4724514950初中定語從句講解

1、 the attributive clause 定語從句定語從句 定語定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、 分詞分詞、不定式不定式、介詞短語介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞名詞。 (以以介詞短語、介詞短語、分詞為例）分詞為例） 例：例： the girl behind the tree is kate. the man driving too fast was drunk（喝醉的）（喝醉的）. 定語從句定語從句 在英語中，修飾在英語中，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的的句子句子叫定語從句。叫定語從句。 例：例：the girl who is behind th

2、e tree is kate. the man who was driving too fast was drunk. 關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句 q普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別 i have a sister.she works in shanghai. 代替 sister q普通代詞普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例：只起代替的作用（如上例she) i have a sister who/that works in shanghai. q關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞： （如上例（如上例who/that） 1.代替代替先行詞先行詞; 2.它還在定語從句中它還在定語

3、從句中擔(dān)任擔(dān)任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同時(shí)同時(shí)連接連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）（把主句和從句連起來） the building is our school. the building stands by the river. v 關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密 切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞， 所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。人稱、數(shù)

4、必須和先行詞一致。 the building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 定語從句定語從句 vwhich/that which/that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先 行詞行詞the building, the building, 同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語，同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語， 也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡單句連接也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡單句連接 起來。起來。 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 : v 首先，要看先行詞。首先，要看先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代

5、詞關(guān)系代詞 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系關(guān)系 代詞可用代詞可用which或或that; v 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表 先行詞先行詞 主格主格 賓格賓格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞先行詞所指先行詞所指 關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系詞在句中作用 關(guān)系關(guān)系 代詞代詞 that人人/物物主、賓、表主、賓、表 which物物 主、賓、表、定（偶）主、賓、表、定（偶） w

6、ho人人主、賓主、賓 whom人人賓賓 whose人人/物物定定 關(guān)系關(guān)系 副詞副詞 when時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語 where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語 why原因原因原因狀語原因狀語 最后，定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞和先行詞一致最后，定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞和先行詞一致. 注注:定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。 the woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)the woman is my mother. (敘述客觀事實(shí)敘述客觀事實(shí) 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (從句從句)the woman

7、 (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示過去時(shí)間表示過去時(shí)間) the tall the strong the clever boy the boy is tom. the boy who is tall is tom. the boy who is strong is tom the boy who is clever is tom the boy is tom. the boy is smiling. the boy is tom. the boy has a round face. the boy who i

8、s smiling is tom. (主語主語) the boy who has a round face is tom. the boy is tom. he sits in front of me. the boy who sits in front of me is tom. the man is kind. everyone likes him. the man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (賓語賓語) the woman got the job. we saw her on the street. the woman (whom) we saw on

9、 the street got the job. the teacher will give us a talk. we met the teacher yesterday. the teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語( (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略） the man( who) i talked with is our teacher. a person who steals things is called a thief. 2.whom2.w

10、hom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如如 介詞提前則不能省介詞提前則不能省) the man (whom/who) i talked to is mr. li. the man to whom i talked is mr. li. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 3.whose 3.whose 是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, , 它既可以它既可以 代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。 please show me the book . its cover is red. please show me the book whose cover is red. i saw

11、 a woman . her bag was stolen . i saw a woman whose bag was stolen. apple the red the green the small the big the apple which is red is mine. the apple which is green is yours. the apple which is red is small the apple which is green is big. can you find the pen? i wrote with it just now. can you fi

12、nd the pen with which i wrote just now? can you find the pen (which) i wrote with just now? 4.which 4.which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 ( (作賓作賓 語可省略語可省略, ,如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) ) these are the trees which were planted last year. the tv set (which) he bought yesterday is made in japan. is this the library (whic

13、h) you borrow books from? is this the library from which you borrow books? 1)this is the hero( whom) we are proud of. this is the hero of whom we are proud . this is the hero(that) we are proud of . 2)the room (that) i live in is very big. the room (which) i live in is very big. the room in which i

