主題句展開的模式.ppt

,主題句展開的模式三水中學郭春霞,Teachingaims(教學目標):,掌握根據(jù)不同的寫作要點，選擇不同的模式圍繞段落主題句展開論述的技巧。,拓展主題句主要有以下幾種模式：1、_。（適用于寫_）你讀后的感受（誠信的重要性）Thereisnodoubtthatitisimportanttobehonest.Itsobviousthatanhonestpersonwilldefinitelywinrespectfromothersrespect,whichisofgreatimportanceinourstudyanddailylife,letaloneinthebusinessworld.However,adishonestpersonwilllosehisfameandtrustfromotherssoonerorlater.Nomatterhowintelligentheis,dishonestywillruinhisfuture.,正反式,.的重要性,2、_。(適用于寫_)如談論“兒童肥胖的不良影響”，可以從_進而從_談論肥胖對兒童造成的不良影響。Asfarasweknow,obesechildrentendtoeatalotbuttheytakelittleexercise;asaresult,theyoftenfallilleasily.Besides,becauseoftheirappearance,theyhavelessconfidenceinthemselves,whichleadstoisolationanddepression.,身體上,精神上,遞進式,.的影響,3、_。（適用于寫_）如談論個人對網上購物的看法。一方面利用正反式談論其_和_，另一方面利用_式分別談論其優(yōu)點和缺點。Ononehand,onlineshoppinghasitsadvantages.Firstly,itismuchcheaper.AsfarasImconcerned,onlinestoresofferloverpricestothecustomersandsomedontchargedeliveryfeeifwebuymorethanone.Secondly,itismoreconvenientascustomersneedntwalktostoreafterstoreforwhattheylike.Anditiseasierforthemtocompareproductsonline.,缺點,優(yōu)點,列舉式,列舉,.的利和弊,4、_。（適用于寫_）指圍繞對事物起決定作用的相關_來談論問題。如就“如何減少交通事故”的主題談論人們應該如何避免交通事故，我們就可以圍繞造成交通事故的相關因素如_和_來談論如何避免。Whatcanwedotoavoidtrafficaccidents?Astodrivers:keeptheiremotionsundercontrol;respectothersAstowalkers/pedestriansandcyclists:strictlyobeythetrafficrules;valuetheirownlives,司機,因素,相關式,行人,Whatcanwedotoavoidtrafficaccidents?Astodrivers,theyshouldkeeptheiremotionsundercontrolandrespectothers.Astopedestriansandcyclists,theyshouldstrictlyobeythetrafficrulesandvaluetheirownlives.,.的措施/如何,5、_。（適用于寫_）你對考試作弊的看法。（2011揭陽二模）(主題)Inmyopinion,thisphenomenonwillhaveaverybadeffectonmiddleschoolstudentsstudyhabit.()Thosewhousuallycheatinexamswillnevertreatstudyseriouslyagainbecausetheybelievetheywillalwaysgetgoodmarkswithoutworkinghard.Thosewhonevercheatinexamswillconsideritsunfairforthem,thinkingstudyinghardisnotnecessary.,細化主題句,細化,.的影響,6、_。你對國家“禁止商場免費提供塑料袋”的看法（2008深圳一模）。(主題)Itisnecessaryforthegovernmenttoforbidshopsfromofferingfreeplasticbags.()Withthisban,shoppingcustomerswouldgraduallyformahabitofbringingenvironmentally-friendlybagswiththemsothattheconsumptionofplasticbagswouldbegreatlyreduced.,說明結果或后果,結果,(適用于_),為什么贊同/反對某做法或持某一看法,7、_。你是否贊同Dr.Gibbs的做法(不給樹木澆水，讓樹木自然成長)。（2011六校聯(lián)考）(主題)IcantagreemorewithDr.Gibbswayofplantingtrees()forthereasonthattoomuchcarewouldspoilthetreesincetheywoulddependonDr.Gibbscare.Oncetheyhadlostthecare,theirsurvivalabilitywaslost,too.,闡明理由,理由,(適用于寫_),為什么贊同/反對某做法或持某一看法又或有某一感受,8、_。以你自己或他人成長的某次經歷，說明父母過度照顧對子女的影響。（2010廣州一模）(引出經歷)Itremindsmeofanexperienceinmygrowth.