文登英語 六級預測翻譯(10篇).pdf

Part IV Translation 30 minutes Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2 1 中醫(yī)是中國輝煌的傳統(tǒng)文化之一 它是一門涉及人體生理 physiology 病理 pathology 診斷 治療和 疾病預防的科學 中醫(yī)有著幾千年的歷史 它的起源可追溯至遠古時代 在長期與疾病的斗爭中 中醫(yī)演變并形 成了一套獨特且完整的理論體系 2 000多年前出現(xiàn)的 黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng) Huangdi s Classic on Medicine 是中國現(xiàn)存 的最早醫(yī)學名著 秦漢時期的 神農(nóng)本草 Shen Nong s Herbal 是中國最早的藥物學專著 明朝著名的內(nèi)科醫(yī) 生及藥師李時珍撰寫了 本草綱目 The Compendium of Materia Medica 這些著作對中國乃至全世界醫(yī)藥學 的發(fā)展作出了巨大的貢獻 Traditional Chinese medicine one of China s splendid cultural heritages is the science dealing with human physiology pathology diagnosis treatment and prevention of diseases Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of several thousand years Its origin can be traced back to remote antiquity In a long course of struggling against diseases traditional Chinese medicine evolved into a unique and integrated theoretical system More than 2 000 years ago Huangdi s Classic on Medicine which is the earliest extant medical classic in China came out Shen Nong s Herbal during the Qin and the Han dynasties is the earliest book on pharmacology in China Li Shizhen a famous physician and pharmacologist in the Ming dynasty wrote The Compendium of Materia Medica These books are great contributions to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world 2 中國的 面子 The concept of face can be described as someone s social status or reputation in the eyes of others Throughout a Chinese person s life it must be maintained and enhanced by both words and actions Guanxi literally means face 是指某個人在他人眼中的社會地位和名聲 中國人的一生都必須用語言和行動相 互維護和提升面子 中國的 關(guān)系 Guanxi 本質(zhì)上就是個人利益的聯(lián)系 互相幫忙 互相恩惠 和西方 社會的人際網(wǎng)絡類似 家人 朋友和商業(yè)伙伴的關(guān)系經(jīng)常緊密交織 中國的中庸之道 the Doctrine of the Mean 是指個人保持跟群體的一致與和諧 中國人最理想的生活狀態(tài)就是既中庸又能實現(xiàn)個人目標 工作中也是如 此 員工要做到既不野心勃勃 又不懶惰懈怠 connections or relationship for personal interests You scratch my back I ll scratch yours It can be compared with the idea of networking in the West Relationships between family friends and business associates are often closely interwoven Known as the Doctrine of the Mean this concept involves balancing one s position among a group to maintain conformity and a sense of harmony To do this while still achieving one s personal objectives is considered by the Chinese people the ideal way of living This can be applied to the workplace where one should behave in a way which is seen to be neither ambitious nor lazy at the same time 3 中國畫 traditional Chinese painting 是用毛筆 墨及顏料 pigment 在宣紙 Xuan paper 或 絹 silk 上畫出的畫 中國畫與中醫(yī) 京劇一起 被譽為中國的 三大國粹 three quintessence of Chinese culture 中國畫按內(nèi)容主要分為人物畫 山水畫 花鳥畫三大類 戰(zhàn)國時 中國已經(jīng)有了比較成熟的人物畫 唐朝時 達到了頂峰 山水畫是表現(xiàn)山川美景的畫種 花鳥畫畫的是自然界中的花卉 鳥獸 魚蟲 中國畫是詩 書 calligraphy 畫 印 seal carving 相結(jié)合的藝術(shù) 因此 它不僅能美化人們的生活 而且能給人們帶來 高雅的情趣和藝術(shù)的享受 Traditional Chinese painting is the art of painting on a piece of Xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush that was soaked with black ink or coloured pigments It is regarded as one of the three quintessence of Chinese culture the other two being traditional Chinese medicine and Peking Opera By subject traditional Chinese painting can be classified into three types figure painting landscape painting and flowers and birds painting Figure painting came into maturity as early as the Warring States Period and reached its peak during the Tang Dynasty Landscape painting delineates the outside scenery Flowers and birds painting concentrates on the drawing of flowers birds animals fishes and insects etc Traditional Chinese painting is an art form combining poetry calligraphy painting and seal carving Thus traditional Chinese painting not only beautifies people s life but also brings decorous sentiment and artistic enjoyment for people 4 風水 Fengshui 是中國建筑中的一個特殊的傳統(tǒng) 是古人對空間的布置與安排方法 其目的是為了體 現(xiàn)建筑與環(huán)境的和諧共存 風水的字面意思就是 風和水 風水通常將選址 設計 建筑直到內(nèi)部和外部裝 修的整個過程聯(lián)系在一起 它將天 地 人三者融為一體 并且在所選的地址 方位 自然法則和人之間尋 求和諧 它反對人對自然的破壞 強調(diào)人與環(huán)境的共處 這種狀態(tài)被稱為是完美的 神秘的 Fengshui a special Chinese tradition in architecture is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment Fengshui is literally translated as wind and water It usually links the whole process from site selection designing construction to interior and exterior decoration It combines the trinity of the Heaven the Earth and humans and seeks harmony among selected site orientation natural doctrine and humans It repulses human destruction of nature and stresses cohabitation with the environment which is regarded as perfect and mysterious 5 秦始皇是中國歷史上一位很有作為的皇帝 他生前動用了大量人力 物力為自己修造陵墓 