14、live is very big. 注意: 固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前介詞不能提前. 例如例如:look after,look at 關(guān)系代詞與介詞關(guān)系代詞與介詞: 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前 面時(shí)面時(shí),介詞賓語只能用介詞賓語只能用which代物代物, 用用whom 代人。代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí)介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略關(guān)系詞可以省略) the room where i live is very big. 定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng)定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng) 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用而不宜用which 1.從句所修飾的詞又被從句所

15、修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)或或序數(shù)序數(shù) 詞詞修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí) this is the most interesting story( that )i have ever heard. the first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行詞是先行詞是 something, nothing, anything等等 不定代詞不定代詞時(shí)時(shí) here is something( that) i will tell you. 3.先行詞既有先行詞既有人人也有也有物物時(shí)時(shí),只能用只能用that

16、 i can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) i see. 4.先行詞是先行詞是one of,the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修飾時(shí)作修飾時(shí) is it the one that you want ? i havent got much that i can offer you. 5.當(dāng)當(dāng)主句主句已有已有疑問詞疑問詞 who或或which時(shí)，用時(shí)，用 that who is

17、 the woman that was praised at the meeting? 注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行詞是先行詞是anyone, someone, those時(shí)，時(shí)， 關(guān)系詞使用關(guān)系詞使用who those who want to go to the great wall sign up here. is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 用用who there is an ol

18、d man who wants to see you. there are many young men who are against him. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系 代詞一樣代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞在從句中代替先行詞,在句中在句中作狀語作狀語。 where:在從句中作在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn)指代地點(diǎn). when: 在從句中作在從句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語,指代時(shí)間。指代時(shí)間。 1.the hotel wasnt clean. + we stayed at the hotel. the hotel wher

19、e we stayed wasnt clean. the hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. the hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean. 2.ill never forget the day. i joined the party on that day. ill never forget the day when i joined the party. ill never forget the day on which i joined the party . 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. this is the job

20、 _they laughed at. a.which b.as c.it d.who 2. beihai park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. a.where was b.that were c.which was d.where 3. who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? a.we saw him b.we saw c.we saw who d.she was seen 4. the man _is painting the house is my uncle.

21、 a.heb.whom c.whose d.who 5. what is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? a.who b.whose c.its d.which a c b d b 6. this book is for the students _mother language isnt english. a.that b.of whom c.whose d.whos 7. the robbers shouted, “hands up!ill shoot anyone _moves!” a.whom b.that c.who d.who

22、se 8.the dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. a.which b.for which c.on which d.about which 9the boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. a.whose b.who c.his d./ 10.the man_ is smoking is a bus driver. a. whom b.who c. which d. what c c a a b 1. this is the bag _ my mother

23、 bought yesterday. a. thatb. who c. whom d. this 2. the man _ lives next to us is my english teacher. a. whom b. which c. whod. / 3. the girl _ you saw in the street is mary. a. thatb. whose c. whichd. as 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 4. is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? a. the oneb. which c

24、. who d. whom 5. is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? a. the one b. that c. which d. / 6. the only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. a. whichb. that c. /d. it 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 7. the girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. a. whichb. in w

25、hich c. thatd. all 8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. a. that b. who c. the one who d. the students who 9. please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. a. whichb. whom c. whose d. this 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 10. this is the best book _ i have been looking for all this year. a. whob. whom c. whic

26、h d. / 11. this is the only article of these that _ written by him. a. wasb. were c. isd. are 12. the man _ was here just now is a doctor. a. whomb. who c. /d. he 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 13. the boy _ has two lovely dogs. a. who live next door b. which lives next door c. whom lives next door d. that lives next

27、 door 14. those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. a. whichb. whom c. thatd. who 15. the farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. a. when b. where c. that d. at that 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 16. he is the most careful boy _ i know. a. whatb. which c. as d. ./ 17.

28、this is the school _ mr. smith once taught. a. in thatb. when c. whered. there 18. have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? a. whereb. in that c. that d. which 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 19. the factory _ mr. li used to work was closed last week. a. whenb. where c. thatd. which 20. do you still

29、 remember the day _ we first met? a. thatb. when c. what d. on that 定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí) 21. october 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. a. when b. that c. whered. in which 22. october 1,1949 was the day _ the peoples republic of china was founded. a. whichb. when c. whered. in which 23. is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? a. whichb. w