英文寫作中怎樣避免用詞的重復

1、英文寫作中怎樣避免用詞的重復?在英語的文章中，我們可以看到，除了表示強調(diào)或為了避免意義的含糊外，同一個詞或短語很少在同一個句子中連續(xù)使用，有時，在一個句群或段落中也避免重復使用相同的詞。避免詞匯重復是英語句子的又一特點。這一特點最明顯的標志是，英語代詞的使用頻率遠遠高于漢語。英語主要是通過使用代詞、同義詞、近義詞和省略等手段來避免重復。1 使用代詞回避重復這是最普通，也是常見的一種方法。Can you mend this table? I broke it yesterday .你會修理這張桌子嗎？昨天我把它弄壞了。When the entered, each was given a smal

2、l present.孩子們進來時，每人都得到一份小禮物。2. 用同義詞避免重復這里說的同義詞是一個比較寬泛的概念。它包括范疇詞、相近詞(n ear-s ynon ym)和派生詞等。Then they went on with of the peak . The climb was an extremely difficult one然后他們繼續(xù)向頂峰攀登，這是一次極難的攀登。這是一個很典型的例子。如果第一次用來表達概念的詞不太常見，不太通俗易懂，那么第二次需要重提此概念時，作者往往用一個簡單的字眼。如：第二句就用了同義詞climb來替代ascent這個較冷僻的詞，既避免了重復，又解釋了了asc

3、ent的意義。The m a beautiful behavior tha n a beautiful form.mers onPeople want to know how much you care before they care how much you know.ames Hi ndThere are lots of people who mistake their imag in ati on for their memory.osh Billi ngsTo err is huma n, to forgive, divi ne.opeWhat we all tend to comp

4、lain about most in other people are those things we don ” tike about ourselves.illiam Whart onThe greatest of faults is to be con scious of none.homas CarlyleOptimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolish ness.heodore RooseveltIt ” s the nature of folly to see the

5、faults of others and forget his own.iceroFools admire, but men of sense approve.opeThe miracle is this-the more we share, the more we have.eonard NimoyBlessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall n ever be disappo in ted.opeThere is a limit at which forbeara nee ceases to be a virtue.dmund BurkeH

6、e who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a frie nd loses more; but he who loses courage loses all.erva ntes首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題(stick or hold to the topic)，這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性 (unity)。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，

7、而是有機的組合， 句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth)，這就是連貫性(coherenee)。下面我們就對這三個標準分別加以說明。1. 統(tǒng)一性一個段落內(nèi)的各個句子必須從屬于一個中心，任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：Joe and I decided to take the long trip we d always wan ted across the coun try. WFikevereyoung kids buying our camper and stock ing it with all the n ecessities

8、of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spri ng from Minn eapolis and headed west across the northern part of the coun try. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retireme nt dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the

9、warm souther n regi ons very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea (中心思想)是 take the long trip across thecountry。文中出現(xiàn)兩個 irrelevant sentences，一個是 Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段 是講的是Joe and I，中間出現(xiàn)一個 Bella是不合適的。還有， Joe received a watch at his retirement din

10、ner這一句更是與主題句不相關?？忌谒募壗y(tǒng)考的作文卷上常常因為造出 irrelevant sentences (不相關語句)而丟分，值得引起注意。再看一個例子：My n ame is Rosea nna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hun dred poun ds,but I jo ined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty poun ds. I feel much better and n e

11、ver want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame aga in. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lift ing twen ty-po und weights and play ing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.本段的 con troll ing idea 是 like to deep

12、 physically fit，但段中有兩個irreleva nt senten ces，一個是 I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是 My mother was a premature baby。從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來 irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。2. 完整性正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現(xiàn)，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的

13、交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concen trates your thoughts on a con crete task. Besides, it is more useful to work - you produce someth ing rather than more an xiety or depressi on.本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什么是a mi

14、 nd in turmoil H(心境不平靜) Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什么它能起 therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。由于四級統(tǒng)考的作文部分只要求寫一篇100120個詞的三段式短文，每一段只有大約40個詞左右，因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousa nd words. Often writi ng is much clearer tha n a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure ou

15、t what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always expla in it.段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內(nèi)容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話， 就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousa nd words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can t swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better offto hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming“ Help ” ?引導段1、主題句必須是可辯論的，不能