them. Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy 'psersonality performs on the realities of society. When he talks about his feelings of love, he also expresses the arrogance of these feelings in details, which results in the arousing

47、resentment of Elizabeth; she rejects his marriage proposal, and angrily accuses his insolence. The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth shows her clear, calm and actually stressful personality. Compared with “her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister w

48、ith feather head, Elizabeth is one with ideal mind. She is elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually superior unlike her sister being easy to be favorable. (London, 2007: 23)She also advises her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.s being l

49、aElizabeth is unique, because she has a deep understanding of all the things around her. In fact both she and Darcy are extremely sensitive to the social status. Different from Darcy, Elizabeth doesn' thave superiority about her family background and status. Instead, she feels deeply ashamed for

50、 her sister of fairly education and her mother 'rsudeness and stupidity. Compared with her moderate and generous sister Jane, she is smarter and even more profound. She has a clean understanding about her own social status. Because of this, she resists the arrogance of Darcy, and she tries her b

51、est to protect herself from being hurt by Darcy ' s commanding attitudeS. he be“l(fā)ieves that she must make him understand that she is not woozy, which reflects her belief to deal with the emotional entanglements with Darcy, as well as her constant patter with Darcy and the prejudice on Darcy. (Pe

52、nn 2007: 15) It seems to be shared by the traditional psychological requirement that everyone needs to be respected mutually. Mutually speaking, this is another form of expression about the awareness of status. Perhaps, to some extent, Darcy has more romantic temperament than Elizabeth; it is becaus

53、e he is better positioned than her. Elizabeth refuses the stupid priest Collins and challenges wealthy Darcy , all of this is actually the resistanceof the prevailing marriage at that time. The ultimate failure makes Darcy wake up. He is aware of his own short-comings. He accepts Elizabeth ' s c

54、riticism, and faithfully corrects the shortcomings and mistakes. He is no longer arrogant and has a real love with Elizabeth.When I see the blame from heart, I find her shortcomings and courage. It is herbringing that plays a role; she starts to give up the bias caused by self-esteem, and truly and

55、seriously understand Darcy. Elizabeth wouldn' t beleiesvselitehse shamelabout Darcy said by Wickham and eliminate the misunderstanding and prejudice. She finally falls in love with Darcy. when Darcy proposed to her again ,she accepted itChapter3.Views on four Marriages of Jane Austen in Pride an

56、d Prejudice 3.1The marriage based on true love and mutual understanding3.1.1. Jane and Mr. Bingley's marriageBingley and Jane'ms arriage is based on love and rational respect. Their marriage tells readers that love can overtop everything. Although they had misunderstood each other, Mr. Bingl

57、ey had hesitated to be relative of the Bennet family ,but these problems became nothing when they knew love was between them. So they got married. Especially, Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage. They possessed person

58、al attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense. With these similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life. Because they understand, help and support between them.

59、They didn't care thedefects of their partners and even they didn't see any faults in each other. Just as theold saying goes, “ Birdsof a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group. B”ecause of their excellent understanding and the general similarity of feeling and taste, they lived a happy life. So I can say love and understanding is the foundation of their marriage .At the same time, Mr. Bingley 'psroperty made the effect of adding flowers to the brocade. This