秦陵兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 就是為陪葬這位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶馬 秦始皇陵兵馬俑被發(fā)現(xiàn)于1974 年 三個兵馬俑坑 terracotta figurines pits 占地約20 000多平方米 8 000多個與真人真馬一般大小的陶俑陶 馬 排列成整齊的方陣 再現(xiàn)了秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國時兵強馬壯的雄偉軍陣 秦始皇陵兵馬俑被稱作世界第八大 奇跡 The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty known as Qing Shi Huang made great achievements in Chinese history While still alive he mobilized huge manpower and used a great deal of materials to build his tomb The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were made as burial objects to accompany the emperor in the after world They were first discovered in 1974 Archaeologists had unearthed some 8 000 lifelike soldiers and horses from three terracotta figurines pits occupying about 20 000 square metres Standing in formation they indicate the powerful array of troops of Qin Shi Huang when he unified China They are regarded as the eighth wonder of the world 6 武則天是中國歷史上空前絕后的唯一一位女皇帝 她創(chuàng)造了中國歷史的奇跡 她是中國歷史上杰出的政 治家 軍事家 同時也是一位詩人 武則天出生于唐朝的大戶人家 她擁有蓋世的美麗和絕頂?shù)穆斆?并喜 歡讀書 童年時曾隨父母游歷了名山大川 這培養(yǎng)了她的眼界和才干 她14歲入宮 在經(jīng)歷了很多坎坷和磨 難之后 終于當上了皇后 690年 武則天改國號 the title of the dynasty 唐為周 正式做了皇帝 她執(zhí)政期 間 經(jīng)濟 文化繁榮發(fā)展 邊疆穩(wěn)固 人民生活幸福 Wu Zetian the only female emperor in Chinese history created the miracle of Chinese history She was an outstanding politician strategist as well as a poet in Chinese history Born in a wealthy family in Tang Dynasty she was the most beautiful and intelligent of her time and she also liked reading She had visited famous mountains and great rivers with her parents when she was a child which had broadened her horizon and developed her talents She was sent to the palace when she was 14 After many difficulties and hardships she became the empress finally In 690 Wu Zetian changed the title of the dynasty Tang to Zhou and became the emperor herself During her reign the economy and culture developed rapidly the frontier got stable and people led a happy life 7 13 公元960年 宋朝建立 后統(tǒng)一了中國大部分地區(qū) 宋朝的統(tǒng)治者建立了有效的中央集權(quán)制 廣泛任 用民間的學術(shù)文人 地方的軍事官員及其黨羽都被中央任命的官員所替代 宋朝在城市發(fā)展方面是非常顯著 的 這不單指其在管理上的職能 而且還包括其作為貿(mào)易 工業(yè)和海上貿(mào)易的中心的職能 在文化上 宋朝 發(fā)展了歷史文獻 繪畫 書法及堅硬光滑的瓷器等 In 960 Song Dynasty was founded and later it reunified most of China The rulers of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar officials Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials The Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade industry and maritime commerce Culturally the Song refined historical writings painting calligraphy and hard glazed porcelain etc 8 清朝是中國的最后一個封建王朝 它由滿族人 Manchus 建立 是中國歷史上第二個由非漢族人創(chuàng)建 的統(tǒng)一王朝 滿族人以前也被稱為女 真 Jurchen 他們居住在明朝境內(nèi)東北部 長城關(guān)外 在努爾哈赤 Nurhaci 統(tǒng)一女真各部落并建立了一個獨立的部落之后 他們成為了明朝晚期的主要威脅 滿族人聯(lián)合明朝的將軍吳 三桂打下了北京 并將其作為清朝的首都 在這之后他們繼續(xù)南下剿滅 subdue 明朝的殘余反抗勢力 在 滿族征戰(zhàn)中國的過程 1618 1683 中 總共造成了2500萬人喪生 The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China Founded by the Manchus it was the second non Han Chinese dynasty that ruled the whole country The Manchus were formerly known as Jurchen residing in the northeastern part of the Ming territory outside the Great Wall They emerged as the major threat to the late Ming Dynasty after Nurhaci had united all Jurchen tribes and established an independent one The Manchu allied with the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui to seize Beijing which was made the capital of the Qing Dynasty and then proceeded to subdue the remaining Ming s resistance in the south 9 中國自1978年實行改革開放的政策 the Reform and Opening up Policy 以來 經(jīng)濟獲得了持續(xù)快速的發(fā) 展 目前經(jīng)濟總量已位居世界前列 然而 中國是一個人口大國 按人口平均的經(jīng)濟水平還不高 仍然屬于 低收入國家 與發(fā)達國家相比 還存在較大的差距 中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的地區(qū)差異較大 東部沿海地區(qū)比較 發(fā)達 西部地區(qū)相對落后 中國正在進行西部大開發(fā) Western Region Development 以加快西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟 發(fā)展的步伐 Since China adopted the Reform and Opening up Policy in 1978 its economy has experienced a fast and steady development At present it is among the world s top economic powers However in view of China s large population its economic level is not yet high and it still belongs to countries that have low per capita income Compared with the developed countries China still has a long way to go Regional difference in China s economic development is considerably large The coastal areas in the east are relatively more prosperous the western areas comparatively lag behind China is implementing Western Region Development strategy with a view to speed up the economic progress in this region 10 中國是一個發(fā)展中的大國 又處在工業(yè)化的過程中 環(huán)境問題比較突出 因此國家把環(huán)境保護