分析化學(xué)常用詞匯、

1、分析化學(xué)常用詞匯?玻璃漏斗 Glass funnel long stem試管 test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack蒸發(fā)皿 evaporating dish small燒杯 beaker錐形瓶 Erlenmeyer量筒 grad cylinder洗瓶 plastic wash bottle勺皿 casserole ,small stoppered flask分液漏斗 separalory funnelwarter bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器 condenser

2、Ballast bottle圓頸燒瓶 Round-bottom flask試劑瓶 reagent bottles托盤天平 platform balance 臺(tái)秤0.1g 托盤pan 指針刻度表pointer and scalecrossbeams and sliding weights 游碼分析天平 two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管 burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管 pipette 胖肚 elongated glass bulb洗耳球 rubber suction bulb玻棒 glass rod玻璃活塞 s

3、topcock容量瓶 pyknowmeter flasks比重瓶 (one-mark)volumetric flasks胖肚吸管 one-mark pipette刻度吸管 graduated pipettes錐形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 藥匙(medicine spoon)×1(Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2燒杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2250 ml×3 木試管夾(test tube cla

4、mp;test tube holder)×1100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×150 ml×2 10 ml×1容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳缽(morta)×150 ml×4 洗耳球(ear washing bulb)碘量瓶 (Iodine numoe flask; iodine flask) 500 ml×3試劑瓶 (reagent bottle) （無色）×2（棕色）×2 配洗液：量筒（cylinder） 100 ml

5、5;1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水65mlH2SO4(graduated cylinder)10ml×1 邊加邊攪拌(stir)。鐵支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架白瓷板(White Porcelain Board ) （一）清點(diǎn)儀器(to count;to make an分析化學(xué)：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化學(xué)分析：physico-chemical analysis儀器分析法：instrumental anal

6、ysis流動(dòng)注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA順序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)：chemometrics第二章 誤差的分析數(shù)據(jù)處理絕對誤差：absolute error相對誤差：relative error系統(tǒng)誤差：systematic error可定誤差：determinate error隨機(jī)誤差：accidental error不可定誤差：indeterminate error準(zhǔn)確度：accuracy精確度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debiation

7、相對平均偏差：relative average debiation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差）：standerd deviation;S相對平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD變異系數(shù)：coefficient of variation誤差傳遞：propagation of error有效數(shù)字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level顯著性水平：level of significance合并標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（組合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差）：pooled standard debiation舍棄商：rejection quotient ;Q化學(xué)定量分析第三章

8、滴定分析概論滴定分析法：titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn)：stoichiometric point等當(dāng)點(diǎn)：equivalent point電荷平衡：charge balance電荷平衡式：charge balance equation質(zhì)量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance質(zhì)量平衡式：mass balance equation第四章 酸堿滴定法酸堿滴定法：acid-base titrations酸式滴定管(Acid burette) 25 ml配洗液 (Lotion)

9、堿式滴定管(Alkali burette)25一般儀器的洗滌直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)容量瓶(volumetric flask)漏斗架 (funnel stand)移液管(pipe)水浴鍋(water bath kettle)溫度計(jì)(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope)電爐(electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove)質(zhì)子自遞反應(yīng)：autoprotolysis reaction質(zhì)子自遞常數(shù)：autoprotolysis constant質(zhì)子條件式:proton balance equati

10、on酸堿指示劑：acid-base indicator指示劑常數(shù)：indicator constant變色范圍：colour change interval混合指示劑：mixed indicator雙指示劑滴定法：double indicator titration第五章 非水滴定法非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations質(zhì)子溶劑：protonic solvent酸性溶劑：acid solvent堿性溶劑：basic solvent兩性溶劑:amphototeric solvent無質(zhì)子溶劑：aprotic solvent均化效應(yīng)：differentiating effect區(qū)分

11、性溶劑：differentiating solvent離子化：ionization離解：dissociation結(jié)晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: -naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶紅：quinadinered百里酚藍(lán)：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚藍(lán)：bromophenol blue第六章 配位滴定法配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA螯合物：chelate compound金屬指示劑：metal lochrome indcator第

