介詞加關系代詞引導定語從句

1、“介詞+關系代詞 ”引導的定語從句是定語從句的一種復雜形式，這類定語從 句的關系代詞主要有 which ,whom , whose ,它們既可以引導限定性定語從句，也 可以引導非限定性定語從句。關系代詞前該選用什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)不同的 語境、習語、慣用法等來決定。一介詞選擇的主要標準1. 介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習慣性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degreetowhichthey can be con trolled on purpose人類的面部表情和動物的面部表情就可控制的程度 來說是不一樣的

2、。 ( to a degree )Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief. 你昨天告訴我 的那個紳士被證明是個小偷。 ( tell sb. about sb./sth. )TheEnglishplayni whichmystudentsactedattheNewYear sparty was a greatsuccess那場在新年晚會上我學生參加表演的英語劇很成功。(in the play )Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessful in the

3、 jobsforwhichthey are bei ng trai ned.學校本身承認，并不是所有的孩子都能在他們 所接受的培訓的職業(yè)成功。 ( be trainedfor the job )2. 介詞與定語從句中的動詞是一種習慣性搭配Who is the man with whomour teacher is shak ing han ds?我 們的老師與之握手 的那個男士是誰？ ( shake hands with sb. )Last mon th , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods ,from3介 詞與定語從 句中的形容詞構成一種

4、習慣性的搭配Ours is a beautiful country ,of whichwe are greatly proud .我們的國家是一個美 麗的國家，我們?yōu)橹械胶茏院馈?( be proud of )The womanto whomSpielberg is married is an actress同斯皮爾伯格結婚的女人是一位演員。 (be married to )The West Lake ,for whichHa ngzhou is famous, is a beautiful plac西湖很美，杭 州以西湖而聞名。 （ be famous for ）The woma nto

5、whomhe was en gaged was a doctoi他 與之訂婚的那個女士是位 醫(yī)生。（be engaged to ）4. 有時關系代詞前用什么介詞，要根據(jù)句子的意思來決定，此時不但要注意 其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配I was a woman iunning towaid me in the daik. Befoie I couldiecognize who she was, she had iun back in the daik.Befoie I couldiecognize who she was , she had ian back in the directi onf

6、ro mwhichshe had come.看見一位婦女在黑暗中像我走來，我 還沒來得及認清她是誰，她已經(jīng)從她來的方向跑回去了。（如果僅注意先行 詞，很容易受習慣心里的影響而使用 in this direction 的搭配，但考慮到語境后 的come，則應該使用from。）He was educated at the local high school,after whichhe went on toBeiji ngU niversity.他在當?shù)匾凰咧猩蠈W，之后他上了北京大學。（after which 的意思就是 “在當?shù)匾凰咧薪邮芡杲逃?”）。In the office I nev

7、er seem to have time until after 5:30 pm.by 表達的影響而選 用介詞at,而應該依據(jù)整個句子的語意來確定介詞。）5. 表示“所有格 ”或“整體與部分關系 ”時，用介詞 ofThe journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,ofwhichthe sailing time was 226 days這次環(huán)球旅行老水手用了 9個月，其中航行的時間是 226天。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%

8、of which are sold abroad這個工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬雙鞋，其中的（指 50萬雙鞋）80%銷往海 外。I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studyingChinese in the school, mostof whomwere from Germa ny.我被告知這個學校有大約 50個外國學生 在學習中文，其中大多數(shù)來自德國。I have many frien ds,of whomsome are bus in essmen我 有很多朋友，其中有些 是生意人。二介詞不能提前的情況當關系代詞在定語從句中作介

9、詞的賓語時，介詞可以提前放在which (指事物不能用that)或者whom(指人不能用who)之前，也可放于原來的位置，但在 含有介詞的動詞固定短語中，由于動詞和介詞的關系比較緊密，一般不能將介 詞與動詞拆開而將介詞提到關系代詞之前。這類短語動詞有 listen to/lookat/dependon/takecareof/lookinto/breakinto/getridof/lookforward to 等。Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuXunusedtolivein.(=Thisistheroomin whichLu Xun used to live.)這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住

10、過的房間。The man1) Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of peopleataconcert,atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?2) Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompractising their musicin someone s house is the first step to fame.3) Later they may give performances in pu

11、bs or clubs, for which theyare paid in cash.4) Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5) However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,the Monkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongs like a real band.6) Theyproduced a n

12、ew record in 1996, with which theycelebratedtheir former time as a real band.“介詞+關系代詞 ”引導的定語從句，是定語從句一種介詞前置的定語從句句 型，介詞與關系代詞之間存在一種介賓關系。當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞 賓語時，把介詞置于關系代詞前，即演變出 “介詞+關系代詞”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本構成1. 介詞+關系代詞”結構引導的定語從句中

13、，關系代詞只能用which (指物)或 whom(扌旨人)，即： 介詞 +which/whom。( 1 ) The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.cartoons.注意：當介詞放在關系代詞的前面時，用在介詞后的關系代詞不能省略。2. 關系副詞when, where, why可用 介詞+ which來代替。關系副詞實際 上是介詞先行詞。其中when=表時間的介詞(如：in, at,on,during 等)+which;Where二表地點的介詞(如：in, at,on,under 等)+which;Why二表原因的介詞(如：for) +which(1) 當先

14、行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關系副詞when引導，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞+ which 來代替關系副詞 when。I still remember the day when I came here.( on theday =when)(2) 當先行詞表示地點，定語從句中缺少地點狀語時，通常用關系副詞 where 引導，此時也可選用表示地點的介詞+ which 來代替關系副詞 where。This is the house where I lived last year.( inthe house=where)(3) 當先行詞為reason,定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通

15、常用關系副詞why 引導，此時也可以用 for which 來代替關系副詞 why。There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for thereasons =why注意：1. 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開 ,介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如 : lookfor, look after, take care of， pay attention to, look forward to 等。 most, each, few 等 代詞或者數(shù)詞 ,表示先行詞的一部分或全部。He loves his parents deeply, both of w

16、hom are very kind to him.In the baskettherearequitemany apples,some of which havegonebad.二介詞的選擇根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系。Eg:Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?The school (which/that ) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學校很出名。2. 根據(jù)

17、從句中動詞與形容詞的搭配。The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：Eg:1949 was the year in which the P.R.C was founded.4. 根據(jù)從句的意義來確定介詞。My computer, without which I can t play computer games, brokedown yesterday 昨天我的電腦壞了，沒有它我不能玩電腦游戲。5. whose 可轉換為 “of 關+ 系代詞 ”型。They live in a house, wh

18、ose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. 三.填空練習1. This is the gun the hunter shot theantelope.3.He llneverforgetthedayhewasadmittedtotheOlympic Gamesfor the first time.4.ThemusicianswehavegreatinteresttouredEuropewith us.5. The