新廣州版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)U1

1、 卓越個(gè)性化教學(xué)講義U1 helping those in need基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固一、扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ) （一）默寫(xiě)單詞中文英文中文英文籌募；增加，提高準(zhǔn)許，批準(zhǔn)喪失能力的，殘疾的青少年主動(dòng)提出受苦，受折磨嚴(yán)重的（某種）病組織，籌備表達(dá)，表露痛苦，苦惱孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的友情，友誼困難，費(fèi)勁愉快，喜悅平靜，寧?kù)o（使）疼痛，受傷勇氣，勇敢情緒，心境付費(fèi) （二）翻譯下列短語(yǔ)需要幫助的_ 義務(wù)性工作_報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)_ 因受苦；受折磨_使振奮，使鼓起勇氣_ 目的在于，為了_ 幫助某人_ 因?yàn)開(kāi)給拍照_ 在將來(lái)_身體健康_ 害怕_照顧_ 參加_與交朋友_ 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的_為的是，以便_ 生病住院_靠近_ 從那時(shí)起_二、用法集萃off

2、er to do sth主動(dòng)提出做某事teach sb to do sth教某人做某事help sb (to) do sth幫助某人做某事continue to do sth繼續(xù)做某事have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困難need to do sth需要做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞使某人某物one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞之一enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事used to do sth過(guò)去常常做某事how much +不可數(shù)名詞多少decide to do sth決定做某事like to do sth喜歡做某事ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事

3、would like to do sth想要做某事be unable to do sth不能做某事即學(xué)即用：1、他主動(dòng)提出要幫助這個(gè)小男孩。He _ _ _ the little boy.2、王老師叫我們語(yǔ)文。Mr. Wang _ _ Chinese.3、讓我來(lái)幫你澆花吧。Let me _ _ _ flowers.4、喝了點(diǎn)水后，他繼續(xù)鍛煉身體。he _ _ _ _ after drinking some water.5、我在學(xué)英語(yǔ)方面有困難。I have _ _ English.6、我需要休息一下。I _ _ _ a rest.7、這個(gè)故事讓我很傷心。The story _ _ _.8、他是

4、我的同學(xué)之一。He is _ _ my classmates.9、我喜歡跑步。I enjoy _./I like _ _/_.10、我過(guò)去常常喝咖啡。I _ _ _ coffee.11、杯子里有多少水？_ _ water is there in the cup?12、我決定要好好學(xué)習(xí)。I _ _ study hard.13、媽媽要求我?guī)嫌陚?。My mother _ _ _ take an umbrella.14、我想要喝點(diǎn)橙汁。I _ _ _ drink some orange.【基礎(chǔ)鞏固題】I根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成句子1. Could you give me a h_, Mark?2.

5、There are many kinds of v_ work.3. I taught d_ children to sing.4. Three t_ offered to do some voluntary work during the school holiday.5. There are many children w_ parents.6. We t_ them to tell stories.7. My friends dont understand my p_.8. I will c_ to do voluntary work in the future.9. We need s

6、omeone to talk to her and m_ friends with her.10. Can you help these c_?II.選擇正確的答案完成句子1.When something is serious , it is _.A. bad or dangerous B. good and safe2. If you have an illness, you are a person_.A. in good health B. in bad health3.If you have peace, you are_.A. nervous B. not worried or ex

7、cited4. A person with courage is usually _ of something dangerous or difficult.A. afraid B. not afraid5. If you raise something , you _.A. make it lower B. make a higher6. If you are in high spirits, you have a good _.A. feeling B. abilityIII. 短語(yǔ)互譯1.需要幫助的_ 2. 義務(wù)性工作_3.報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)_ 4.因受苦受折磨_5.交朋友_ 6.目的在于，為了_

8、7. offer to do _ 8. in the future_9. continue to do _ 10. in the free time_語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)【教材典句】1 Cindy wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home.辛迪想畫(huà)一幅她家附近公園的圖畫(huà)。2 Annie taught to sing beautiful songs.安妮教蒂姆唱優(yōu)美的歌曲。3 They went to the hospital to help the sick chilrn.他們?nèi)メt(yī)院幫助生病兒童。上面的三個(gè)句子中都含有動(dòng)詞不定式（to + 動(dòng)詞