12、七章 氧化還原滴定法氧化還原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry 溴量法：bromine method鈰量法：cerimetry高錳酸鉀法：potassium permanganate method條件電位：conditional potential溴酸鉀法：potassium bromate method硫酸鈰法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸鹽：periodate亞硝酸鈉法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反應(yīng)：diazotiz

13、ation reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亞硝基化反應(yīng)：nitrozation reaction亞硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示劑：external indicator外指示劑：outside indicator重鉻酸鉀法：potassium dichromate method第八章 沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method銀量法：argentometric method第九章 重量分析法重量分析法：gravimet

14、ric analysis揮發(fā)法：volatilization method引濕水（濕存水）：water of hydroscopicity包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition結(jié)晶水：water of crystallization組成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶劑萃取法：solvent extration反萃?。篶ounter extraction分配系數(shù)：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio離子對（離子締合物）：i

15、on pair沉淀形式：precipitation forms稱量形式：weighing forms分析化學(xué)下冊儀器分析 概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化學(xué)分析：physicochemical analysis儀器分析：instrumental analysis第十章 電位法及永停滴定法電化學(xué)分析：electrochemical analysis電解法：electrolytic analysis method電重量法：electtogravimetry庫侖法：coulometry庫侖滴定法：coulometric titration電導(dǎo)法：conductometry電導(dǎo)分

16、析法：conductometric analysis電導(dǎo)滴定法：conductometric titration電位法：potentiometry直接電位法：dirext potentiometry電位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry極譜法：polarography溶出法：stripping method電流滴定法：amperometric titration化學(xué)雙電層：chemical double layer相界電位：phase boundary potential金屬電極電位：electrode potential化學(xué)電池：chemi

17、cal cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原電池：galvanic cell電解池：electrolytic cell負(fù)極：cathrode正極：anode電池電動(dòng)勢：eletromotive force指示電極：indicator electrode參比電極：reference electroade標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電極：standard hydrogen electrode一級參比電極：primary reference electrode飽和甘汞電極：standard calomel electrode銀氯化銀電極：silver silver-chloride ele

18、ctrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不對稱電位：asymmetry potential表觀PH值：apparent PH復(fù)合PH電極：combination PH electrode離子選擇電極：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶體電極:crystalline electrodes均相膜電極：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜電極：heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶體電極：non- crystalline electrodes剛性基質(zhì)電極：rigid

19、 matrix electrode流流體載動(dòng)電極：electrode with a mobile carrier氣敏電極：gas sensing electrodes酶電極：enzyme electrodes金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體場效應(yīng)晶體管：MOSFET離子選擇場效應(yīng)管：ISFET總離子強(qiáng)度調(diào)節(jié)緩沖劑：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stop titration雙電流滴定法（雙安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration第十一章 光譜分析法概論普朗克常數(shù)：Plank constant電磁波譜：el

20、ectromagnetic spectrum光譜：spectrum光譜分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子發(fā)射光譜法：atomic emission spectroscopy質(zhì)量譜：mass spectrum質(zhì)譜法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章 紫外可見分光光度法紫外可見分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色團(tuán)：chromophore助色團(tuán)：auxochrome紅移：red shift長移：bathochromi

21、c shift短移：hypsochromic shift藍(lán)（紫）移：blue shift增色效應(yīng)（濃色效應(yīng)）：hyperchromic effect減色效應(yīng)（淡色效應(yīng)）：hypochromic effect強(qiáng)帶：strong band弱帶：weak band吸收帶：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance譜帶寬度：band width雜散光：stray light噪聲：noise暗噪聲：dark noise散粒噪聲：signal shot noise閃耀光柵：blazed grating全息光柵：holographic graaing光二極