(敘述經歷)WhenIgraduatedfrommiddleschool,Iparticipateinasummercamp,whichrequiredmetogotoamountainfarawayfrommyhomeforafewdays.Duringthecamp,Ifoundmyselfafailureindealingwiththeordinarythingssuchasputtingupmycampandlightingthefire.Thisisbecausemyparentsalwaysdideverythingformeinthepast.(結論)Itmademeawarethatmyparentsoverprotectionhadweakenedmyabilitytocopewithsomeincidents.,敘述經歷,經歷必須緊扣主題,最后用一句話重申主題。,(適用于_),要求寫經歷來說明,9、_。(主題)Everycoinhastwosidesandentertain-mentmediaisnoexception.Nobodycandenythatentertainmentmediaisagreatsourceoflearningmaterial.(例子)OurEnglishteachersoftenuseEnglishTVshowsorEnglishsongsasteachingmaterials.Moreover,entertainmentmediaprovidesuswithconvenientwayforcommunication.(例子)Forexample,mostofmyclassmateskeepintouchthroughQQorWechatduringholidays.However,itmaydoharmtousifwedontuseitproperly.(例子)AstudentinFudanUniveristywasreportedtogiveuphisstudybecauseofplayingtoomanyvideogames.,(適用于_),要求列舉例子來說明,舉例證明,舉例說明娛樂媒體的利與弊。,正反式,遞進式,列舉式,相關式,細化主題句,說明結果或后果,1)你認為建設綠色校園應該采取哪些措施2)自信的重要性3)就“壓力對學生的影響”發(fā)表自己的看法。4)你認為父母是否該對孩子養(yǎng)成良好習慣負責。,闡明理由,舉例證明,活學活用,你認為建設綠色校園應該采取哪些措施.(_),Asfortheschool,itshouldplantmoretreesandflowersaswellasmakerulesandregulationstopreventstudentsdoingsomethingharmtoourgreencampus.Asforstudents,theyshouldtakesomeclassestoraisetheirawareness.Idontdoubtthatourcampuswillbemorebeautifulifweworktogether.,相關式,Inordertobuildagreencampus,weneedtotakethefollowingsteps.,2)自信的重要性Self-confidenceplaysanimportantroleineverythingwedo.,(正反式),Ifyouarefullofself-confidence,itwillbringyoucreativepowertothink,arouseyourenthusiasmforworkandhelpyouovercomedifficulties.Asaresult,yourdreamswillcometrue.Onthecontrary,ifyouhavenoconfidenceinyourself,thereislittlepossibilitythatyouwilleverachieveanything.Failurewillbefollowingyou.,3)就“壓力對學生的影響”發(fā)表自己的看法。（2007珠海調研）(_)Itisobviousthattoomuchpressureisharmfultousstudents.,Inaddition,undergreatpressure,mostofus,havedifficultyinconcentratingonourstudy,feelingexhausted.,Firstofall,wealwaysfeelsoworriedthatwecantsleepwellandhavenoappetite,causingustofallilleasily.,遞進式,Asweknow,pressurenotonlyruinsourhealthbutalsodestroysourmotivationforstudy.,4)你認為父母是否該對孩子養(yǎng)成良好習慣負責。（2007潮州二模）(_),AsfarasIamconcerned,parentsshouldberesponsibleforhelpingchildrendevelopgoodhabits.,闡明理由,Thereasonsareasfollows:first,itiscommonlyheldthatparentsarethefirstteachersoftheirchildren.Second,parentsdutiesincludenotonlyprovidingfoodandclothing,butalsoknowledgeandcommonsenserequiredtogoonwellinsociety.,(5)談談學校里的浪費現(xiàn)象。(_),列舉式,(主題)Wecanseesuchkindofbehaviorarounduseveryday.,Veryoftenwecomeacrossanemptyclassroomwithlightsstillon.Besides,itsnotdifficulttofindevidenceofwastingwater.Inaddition，somethrowawaythesoftdrinkbottles,usedexercisepapersandbooks,whichshouldberecycled.Worsestill,othersusenon-environmentallunchboxes,causing“WhitePollution”.,(6)互聯(lián)網給人們生活帶來的影響；(_),細化主題,可將影響細化為：1)提供最新信息2)改變交流方式3)網上購物，方便快捷。