虛擬語氣的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì).doc

Teaching Design of the Subjunctive MoodTeaching aims 1. Let the students grasp the subjunctive mood and the rules of it.2. Enable the students to finish the exercises correctly after leaning it. Emotional aims 1. Arouse the students interest in learning this grammar.2. Make them realize the importance of learning the subjunctive mood.Teaching key points & important points 1. Get the students to learn to use the subjunctive and its rules.2. How to let the students finish all kinds of exercises correctly after it.Teaching methods Task-based teaching, individual and cooperative learning and practice.Teaching aids A multiple-media computer Teaching procedures Step I Leading-in Let the students appreciate several sentences about the subjunctive mood in Chinese. 1. 如果我有一千萬，我就能買一棟房子 我有一千萬嗎？ 沒有。 所以我仍然沒有房子。 2. 如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。 我有翅膀嗎？ 沒有。 所以我也沒辦法飛。 3.如果把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出， 也澆不息我對(duì)你愛情的火 整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？ 不行。 所以我并不愛你。Step II The definition and rules of the subjunctive mood. 語氣是表示說話者對(duì)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，是一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語中的語氣有三種：1 陳述語氣（the Indicative Mood）用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。He was famous for his theory.2 祈使語氣（the Imperative Mood）用來表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。Dont be worry.3 虛擬語氣（the Subjunctive Mood）虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。下面分別介紹虛擬語氣在各種句式中的用法。一. 虛擬語氣在條件從句中1、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：時(shí)間 If從句 主句現(xiàn)在 were/did wound/should/might/could do將來 were/didshould do wound/should/might/could do were to do過去 had done wound/should/might/could have done 1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句用一般過去時(shí)主句用過去將來時(shí)。2、與過去事實(shí)相反從句用過去完成時(shí)主句用過去將來完成時(shí)。3、與將來事實(shí)相反從句用過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)主句用過去將來時(shí)。eg.If I were you, I would go at once. eg.If I had met him yesterday,I would have told him about it.eg.I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail, I would try again.1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come2.-If he_, he_ that food. -Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.( NMET 93) A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken3.If I _ in the twenty-second century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. A. should live; would spend B. will live; should spend C. are living;should have spent D. will be living; would have spent4. You didnt let me drive . If we _ in turn , you _ so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have gotII: 二.省略 if 的條件從句當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或 should 時(shí)，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experimentIf I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.1. _ she a man, she might be elected president. A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is2. _I had time, I would have gone over to see her. A. Did B. Were C. Had D. If3. -The taxi only took ten minutes to get to the hospital. - _ you were coming today, Id have met you at the railway station. A. Have I known B. I have known C. Had I known D. I had knownIII. 介詞 without 引導(dǎo)的短語代替 if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句.有時(shí)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句，可用介詞without 引導(dǎo)的短語來代替1. If there were no water, fish could not live. Without water, fish could not live.2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.Without your help, I would have failed.3. If the Party didnt lead us, we could not realize .Without the Partys leadership, we could not realize . IV.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件句1.假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定.1.If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會(huì)容易些。 2.If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like thi 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會(huì)干得這樣好。 If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been二 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中 1、記?。哼@些動(dòng)詞后面接的賓語從句：表示堅(jiān)持(insist) 命令(order, command)建議(suggest, advise, propose) ，要求(demand, request, require, desire), 等。2、賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞用should + do 構(gòu)成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(would / could) + do例句 1. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 I wish she would be on my side. 2.我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。I wish I were 30 years younger.3.我希望你能找到一個(gè)好職業(yè)。I wish (that) you would get a good job.4.他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。He wished he hadnt done it.5.他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。 He ordered that the students(should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.記住：suggest/insist 各有兩種意思,要用不同的語氣（1） 當(dāng) suggest 當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，其后的賓語從句（should） + do 這種形式，否則用正常的動(dòng)詞形式, 這時(shí)suggest 的意思是“暗示”；1）The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 2)The look on his face suggested that he was happy.（2）insist: 譯作“堅(jiān)持要求”，從句用虛擬should +V；當(dāng)“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”則不虛擬，該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài)。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. He insisted that he was right4. 在would rather(寧愿) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中would rather that 現(xiàn)在：過去時(shí)過去：過去完成未來過去時(shí)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural,surprising ) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形,表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。 1. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 2. Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。3. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 注意：有些過去分詞可以當(dāng)形容詞使用，在主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，It is advised/commanded/demanded/ordered/ required/ suggested that we/you/ he/she (should) +動(dòng)詞原形It was required that each student should bring enough food on the trip.1. It is strange that she _ marry such an ugly man. A. would B. should C. will D. shall2. Its a great pity that you _so.A. think B. thought C. will think D. is thought三虛擬語氣在表語從句中主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.四虛擬語氣在同位語從句中同位語從句的先行詞常是表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) be on time.五虛擬語氣在 as if 從句中在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式 (had done).1、as if 連接表語從句 She looked as if she were made of ice. He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2、as if 連接讓步狀語從 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. He speaks to us as if he had been there. 六虛擬語氣的幾個(gè)特例1. if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2. Its (high) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時(shí)或should + do Its time that you left here.你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.3. 一些短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語氣 Without/But for your help, we would not make such rapid progress.Without electricity, human life _ quite different. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. 有時(shí)虛擬語氣是通過上下文的語義表示出來的：He would have given you more help, but he was very busy.(If he had not been so busy) He was seriously ill, otherwise he would have come to our meeting.(otherwise = If he had not been seriously ill) 七高考題1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met3. If only I _ to