9、原形），分別作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足和目的狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或單獨(dú)使用。本單元我們主要學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)的用法。動(dòng)詞不定式用法一、用作主語(yǔ)直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)常置于句末。如：1. I t is our duty to try our best t

10、o deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to learn English well is important. 4.To see is to believe.(眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)；百聞不如一見(jiàn))二、用作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，常說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefull

11、y. 三、用作賓語(yǔ)1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.動(dòng)詞

12、decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問(wèn)詞帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真正的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：

13、I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別不太大的動(dòng)詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動(dòng)作、將來(lái)動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很?chē)?yán)格，特別是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。如：1) Then I started to watch Tv.2) I am beginning to understand my parents.begin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示事情剛開(kāi)始，還

14、要繼續(xù)下去。3) I like to eat vegetables. 感知?jiǎng)釉~like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來(lái)做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語(yǔ)；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語(yǔ)。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事。如：1)When I left home, I

15、forgot to bring it with me. 2)I stopped using them last year. 四、用作定語(yǔ)1.句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.1)I have so many clothes to wash today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to live in.2.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)He needs t

16、ime to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.2). but there are still many things to do there.五、用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect, , invite, encourage)，

17、教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. 2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽(tīng)”：hear, listen to，一

18、“感覺(jué)”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel excited！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，to可帶可不帶。1) they can help you to learn English. 2)Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作狀語(yǔ)1.目的狀語(yǔ)，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very ea

19、rly.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“too.to”，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) Im too tired to do it well. 2)The

20、 room is big enough for three people to live in.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說(shuō)明人的特性，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy,

21、hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Its a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.Its wise of him to do it well.3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞what, which, who或疑問(wèn)副詞how

22、, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作賓語(yǔ))2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語(yǔ))2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never t

23、o do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇：（ ）1. The teacher told them _ make so much noise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to （ ）2. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to make B.

24、 to not make C. dont make D. not make （ ）3. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut (關(guān))not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut （ ）4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to （ ）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter _

25、 after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive （ ） 6. The doctor asked the patient _rich food after the operation(手術(shù)). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating （ ）7. The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked

26、 （ ）8. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. went C.is going D. goes （ ）9. He often makes his little sister _, A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry（ ）11. He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will （ ）12. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turnin

27、g it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off （ ）13. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet （ ）14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock A. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest （ ）15. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. spe

28、aking （ ）16. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating （ ）17. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change ? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going （ ）18. Im sorry I forgot _your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to t

29、ake B. taking C. to bring D. bringing （ ） 19 Dont forget _ the letter . A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent（ ）20. Im afraid they would not allow（允許） him _ here . A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke （ ）21. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it . A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil二

30、、根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。    1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.       He was too angry _ _ anything.    2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.       I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 

31、60;  3. He said he would write a letter.       He said he would have a letter _ _.    4. That you read English in the morning is very important.       It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.  

32、60; 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭）       He was strong _ _ _ the stone.    6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.       His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.    7. They got

33、 up early so that they could get there in time.       They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time.    8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.       His brother decided _ _ the book.    9. He hopes that he can visi

34、t the Great Wall.       He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.    10.I saw him go into the room.       He was seen _ _ into the room.    11.We made him work five hours a day.       He was made _

35、_ five hours a day.    12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?       Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?    13.We dont know what we shall do next.       We dont know what _ _ next.    14.

36、Im very sorry on hearing the bad news.       Im very sorry _ _ the bad news.    15.He stopped and had a look at me.       He stopped _ _ a look at me.    16.I helped him with his English.    

37、;   I helped him _ _ English.    17.My father promised （許諾）that he would buy me a bike.       My father promised _ _ me a bike.    18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.       The box is too heavy _ me _ _.    19.“Lie down! ”the boy said