,(主題)ThereisnodoubtthatsurfingtheInternetdoesaffectpeopleslife.,TheInternetnotonlyprovidespeoplewithamountsoflatestinformation,butalsochangesthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Besides,theInternetenablespeopletogoshoppingathomeeasilyandconveniently.,(7)舉例說明堅持目標的重要性；(_),舉例證明,(主題)Therearecountlesscelebritieswhosticktotheirgoalswhenfacingdifficulties.,(舉例)TakeShiTiesheng,afamousChinesewriter,forexample.Withstrongwillpower,henevergaveintodisabilityandfinallycreatedlotsofmarvelousworks,whichearnedhimagreatsuccess.AnotherconvincingexampleisLiuWei,anarmlesspianist.Ifhehadgivenuptrying,neverwouldhehaveovercomehisdisabilityandwontheChinasTalentShow.(結論)Fromtheseexamples,wecandrawaconclusionthatitisstickingtogoalsthatplaysanimportantroleontheroadtosuccess.,(1)你或你同學的留堂經歷；(_)ThisremindsmeofmyfriendLiHuasexperienceinprimaryschool.,Oneday,hetalkedwithanotherclassmateinclasswhentheteacherwasgivingalesson.Althoughtheteacherhadwarnedhimseveraltimes,hedidnotpayanyattentionbutcontinuedhisconversation.Asaresult,hehadtostayforanextrahourafterschool,reflectingonwhathehaddoneinclass.,超級仿寫：（2011佛山一模）以約120詞就對留堂這一做法進行議論，內容包括:,敘述經歷,(2)你對留堂制度的看法；(_)Inmyopinion,detentionhasitsadvantagesineducatingmisbehavedstudents.,Foronething,withthedetentionpolicy,westudentswilllearnthatweshouldberesponsibleforourbehavior.Foranother,thepolicycanmakeusfinishourhomeworkontime,whichisgoodforouracademicdevelopment.,列舉式,(3)其它督促學生認真學習的辦法。(_)However,thereareotherwaystomakestudentsworkhard.,Forexample,teacherscanrewarduswithsmallgiftsifwedoagoodjob.Besides,studentscanbedividedintogrouptocomparewitheachothersothatwewillworkharder.,列舉式,超級仿寫：以約120詞就“朋友和家人”進行議論，內容包括:(1)朋友、家人在人們生活中的重要性;(_),Thereisnodoubtthatfamilyandfriendsplayanimportantroleinourlife.,正反式,Whenwegetsick,theywilltakegoodcareofus.Whatsmore,iffacedwithanydifficultythatwecantdealwith,wecantalktothem,askingthemforadvice,whichmayhelpusout.Withoutfamilyorfriends,wewouldfeellonelyandhelplesswhenmeetingwithtroubles.,(2)朋友、家人能給你帶來什么；(_),Familyandfriendscannotonlybringushappinessandjoybutalsogiveussupportandencouragement.,Whenfree,wecangathertoenjoythesparetimeandamuseeachother.Whenwefeeldepressed,itistheircompanyandcomfortthatgivesuswarmthandcheersusup.Whenweareintrouble,theyofferusadvicetohelpusgothroughthedifficulttimeinourlife.,細化主題,(3)應該如何與朋友、家人保持良好的關系.,Inordertokeepagoodrelationshipwithourfamilyandfriends,wearesupposedtokeepintouchwiththemfrequently.,Forexample,weshouldbeconcernedaboutthembyvisitingorcallingthemupifwehavetime.Sometimes,writinganemailorsendingtextmessagesaregoodchoices.Onlywhenweliveinharmonywithourfamilyandfriendscanwestayhealthyandenjoyalongerlife.,讀寫任務專題（一）-說明重要性典例：責任心的重要性模板：提出觀點Responsibilityisessentialtous.