紅透2014四六級翻譯話題.doc

紅透2014四六級翻譯話題Hot Translation Topics In 2014（來源：選自“長喜英語”系列試卷中附贈的40篇翻譯）1、孔子（Confucius）是春秋時期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國人心目中的圣人。孔子的言論和生平活動記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的論語（The Analects）一書中。論語是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國歷史上，沒有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受論語的影響。不研究論語，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects. As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years Chinese history after Confucius. No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.2、大約在兩千多年前，中國就出現(xiàn)了蠟染（wax printing）。在中國服飾中，蠟染是一種流傳時間長、流行范圍大、使用領(lǐng)域廣的服裝工藝。蠟染是在布匹著色的過程中，以蜂蠟（beeswax）作為防止染色的材料。蜂蠟干了之后，會產(chǎn)生一些裂紋，這些裂紋在染色過程中滲透進靛藍色，于是形成了如冰花式樣的美妙紋理。這樣自然天成的紋理可以說是蠟染的靈魂所在。Wax printing appeared inChinaabout 2,000 years ago. Wax printing has long been a widespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion. During the dyeing process, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed. When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the process of dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice. These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.3、景泰藍（cloisonn）是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，它集青銅藝術(shù)、瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧于一身，是一門地道的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人們居家使用的精美物品。這項工藝始創(chuàng)于明代景泰年間，初創(chuàng)時的顏色主要是藍色，故得名“景泰藍”。到了成化年間，景泰藍技術(shù)進一步成熟，這個時期的作品沉穩(wěn)凝重又透明靈動，而且銅胎也極為講究。Cloisonn is a traditional art widely known in and outsideChina. It is a kind of superb local expertise form ofBeijing, which combines the skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts. It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments for daily use. The making of cloisonn first appeared during the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used being blue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on. By the time of the Chenghua reign, the techniques for making cloisonn were further developed, with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking in eloquence or vividness. Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.4、西塘在浙江嘉興，位于上海和杭州之間。這個占地規(guī)模并不大的古鎮(zhèn)有著悠久的歷史，它初建于春秋時期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吳國和越國的交界處。西塘的大致規(guī)模在宋代之前就已經(jīng)形成，今所見西塘著名的橋梁望仙橋（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遺跡。在明清時期，西塘既是遠近聞名的魚米之鄉(xiāng)，又是著名的絲綢制造之地，還以制陶業(yè)（ceramics）而享譽全國。Xitang is located inJiaxing,ZhejiangProvince, betweenShanghaiandHangzhou. Though small in size, this ancient town boasts a long history. It was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue. The present layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famousWangxianBridgein Xitang is a legacy of the Song. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade centre for farm products, silks and ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout the country.5、秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中國漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作迅速有力。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳舞來保持健康，同時他們也樂在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in thenorthern provinces. Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick. During holidays, such as the lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside. In recent years, elderly people in some cities inNortheast Chinahave been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.6、中國的青銅器時代（Bronze Age）從夏開始，經(jīng)歷商、西周到春秋時期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國創(chuàng)造了燦爛的青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價值。今藏于中國歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國青銅器時代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。The Bronze Age inChinalasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period. Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country. They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value. A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in theMuseumofChinese History. It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.7、1911 年，中國爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級革命辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國封建社會的最后一個朝代清朝，廢除了中國延續(xù)了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中國的第一個民主共和國中華民國。民國政府成立以后，要求全國人民都剪掉頭上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國延續(xù)了280 多年的辮子法令終于被解除。In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history the Revolution of 1911 broke out. The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished. The Republic of China, the first democratic republic inChina, was founded in 1912. After its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked. Since then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years inChinahas been abolished.8、出現(xiàn)在中國五代時期的婦女纏足（foot-binding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采用的一種行為，但由于有人認為腳裹起來更好看，所有很多人就開始效仿起來。到了宋代，封建社會的綱常思想非常嚴重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專門為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。The practice of foot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, it was only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing. Since people thought the foot-binding made womens feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit. By the Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts and influence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice of foot-binding was inherited and became a custom. In the Song Dynasty, to meet the needs of womens small feet, a kind of specially designed shoes gongxie was made.9、據(jù)中國古代史書記載，治水有功的大禹通過禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國王，建立了中國歷史上第一個奴隸制國家夏。從此，王位實行世襲制度，中國社會從此步入階級社會。夏代處在中國社會從原始社會向奴隸社會過渡的時期，社會生活的各個方面依然保存著原始社會的種種痕跡。According to the Chinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed over his leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling the flood of the Yellow River of China. When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breached the tradition of demise system and set himself as the king. Xia, the first slavery nation in Chinese history, was founded. Since then, the hereditary system had been practiced. Thus,Chinastepped into a class society. The Xia Dynasty was a transition from pr