22、管陣列檢測器：photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS褶合光譜法：convolution spectrometry褶合變換：convolution transform,CT離散小波變換：wavelet transform,WT多尺度細(xì)化分析：multiscale analysis供電子取代基：electron donating group吸電子取代基：electron with-drawing group第十三章 熒光分析法熒光：fluorescence熒光分析法：fluorometryX-射線熒光分析法

23、：X-ray fulorometry原子熒光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子熒光分析法：molecular fluorometry振動(dòng)弛豫：vibrational relexation內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換：internal conversion外轉(zhuǎn)換：external conversion體系間跨越：intersystem crossing激發(fā)光譜：excitation spectrum熒光光譜：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift熒光壽命：fluorescence life time熒光效率：fluorescence efficiency熒光量子

24、產(chǎn)率：fluorescence quantum yield熒光熄滅法：fluorescence quemching method散射光：scattering light瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光：Raman scattering light第十四章 紅外分光光度法紅外線：infrared ray,IR中紅外吸收光譜：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR遠(yuǎn)紅外光譜：Far-IR微波譜：microwave spectrum,MV紅外吸收光譜法：infrared spectroscopy紅外分光光度法：infrared

25、 spectrophotometry振動(dòng)形式：mode of vibration伸縮振動(dòng)：stretching vibration對稱伸縮振動(dòng)：symmetrical stretching vibration不對稱伸縮振動(dòng)：asymmetrical stretching vibration彎曲振動(dòng)：bending vibration變形振動(dòng)：formation vibration面內(nèi)彎曲振動(dòng):in-plane bending vibration,剪式振動(dòng)：scissoring vibration,面內(nèi)搖擺振動(dòng)：rocking vibration,面外彎曲振動(dòng)：out-of-plane bend

26、ing vibration,面外搖擺振動(dòng)：wagging vibration,蜷曲振動(dòng)：twisting vibration ,對稱變形振動(dòng)：symmetrical deformation vibration ,s不對稱變形振動(dòng)：asymmetrical deformation vibration, as特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band特征頻率：characteristic frequency相關(guān)吸收峰：correlation absorption band雜化影響：hybridization affect環(huán)大小效應(yīng)：ring size effect吸收峰

27、的強(qiáng)度：intensity of absorption band環(huán)折疊振動(dòng)：ring prckering vibration第十五章 原子吸收分光光度法原子光譜法：atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS原子發(fā)射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子熒光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS第十六章 核磁共振波譜法核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波譜

28、：NMR spectrum核磁共振波譜法：NMR spectroscopy掃場：swept field掃頻：seept frequency連續(xù)波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier變換NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二維核磁共振譜：2D-NMR質(zhì)子核磁共振譜：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氫譜：1H-NMR碳13核磁共振譜：13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR自旋角動(dòng)量：spin angular momentum磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio磁量子數(shù)：magnetic quantu

29、m number,m進(jìn)動(dòng)：precession弛豫歷程：relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic shielding屏蔽常數(shù)：shielding constant化學(xué)位移：chemical shift國際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)：IUPAC磁各向異性：magnetic anisotropy遠(yuǎn)程屏蔽效應(yīng)：long range shielding effect結(jié)面：nodal plane自旋自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling自旋自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting單峰：singlet,s雙峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet

30、,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：sextet偕偶：geminal coupling鄰偶：vicinal coupling遠(yuǎn)程偶合：long range coupling磁等價(jià)：magnetic eqivalence自旋系統(tǒng)：spin system一級光譜：first order spectrum二級光譜（二級圖譜）：second order spectrumC-H光譜：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY第十七章 質(zhì)譜法質(zhì)譜分析法：mass spectrometry質(zhì)譜：mass spectrum,MS棒圖：bar graph選擇離子

31、檢測：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接進(jìn)樣：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口：interface氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用：high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS電子轟擊離子源：electron impact source,EI離子峰：quasi-molecular ions化學(xué)離子源：chemical ionization source,CI場電離：field i

