Unit 3 Diverse cultures 單元語法精講練（解析版）

1、【新教材】2020學(xué)年高一英語新教材必修第三冊同步練習(xí)材料(人教版)Unit3 Diverse cultures單元語法精講練（省略） 導(dǎo)入觀察下面的例句,你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么規(guī)律？1A：Oh,I just love nachos mexican corn chips covered with cheese.B：Me,too.2A：So its the food of many different cultures all in one dish?B：Exactly.3A real mix of cultures here!4Cant wait!5.(You) Go down this street

2、and turn right at the second crossing.6.(Is there) Anything else?7.Are you from America?Yes,I am (from America)8.What a beautiful city (it is)!發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律：1.為了避免重復(fù),將句子中的一個或幾個成分省去,這種語法現(xiàn)象叫省略。省略是避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法手段。英語中的省略有下列幾種情況。2.一般說來,只要不損害語法結(jié)構(gòu)或者引起歧義,能省略的就應(yīng)省略。省略不僅使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得緊湊,而且也是分句和分句之間的承接紐帶。簡單句中的省略1.主語

3、的省略祈使句可省去主語。Hand me the hammer,will you?把錘子遞給我好嗎？閱讀下列句子,指出句子省略的主語是什么。Dont know.不知道。省略了：ILooks like rain.像是要下雨了。省略了：It2.謂語或謂語的一部分的省略。閱讀下列句子,指出句子省略的謂語是什么。Anything you want to tell me?有什么事要告訴我嗎？省略了：Is thereThe students still waiting？學(xué)生們還在等嗎？省略了：Are3.介詞的省略She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading

4、every day.她每天花半小時讀書。We have a final exam (in) every term.每學(xué)期我們舉行一次期末考試。 (1)在英語中一些與動詞、名詞、形容詞搭配的介詞常被省略,而只保留后面的動名詞。如spend time/money (in) doing sth；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth；prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth。(2)表示時間的介詞at,on和in在next,last,this,each,these,yesterday,every,tomorrow等詞之前,一般可省略。4替代

5、性省略Can they finish their work today? 他們今天能完成工作嗎？I think so.我認(rèn)為能。I dont think so./I think not.我認(rèn)為不能。英語中,可以使用so,not或其他手段來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句子。提醒hope,guess,be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式,不能用not.so的形式。The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?男孩子們工作做得一點(diǎn)兒也不好,是嗎？I guess not.我猜是沒做好。5.賓語的省略。閱讀下列句子,指出句子省略的賓語是什

6、么。Where should we go？我們?nèi)ツ睦?？I dont care. Anywhere you want.我無所謂,你想去哪兒就去哪兒。省略了：where we go6.表語的省略。閱讀下列句子,指出句子省略的表語是什么。Are these your friends？這些人是你的朋友嗎？Yes,they are.是的,他們是我的朋友。省略了：my friends7.系動詞的省略有些省略結(jié)構(gòu)省去了系動詞,尤其在口語中。閱讀下列句子,指出句子省略的系動詞是什么。Everything in good condition.一切都完好無損。省略了：is8. 動詞不定式的省略He didnt c

7、ome,but he ought to have (come)他沒來,但他本應(yīng)該來。I saw him enter the room just now.He was seen to enter the room just now by me.剛才我看見他進(jìn)了房間。I can do nothing but wait.我能做的只有等待。His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.他的愿望是賺很多錢給媽媽買所大房子。The purpose of new technologies is to make l

8、ife easier,not to make it more difficult.新科技的目的是使生活更方便而不是使它更困難。 (1)有些動詞(詞組),如want,wish,expect,hope,would like,try,forget等后面的不定式作賓語時,為了避免重復(fù),可以省略動詞只保留到to,但如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有系動詞be和助動詞have,這些動詞就要保留。(2)感官動詞(詞組)see,look at,hear,listen to,notice,watch等和使役動詞make,let,have等的后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省略to；但此類動詞的被動語態(tài)中的to不可省略。(3)在某

9、些句式中,如介詞but,except前有動詞do的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略to。(4)兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列時,第一個帶to,后面省去to；但如果兩個不定式表示對比、對照關(guān)系時,則to不可省略。并列句中的省略觀察例句Tom picked up the book from the floor and (Tom) handed it to his brother.湯姆從地板上撿起書并把它遞給了他的哥哥。His performance made us amused,but (his performance made) himself tired.他的表演使我們高興,但是使他自己很累。Xiao

10、ming must have been playing football at that time,and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.那時小明一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在彈鋼琴?？偨Y(jié)1.省略配合的主語或賓語。2.若主語與謂語相同,則省略后面的主謂成分。3.若主語不同,而謂語部分的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞相同,則省略后面的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。復(fù)合句中的省略1定語從句的省略Here is the man (whom) youve been looking for.這位就是你一直在找的人。發(fā)現(xiàn)1如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語,則

11、關(guān)系代詞可以省略。2賓語從句的省略He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他說這篇課文很重要,我們應(yīng)該用心學(xué)習(xí)。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I dont know when (he will come to our city)我知道一個電影明星要來我們城市,但我不知道他什么時候來。發(fā)現(xiàn)2(1)及物動詞后接賓語從句時,連接詞that一般可以省略,但如果及物動詞后接兩個或兩個以上由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,