論證(正面)Itnotonlyrepresentsonesnoblequality,butalsoenablesonetobesteady-going.Beingresponsible,youwillgainmanypreciousthings,suchastruelove.(反面)Withoutresponsibility,however,youwillbeanannoyanceandcantdoanythingsuccessfully.Whatsworse,peoplewilllosebeliefinyouifyouareirresponsible.總結Inshort,onlywhenweareresponsiblewillweberespectedandlovedbyothers.特點：提出觀點-論證（正面/反面）-總結說明某事物的重要性是讀寫任務常考的寫作要點,寫作時,首先指出該事物非常重要,然后緊接著說明其之所以重要的理由,也可通過舉實例來說明其重要性。可以只從正面進行論證,也可正反兩方面來論證;最后,還可以用一兩句話作總結。一、句式模板(1)Idothinkhandwritingisstillimportanttoday.我的確認為書法在今天依然是重要的。(2)Hobbiesandinterestsplayanimportantroleinonesgrowing.興趣和愛好在人們的成長過程中起著重要作用。(3)Ithinkitisveryimportantforparentstocultivatetheirchildrensindependence.Firstly,.Secondly,.Finally,.對家長來說，培養(yǎng)孩子的獨立性非常重要。首先其次最后(4)Protectingwaterisofgreatimportancetothelifeinthefuture.Firstandforemost,.Secondly,.Onlybyprotectingourvaluablewaterresource,canwe.保護水對未來生活非常重要。首先其次只有保護珍貴的水資源,我們才能(5)Modestyisofgreatsignificanceinourlife.謙遜在我們生活中有著重要的意義。(6)Itisofgreatimportancetodo.做.非常重要。二、超級仿寫1.說明目標的重要性。提出觀點Inmyview,goalsarecrucialinguidingourlives.論證Tobeginwith,asgoalsoftengowithhopes,theyhavethemagictoenableustobepositivetowardsupsanddowns.Moreover,bearinggoalsinmind,wearelesslikelytobeblindtotheidealsofourlifeandwontdeviatefromnormaltrack.Finally,asgoalsarewhatwearelongingfor,theythuscanmotivateustostriveforgreaterachievement.總結Sincegoalsaresosignificanttoourlives,itisworthwhileforusstudentstosetupgoalsandaccomplishthemwitheveryeffort.2.說明書法的重要性。Despitethefactthatcomputerisveryconvenienttous,提出觀點Idothinkhandwritingisstillimportanttoday.正面Goodhandwritingwillsurelyleaveothersagoodimpression;italsocanrepresentyourpersonalityandattitude.反面Peoplewithterriblehandwritingwillbeeasilyconsideredascarelessandirresponsibleguys.3.讀寫任務閱讀下面短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。Asweallknow,abetterresultofstudycanbebroughtbyabetterstudyenvironment.Asaresult,itisnecessaryforustobuildthegreencampus.Thegreencampuscannotonlyprovideagoodenvironmentforourstudy,butalsobeapartinbuildingharmonioussocietyThegreencampusisnotonlyenvironmentalgreen,butalsospiritualgreen,whichmeansweshouldhelpeachotherorcareforeachother.Therefore,weshouldbeautifythecampus.Asstudents,weenjoythecampustimewhilewehaveresponsibilitytobuildourgreencampus.Inspiritualterm,weshouldrespectteachers,classmatesandotherpeoplewhoworkfortheschool.Inenvironmentalterm,weshouldhavegoodhabitstokeepcampusinacleansurrounding.寫作內容1.以約30個詞概括上文中的主要內容；2.然后以約120個詞就學生會舉辦“建設綠色校園征文活動”的主題談談你的理解,要點包括：(1)建設綠色校園的重要性；(2)你認為建設綠色校園應該采取哪些措施？寫作要求1.在作文中可使用自己的親身經歷或虛構的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子;2.標題自定。評分標準概括準確,語言規(guī)范,內容合適,篇章連貫,提出觀點Thereisnodoubtthatresponsibilityisessentialtous.