32、onization,FI場解析：field desorptiion,FD快速原子轟擊離子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB質(zhì)量分析器：mass analyzer磁質(zhì)譜儀：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer四極桿質(zhì)譜儀（四極質(zhì)譜儀）：quadrupole mass spectrometer原子質(zhì)量單位:amu離子豐度：ion abundance相對豐度(相對強(qiáng)度)：relative avundance基峰：base peak質(zhì)量范圍：mass range分辨率：resolution靈敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子離子：mole

33、cular ion碎片離子：fragment ion同位素離子：isotopic ion亞穩(wěn)離子：metastable ion亞穩(wěn)峰：metastable peak母離子：paren ion子離子：daughter含奇數(shù)個(gè)電子的離子：odd electron含偶數(shù)個(gè)電子的離子：even eletron,EE均裂：homolytic cleavage異裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MW裂解：-cleavage第十八章 色譜分析法概論色譜法（層析法）：chromatography固定

34、相：stationary phase流動(dòng)相：mobile phase超臨界流體色譜法：SFC高效毛細(xì)管電泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC氣相色譜法：gas chromatography,GC液相色譜法：liquid cromatography,LC超臨界流體色譜法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC氣-固色譜法：GSC氣-液色譜法：GLC液-固色譜法：LSC液-液色譜法：LLC柱色譜法：column chromatography填充柱：packed column毛細(xì)管柱：capillar

35、y column微填充柱：icrobore packed column高效液相色譜法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC平板色譜法：planar平板色譜法：plane chromatography紙色譜法：paper chromatography薄層色譜法：thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色譜法;thiin film chomatography毛細(xì)管電泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色譜法：partition chromatography吸附色譜法：adsorpion chrom

36、aography離子交換色譜法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC空間排阻色譜法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC親和色譜法：affinity chromatography分配系數(shù)：distribution cofficient狹義分配系數(shù)：partition coefficient凝膠色譜法：gel chromatography凝膠滲透色譜法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC凝膠過濾色譜法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC滲透系數(shù)：permeation coe

37、fficien;Kp化學(xué)鍵合相色譜法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography分配系數(shù)：distribution coefficient靛菁綠：indocyanine氣相色譜傅立葉變換紅外光譜：GC-FTIR第十九章 經(jīng)典液相色譜法薄層色譜法：TLC吸附：adsorption活化：activation脫活性：deactivation交聯(lián)度：degree of cross linking交換容量：exchange capacity薄層板：thin layer plate展開劑：developing solvent ,developer臨界膠束濃度：critic

38、ak micolle concentration ,CMC相對比移值：relative Rf, Rr分離度：resolution ,R分離數(shù)：separation number,SN煅石膏：Gypsum羧甲基纖維素鈉：CMC-Na吸收光譜聯(lián)用：TLC-UV薄層色譜熒光聯(lián)用：TLC-F薄層色譜紅外吸收光譜聯(lián)用：TLC-IR薄層色譜法：TLC-MS紙色譜法：paper chromatography上行展開：ascending development下行法展開：descending development雙向展開：two dimensional develoooment第二十章 氣相色譜法氣相色譜法

39、：gas chromatography前延峰：leading peak拖尾峰：tailing peak對稱因子：symmetry factor,fs保留時(shí)間：retention time保留體積：retention volume死時(shí)間：dead time調(diào)整保留時(shí)間：asjusted retention time半峰寬：peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2峰寬：peak width,W等溫線：isotherm理論塔板高度：height equivalent to atheoretical plate化學(xué)鍵合相：chemically bonded phas

40、e丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS高分子多孔微球：GDX苯乙烯：STY乙基乙烯苯：EST二乙烯苯：DVB涂壁毛細(xì)管柱：wall coated open tubular column,WCOT載體涂層毛細(xì)管柱：supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT熱導(dǎo)檢測器：thermal conductivity detector,TCD氫焰離子化檢測器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID電子捕獲檢測器：electron capture detector ,ECD噪聲：noise,N漂移:drift,d靈敏度：sensitivity檢測限(敏感度)：detectability,D,M分離度：resolutio