12、那么只有第一個that可以省略。(2)when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有時可以僅保留引導(dǎo)詞。狀語從句的省略探究3When (the novel is) published,the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.一旦出版,那本小說會成為年度暢銷書之一。He runs as fast as Bob (runs)他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。發(fā)現(xiàn)3(1)當(dāng)when,while,if,as if,though,as,until,unless等連接的狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致,且狀語從句中含有be動詞或從句的主語為

13、it時,省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。提醒省略句中的謂語動詞和主語之間組成主動關(guān)系,則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；若組成被動關(guān)系,則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生,則使用不定式。(2)在than,as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分。虛擬語氣中的省略探究Had you come here yesterday,you would have met her.如果你昨天來這兒的話,你就會見到她了。We insisted that they (should) go with us.我們堅(jiān)決要求他們和我們一起走。It is necessary that we (should) learn more

14、words by heart.我們有必要多用心記一些單詞。歸納(1)虛擬條件句常省略if,將were,had,should提前組成部分倒裝。(2)在一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建議(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,desire)等后的賓語從句中,含這些詞的派生詞的其他主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that.從句中常省略should。比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略The sooner (you do it),the b

15、etter (it will be)(你做得)越快(結(jié)果就會)越好。在“the比較級,the比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)中和由than和as引導(dǎo)的比較句式中,常會有一些成分在上下文清楚的情況下被省略。第一題：語境翻譯。1. The city is no longer _ it used to be(它過去的樣子了)2._,we didnt stop.盡管我們都精疲力竭,但我們都沒有停下來。3_,the room is well lit.房間雖然不大,卻很亮堂。4_,I would stay at home.要是明天下雨的話,我就待在家里不出去?！緟⒖即鸢浮?4：what ;. Though worn out

16、;. Though not large ;. Should it rain tomorrow5. What he wants to do is _.他想做的就是回家?！緟⒖即鸢浮縢o home當(dāng)不定式做表語時,如果前面主語中出現(xiàn)實(shí)義動詞do及其各種形式,則不定式中的to常可省略。6.I saw a boy _ from the tree.我看見一個男孩從樹上掉下來了?！緟⒖即鸢浮縡all down感官動詞和使役動詞后面做賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要省略to(help后的to可帶可不帶)。7.They dont agree with you and _他們不同意你的意見,我也不同意?！緟⒖即鸢浮縩eit

17、her do I.并列句中后面分句與前面分句的相同部分?？墒÷?。8.She was poor_她雖然窮但很誠實(shí)?！緟⒖即鸢浮縝ut honest.省略了：she was9.You are unhappy. Can you_?你不高興。能告訴我為什么嗎？【參考答案】tell me why省略了：you are unhappy以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,若有與前面主句重復(fù)的內(nèi)容,則可將重復(fù)內(nèi)容省略,只保留特殊疑問詞。10.Do you think it will rain？你認(rèn)為會下雨嗎？_.我猜會?！緟⒖即鸢浮縄 guess so當(dāng)用Im afraid,I think,I believe,I h

18、ope,I guess等做答句時,后面常用省略形式。常用表達(dá)：I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望不會。Im afraid so/not.恐怕如此/不是。I think/believe/guess/expect/suppose so.我認(rèn)為/相信/猜/希望/認(rèn)為是這樣的。11.He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl _she was clever.他告訴我她是一個漂亮的女孩,而且很聰明。【參考答案】and that在賓語從句中常省略連詞,但當(dāng)及物動詞之后跟兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時,只有第一個連詞that可省略12. He is

19、 one of the men_.他是我信任的人之一?！緟⒖即鸢浮?(whom) I can trust在限制性定語從句中做賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom可省略。13.This is the way_.這就是他的學(xué)習(xí)方法?！緟⒖即鸢浮?(that/in which)he studies; 修飾way的關(guān)系副詞that(in which)可以省略。14.He gave the same answer_.他給出的參考答案和以前(他給的)一樣?！緟⒖即鸢浮縜s(he had given) before在非正式用語中,關(guān)系代詞as后面的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)可省略。15.Unless necessar

20、y,youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要,否則你最好別查詞典?！緟⒖即鸢浮渴÷粤耍篿t is在時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中,如果其主語和主句的主語一致,或從句的主語是it且從句中謂語動詞包含be,常把從句的主語和be省略。第二題：語法填空。1Some of you may have finished unit one. If _,you can go on to unit two.2Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to th

21、e party, but she still hopes_3When _(complete),the museum will be open to the public next year.4Are you a volunteer now?No, but I used _(be). I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.5_ (shall) he come, the problem would be settled.6They landed safely on the island in the Pacific. Everything w

22、ent on better than _(expect)7.She hurriedly left the room as if _(anger)8.Children,when _(expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere will pick up the language much more easily.9Though _(warn) again and again, the young man still drove after drinking leading to his being fined.10.The professor paused

23、as if _(expect) his students to ask questions on the point he had just made.【參考答案】1.so2.to 3. completed4.to be5. Should6. expected7. angry8.exposed9. warned10. expecting第三題：用省略結(jié)構(gòu)改寫下列各句1When he was in America,he made many friends with students from different countries._a,he made many friends with students from different countries.2He wont attend the party even if he is