論證(正面)Itnotonlyrepresentsonesnoblequality,butalsoenablesonetobesteady-going.Beingresponsible,youwillgainmanypreciousthings,suchastrustandtruelove.(反面)Withoutresponsibility,however,youwillbeanannoyanceandcantdoanythingsuccessfully.Whatsworse,peoplewilllosebeliefinyouifyouareirresponsible.總結Inshort,onlywhenweareresponsiblewillweberespectedandlovedbyothers.,5)責任心的重要性,（正反式）,（闡明理由）,6)你讀完這個故事(目標的重要性)的感受。,Afterreadingthearticle,Iwasdeeplyinspiredbysuchastory,asitmakesmerealizethepowerofagoalinachievingonessuccessandgivesmestrengthtopursuemygoal,despitethehardshipsIamtogothrough.,（3）建設“國際生態(tài)學?！?，您該做點什么？,TobuildoursanEco-school,firstImusteducatemyschoolmatestobemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Thenwecanstartfromdoingsomesmallthings,suchascollectinguseditemsforrecycling,turningoffthelights,savingwater.Alwaysrememberourresponsibilities,and“Everylittlecounts!”,_。(引出事例)Thereisnodoubtthatpatienceplaysanimportantroleinthesuccessofsomefamouspeople.(例子)Forexample,ifThomasEdisondidnthavepatience,hecouldnthavebecomeagreatinventorandhavehadmorethantwothousandinventions.AndifSiMaqiandidnthavepatience,hecouldnthavefinishedhisgreatwork,thefamousbookShiJi.(重申主題)Thesestorieshavetaughtmanypeopletheimportanceofpatience.,(適用于_),要求列舉例子來說明,舉例證明,列舉自己或名人的例子說明你的領悟(耐心的重要性),例子必須緊扣主題,最后用一句話重申主題。,閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。Whenalionwasasleep,alittlemousebeganrunningupanddownbesidehimandmadesomenoise.Thissoonwakethelion.Losinghistemper,hecaughtthemouseinhispawsandwasabouttokillit.Themouse,terrified,pleadedtotheliontospareitslife.“Pleaseletmego,”itcried,“andonedayIwillrepayyouforyourkindness.”Theideaofsosmallacreatureeverbeingabletodoanythingforhimamusedthelionsomuchthathelaughedaloud.Hethought,“Howcouldthislittlemousehelpme?”However,heliftedhispawsandletitgo.,Butthemouseschancecameafterall.Afewdayslater,whenthelionwaswanderingintheforest,hewascaughtinatrap.Thehunterswantedtotakehimalivetotheking,sohetiedhimtoatree,andwentawaytolookforawagon.Justthenthelittlemousepassedby,andsawthesadlion.Itwentuptohimandsoongnawedaway(啃斷)theropes.“WasIright?”askedthelittlemouse.Thislionnoddedhisheadandthankedthelittlemouse.寫作要求1.以約30詞概括短文的內容要點；,Amousebeggedanlion,whowaswokenupbythemouse,tosparehislife.Later,themousehelpedthelionbygnawingtheropes.,2.以約120個詞就“勿以善小而不為”的主題發(fā)表看法,至少包含以下內容要點：(1)該故事給你什么啟示？(2)你認為生活中的小善舉能帶來大作用嗎？(3)請舉例說明。,Afterreadingthisstory,Icametorealizethatpeopleshouldneverignorethedeedofsmallkindness.Smallgooddeedssometimesmaygetbigreturnsormakeagreatdifference!,(2)你認為生活中的小善舉能帶來大作用嗎？(3)請舉例說明。,要證明的觀點Ifullyagreethattrivialthingsplayanimportantpartinourlife.引出例子Suchexamplescanbeseeneasilyinourdailylife.Agoodcaseinpointis,aswecansee,awordofencouragementfromasincereteacheroftenchangesa